The Traditional Romanian Folk Dance in Şieuţ, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, as Part of the Winter Traditions and Customs. Carol Singers and the “Beer”

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Patricia Smaranda Mureşan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Remarkable Event ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The Village

"The present study focuses on the custom of “Beer”, a remarkable event that shaped the evolution of the communities that were part of the Second Romanian Border Regiment at Năsăud, a military unit of the Austrian army in Transylvania between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It focuses specifically on the Şieuţ village and the detailed manner in which this social event was organized by the village’s young men between Christmas and the New Year, when young villagers could attend the “Beer”, an important occasion for social interaction. This research is based on a series of interviews with active community members from then and now and aims to offer an overview of the custom’s meaning and structure. According to tradition, during the Nativity Fast, young men would follow the call of the “bucin” and meet at the house of a host to plan the event. They were assigned the roles of “vătafi” and “colceri” who hired musicians for the event, while the “căprari” were responsible for collecting the traditional pastry received by carol singers. On Christmas Eve, they grouped and went caroling throughout the village. After the Christmas church service, the traditional folk dance (“Beer”) started at the host’s house. The traditional festive garments, the young men going caroling or the traditional men’s folk dance from Şieuţ, included in the UNESCO World Heritage, represent elements of this custom that have survived the passage of time, integrating the traditional into modern life. Keywords: Şieuţ, ”Beer”, Romanian folk dance, tradition, carol "

Involuntary Circumcision of Males in Illegal Initiation Schools in South Africa: A Violation of African Customary Human Rights?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Porsche Makama
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Traditional Practice

The incidence of deaths associated with the practice of forced and botched circumcisions at initiation schools has become a topical issue in South Africa. In recent times, the number of deaths and injuries among initiates has risen at an alarming rate, most of them occurring at illegal initiation schools. The continuous rise in the number of injuries among initiates at these schools has elicited mixed reactions among community members, some referring to it as genocide in the case of fatalities and calling for its abandonment, while others argue that this traditional practice should be allowed to continue. The majority of young men who go to initiation schools do not make the decision on their own, nor do they have a choice in the matter. Instead they are compelled by parents or guardians, influenced by friends, and also coerced by others in the community who insist that they have to ‘go to the mountain’, as initiation schools are generally referred to in South Africa. It has been argued by those against circumcision that this practice infringes constitutional rights and contravenes the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. There have been numerous instances where young and even mature males have been taken from the streets, or even from the comfort of their homes, and forced into circumcision camps with or without their consent. This begs the question whether the continued practice of a cultural tradition that violates the fundamental human right and freedom to choose religious and cultural beliefs is justifiable.

The Sociopolitical Economy of an Ancient Maya Village: Cerén and its Sacbe

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payson Sheets ◽  
Christine Dixon ◽  
David Lentz ◽  
Rachel Egan ◽  
Alexandria Halmbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Archaeology ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Sociopolitical Organization ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Village

The intellectual, artistic, and architectural accomplishments of Maya elites during the Classic period were extraordinary, and evidence of elite activities has preserved well in the archaeological record. A centuries-long research focus on elites has understandably fostered the view that they controlled the economy, politics, and religion of Maya civilization. While there has been significant progress in household archaeology, unfortunately the activities, decisions, and interactions of commoners generally preserve poorly in the archaeological record. Therefore, it has been challenging to understand the sociopolitical economy of commoners, and how it related—or did not relate—to elite authority. The exceptional volcanic preservation of the site of Cerén, El Salvador, provides a unique opportunity to explore the degree to which elites controlled or influenced commoner life. Was society organized in a top-down hierarchy in which elites controlled everything? Or did commoners have autonomy, and thus the authority to decide quotidian, seasonal, and annual issues within the village? Or was there a mixture of different loci of authority within the village and the region? Research at Cerén is beginning to shed some light on the sociopolitical economy within the community and in relation to elites in the Zapotitan valley. A domain in which there was considerable commoner-elite interaction in the Cerén area was the marketplace. Elites and their attached specialists provided products, and commoners decided which marketplace they would attend to exchange their items. Evidence from Cerén also suggests that there were numerous other domains of authority within the community that had no detectable control or influence from outside. For instance, people in the village decided what crafts or specialized agricultural products to produce as surplus to be exchanged within the community for different products from other households. Cerén community members acted independently as individuals, as households, or in other domains within the community. Understanding the multiple layers of authority at Cerén sheds light on the sociopolitical organization in one non-elite Classic period Maya community.

scholarly journals Community expectations and motivations in entomological research activities for the development of innovative malaria vector control tools: Target Malaria as a case study in Bana, Western Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourou Barry ◽  
Patrice Toé ◽  
Lea Pare/Toe ◽  
Javier Lezaun ◽  
Mouhamed Drabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Entomological Research ◽  
The Village ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

Abstract BackgroundMany field entomology research projects involve local communities in mosquito-collection activities. Since 2012, Target Malaria, a not-for-profit research consortium, has been working with community members in various studies of mosquito collection, release and recapture in the village of Bana, in Western Burkina Faso. Target Malaria’s long-term goal is to develop innovative solutions to combat malaria in Africa with the help of mosquito modification technologies. Since the start of the project, members of local communities have shown interest in playing an active role in the implementation of the project’s research activities, but their actual motivations for such an interest remain under-investigated. This study therefore aimed to examine the factors that motivate the local community to contribute to the implementation of Target Malaria’s activities in the village of Bana. MethodsA qualitative approach was used to examine the factors motivating the local community to assist in the implementation of Target Malaria’s entomological research activities in Bana. 85 individual in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by interviews with three focus groups, one with youths who had participated in mosquito collections and two with men and women from the village. All data collected were fully transcribed, processed, and submitted for thematic content analysis. ResultsData showed that the willingness of local community members to participate in the entomological research activities of Target Malaria was informed by a wide range of motivational factors. Although the actors interviewed expressed their motivations under different semantic registers, the data showed a degree of consistency between different motivations advanced. These similarities enabled us to classify all of the motivational factors under 5 distinct categories: (a) assist in field research, (b) contribute to a better future, (c) acquire knowledge, (d) earn financial compensation, and (e) gain social prestige.ConclusionThese varying motivations reflected fundamentally different personal and collective perceptions about the participation process. In addition, this study shows that the interest of research on participation is a useful part of understanding public perceptions.

scholarly journals Development of Tenun Ikat Troso Industrial Center as a Tourist Village in the District of Jepara

2018 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Izza Ulumuddin Ahmad Asshofi ◽  
Artin Bayu Mukti
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Industry Association ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Industrial Center

Troso is a village that was developed by the government of the district of Jepara to be a tourist village. It has the potential of home-based crafts such as weaving which could be developed into industrial centers. However, not all community members realize the potential. The community members don?t recognize that Troso is going to be developed as a tourist village. On the other hand, the way the community member doing their business is very ineffective. There is no coordination with other businessmen to accommodate and to control the business. Each entrepreneur is working on their tradition to enrich their own business. One entrepreneur to another is a competitor. For these reasons, the village needs to be developed in order to be efficient for the welfare of all people in Troso. Purpose of this research is to understand the existence of Tenun Ikat Troso industrial center and to evaluate development strategy of Tenun Ikat Troso industrial center as a tourist village in the district of Jepara. SWOT. The results show that (i) Strength – Opportunity strategy was focusing on digging deeper of the potency and then wrap them up in a specific brand which will impact on economic sector, (ii) Strength – Threat strategy was focusing on offering the potency of the village to investor to create added value of the village to attract tourists, (iii) Weakness – Opportunity strategy was focusing on building the community awareness of a tourist village plan and the importance of Troso weaving industry association, and (iv). Weakness – Threat strategy was focusing on identifying existing weaknesses of the Troso tourist village and then inviting other stakeholders to get involved in developing the village. Keywords: development; tenun ikat Troso; tourist village

scholarly journals Role of community figure in Healthy Indonesia Program with family approach (PIS-PK) in Banjarnegara District, Central Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Mujiati Mujiati ◽  
Eva Sulistiowati ◽  
Siti Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Community Data ◽  
The Village

The involvement of community figure is one form of participation in health development, including in the Healthy Indonesia Program with Family Approach (PIS-PK). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of community figure in PIS-PK. The type of study was a qualitative study in one kelurahan which was included in the working area of Community Health Care (CHC) Banjarnegara 1 in Banjarnegara District, Central Java, which was chosen purposively. Data collection was done by in-depth interview. The key informants were community figure, namely from the kelurahan (kelurahan head and its staff) and community members who were considered community figure in the village. Data triangulation was done by conducting in-depth interview with the head and staff of community health centre and the community. Data that has been obtained was analyzed thematically. The results of the study showed that community figure played an important role in the implementation of PIS-PK as sources of information about PIS-PK, helping field organizing, helping prepare complete families documents, assisting CHC staff and surveyor in home visits and helping solve problems that arise, and generally playing a role in the smooth implementation of PIS-PK. Social support from the local government and communities can be a motivation to continue to play a role in supporting the success of PIS-PK.

scholarly journals Montenegrin-Albanian Linguistic Border: In Search of “Balanced Language Contact”

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Morozova ◽  
Alexander Yu. Rusakov
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
External Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
The Village

The article aims to clarify the notion of “balanced language contact” and to model the situation of a language contact (in the present and the past) in one of the ethnically and linguistically mixed regions of the Montenegrin-Albanian linguistic border. The study focuses on the situation in the bilingual community of thevillageofVelja Gorana, located in the area of Mrkovići inSouthern Montenegro. The community of the village, as it seems at a first glance, provides a good example of a “balanced contact” situation. The language situation in Velja Gorana is described in the article as a set of micro-situations, or scenarios, developing on family and individual levels. Attention is paid not only to the communication in the family domain, but also to the external relations of the community members. Following on from this material, the authors attempt to develop a methodology for assessing the role of both languages in such communities in general, showing which factors influence individual linguistic behavior; how this behavior may change during an individual lifetime; how the different speakers’ strategies amalgamate in what can be considered as behavior of a multilingual speech community. Analyzing the information on the history of Velia Gorana, in particular, conducting a detailed examination of the origins, genealogies and marriage strategies of its families, allows the authors to reconstruct the mechanisms for the development of “linguistic exogamy” in the community of Velja Gorana and to make assumptions about the nature of the contact situation in this region in the past.

The Mandailing Raja Tradition in Pakantan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kartomi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Orchestral Music ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Aesthetic Meaning

This chapter examines the music culture of the village complex of Pakantan in south Tapanuli, North Sumatra, with particular emphasis on the Mandailing raja tradition. It aims to reconstruct the historical and aesthetic context of Pakantan's pre-Muslim ritual orchestral music in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the village was ruled by a chieftain (raja) of the original Lubis clan. The three ritual orchestras, which are differentiated by their respective sets of either five or nine tuned gordang drums or two untuned gordang drums, possess indigenous religious and aesthetic meaning. After providing an overview of the Mandailing people's cultural history, the chapter discusses the social role, aesthetic thought, and ritual practice of their ceremonial music. More specifically, it considers the gordang sambilan performed at major ceremonies, funerals, weddings, and clairvoyant rituals. It shows that each musical item on ceremonial occasions, whether played on a gondang or a gordang ensemble, is named after its totop, or fixed drum rhythm, and serves as an invocation.

scholarly journals Care work by convocation: Activist packages on streets to pedagogical packages in schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Sadlier
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Teacher Activism ◽  
Critical Literacies ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Village

This portrait of activist education, drawn from a larger ethnographic study into critical literacies and teacher activism in Oaxaca, Mexico in the wake of a teacher-driven social movement, showcases the celebrating of a popular, contentious national hero, Benito Juárez. In Mexico’s poorest region, where teacher mobilization on the streets and learning strategies in schools intersect, resistance to authoritarianism and instructional compliance with officialdom often overlap. Although critical multicultural approaches advocate for teaching to reduce the achievement gap or to critique extant power structures and practices, this article locates the repositioning of a mainstream historical personage as a pedagogical package, an allegory for justice and equality. Deploying the hero as a pedagogical package, the activist teachers established democratic education, altering formal timetables and curricular maps and humanizing the formal learning spaces in school in the aftermath of intensified conflict. Celebrating a popular hero on his birthday in school is a convocation for community members, parents, teachers and students to gather. The contentious relationships between teachers and the village community softened, particularly among men, and classroom learning and street-level mobilization formed part of a continuum of teacher practice.

scholarly journals Degraded Landscape Transformed into Foodland and Woodland by Village Agroforestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Nathalie Viviane Raharilaza
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Capacity Building ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Future Production ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis case study shares the results and lessons learned from agroforestry practices to restore a degraded and abandoned landscape, the production of seedlings of native and endemic tree species for forest restoration, and a trial of autochthones species transplantation at the village level in Madagascar. Awareness-raising and facilitation carried out by the NGO team on landscape changes and their effects on local people’s lives, food and natural resources, were the initial drivers of this process. A farmer led the landscape restoration experimentation by taking part of his poor, degraded land that had been long abandoned, and giving the green light to use it as a ‘farmer field school’. The community decided to keep the other side of the field untouched to enable comparison. Community members learned from each other by periodically sharing experiences. Community capacity-building on family accounting, production and harvest management helped community members to make decisions regarding the choice of crops and landscaping types suited to their needs. The community started to see results from the third year and increased the landscaped areas to boost future production. Some native trees like Harina (Bridelia tuleasneana), a highly preferred tree usually harvested from the rainforest for building materials, adapted very well to the village. The villagers learned to plant them rather than harvest them from the natural forest. The commitment, patience and courage of the community, and their immense pride in what they have achieved, created a cascading effect leading to sustainability.

scholarly journals Komunitas Pedesaan di Malaysia : Masalah Dan Tantangan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1406-1414
Author(s):  
Teuku Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews

Community development is an effort to improve the standard of living and quality of life of the community. The Wawasan Village Movement Program is a program that focuses on the development of rural human development towards a village that is more advanced, attractive and profitable. Even though in its implementation, community development is running smoothly and successfully. However, post-success needs to be maintained and sustainable. This article focuses on problems and challenges in the context of rural community development through the Wawasan Village Movement program. This article takes a case study in the Village of Shadow Keningau, Sabah Malaysia. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations. As well as documentation of published and unpublished materials. The article found several important facilitators who became problems and challenges after the successful implementation of the Village Movement Movement program in Keningau Shadow Village. This includes; (i) no further action from the government after the success; (ii) difficulty maintaining existing committees; (iii) idle and using assets for a long time; (iv loosening of social ties. In short, after the success of the government, it is necessary to give encouragement and encouragement to the Desa Bayangan community by making this village a model village. In addition, taking community members as facilitators in fostering other Wawasan Village Movement villages that are being fostered.

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