scholarly journals Differences of young adult smokers and non-smokers saliva reviewed by salivary pH, viscosity, and volume

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Dias Mareta Kusumaningrum ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Ervin Rizali
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Salivary pH, viscosity and volume play an important role in maintaining tooth and oral tissue integrity. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the difference of young adult smokers and non-smokers saliva reviewed by its pH, viscosity and volume. Methods: The research sample of 28 smokers and 24 non-smokers. Saliva was collected by spitting method then the pH, viscosity and volume was measured. The data was analyze using independent sample t-test and chi-square. Results: The result indicated that there was a significant difference in the mean value of salivary pH on smokers and non-smokers with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean value of salivary viscosity on smokers and non-smokers with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05.) There was a significant difference in the mean value of salivary volume on smokers and non-smokers with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion of the research showed that salivary pH of smokers was lower than non-smokers, salivary viscosity of smokers was higher than non-smokers and salivary volume of smokers was fewer than non-smokers.Keywords: Young adult, smokers, non-smokers, saliva, salivary pH, salivary viscosity, salivary volume

scholarly journals DIFFERENCE OF TUMOR MASS IN STADIUM IIB-IIIB SQUAMOUS CELL CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT PACLITAXEL CISPLATIN AND PACLITAXEL CARBOPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY AT SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Rini Noviyani ◽  
Putu Ayu Indrayathi ◽  
I. Nyoman Gede Budiana ◽  
Ketut Suwiyoga ◽  
Septiara Putri
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: One of the parameters to measure the efficacy of the use of platinum based chemotherapy was the difference of tumor mass. Unfortunately, there was limited data about the use of rational chemotherapy medicine for cervical cancer patients at Sanglah Hospital. Therefore, research to find more data about the difference of tumor mass was necessary.  Method: A prospective observational research conducted at Sanglah Hospital from January until August 2016 by using consecutive sampling method. Patients qualified for the inclusive criteria were separated into two groups, paclitaxel cisplatin and paclitaxel carboplatin. Tumor mass data was gathered from before chemotherapy I and after chemotherapy VI by using USG 2D LOGIQ V5. Data analysed was performed with SPSS 20.0 for windows with a 95% confidence level using Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test.Result: The mean value of tumor mass for patients in paclitaxel cisplatin regimen group before chemotherapy I and after chemotherapy VI were 68.91+7.41 cm3 and 10.62+6.82 cm3 respectively (p value=0.018). The mean value of tumor mass for patients in paclitaxel carboplatin regimen group before chemotherapy I and after chemotherapy VI were 53.44+52.25 cm3 and 9.18 + 8.23 cm3 respectively (p value=0.007). Meanwhile, the mean value of difference in tumor mass in paclitaxel cisplatin and paclitaxel carboplatin group was -58.29 + 49.93 cm3 and -44.26 + 51.48 cm3 respectively (p value=0.242).        Conclusion: This research shows that there was a significant difference of tumor mass before chemotherapy I and chemotherapy VI in both regimen groups. There was a bigger decrease of tumor mass in patients from paclitaxel cisplatin chemotherapy group compared to paclitaxel carboplatin group, but not significantly different. 

scholarly journals Assessment of the Tissue Response to Modification of the Surface of Dental Implants with Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor Immobilization (Fgf-2): An Experimental Study on Minipigs

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Javier Aragoneses ◽  
Ana Suárez ◽  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface treatment with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and fibroblast growth factor 2 on the bone–implant interface during the osseointegration period in vivo using an animal model. The present research was carried out in six minipigs, in whose left tibia implants were inserted as follows: eight implants with a standard surface treatment, for the control group, and eight implants with a surface treatment of carboxyethylphosphonic acid and immobilization of FGF-2, for the test group. At 4 weeks after the insertion of the implants, the animals were sacrificed for the histomorphometric analysis of the samples. The means of the results for the implant–bone contact variable (BIC) were 46.39 ± 17.49% for the test group and 34.00 ± 9.92% for the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. For the corrected implant–bone contact variable (BICc), the mean value of the test group was 60.48 ± 18.11%, and that for the control group, 43.08 ± 10.77%; the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). The new bone formation (BV/TV) showed average results of 27.28 ± 3.88% for the test group and 26.63 ± 7.90% for the control group, meaning that the differences were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.839). Regarding the bone density at the interthread level (BAI/TA), the mean value of the test group was 32.27 ± 6.70%, and that of the control group was 32.91 ± 7.76%, with a p-value of 0.863, while for the peri-implant density (BAP/TA), the mean value of the test group was 44.96 ± 7.55%, and that for the control group was 44.80 ± 8.68%, without a significant difference between the groups. The current research only found a significant difference for the bone–implant contact at the cortical level; therefore, it could be considered that FGF-2 acts on the mineralization of bone tissue. The application of carboxyethylphosphonic acid on the surface of implants can be considered a promising alternative as a biomimetic coating for the immobilization of FGF-2. Despite no differences in the new bone formation around the implants or in the interthread or peri-implant bone density being detected, the biofunctionalization of the implant surface with FGF-2 accelerates the mineralization of the bone–implant interface at the cortical level, thereby reducing the osseointegration period.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN STATUS KEBERSIHAN GIGI DAN MULUTPADA ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS SLB-B DAN SLB-C KOTA TOMOHON

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivie Indahwati ◽  
Max F. J. Mantik ◽  
Paulina N. Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Children With Disability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstract: Special need children is children with disability mental, physical, and emotion which different with the normal children, thus their more needed parents help in keeping hygene especially oral hygene. Every disability they have influenced the behaviour of special need children in keeping their oral hygiene. This study aimed to obtain the difference of oral hygiene between special needs children in SLB-B and SLB-C in Tomohon.This was a descriptive analytical study. Samples were obtained by total sampling method. This study was conducted at SLB-B GMIM Damai Tomohon and SLB-C Katolik Santa Anna Tomohon. There were 101 children in this study. The results of independent t test showed that there were significant differences between the mean value of OHI-S status at SLB-B (1.86) and the mean value OHI-S status at SLB-B ( 2.50) with a P value of <0,05. Conclusion: Oral hygiene of SLB-B children was significantly better than of SLB-C children.Keywords: oral hygiene, special need childrenAbstrak: Anak berkebutuhan khusus merupakan anak yang memiliki keterbatasan mental, fisik dan emosi yang berbeda dengan anak normal, sehingga mereka memerlukan bantuan dalam menjaga kebersihan diri khusunya kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Perbedaan keterbatasan yang mereka miliki, memengaruhi perilaku anak berkebutuhan khusus dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana perbedaan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLB-B dan SLB-C kota Tomohon, Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini secara total sampling. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan di SLB-B GMIM Damai Tomohon dan SLB-C Katolik Santa Anna Tomohon. Jumlah anak dalam penelitian sebanyak 101 anak. Hasil penelitian diolah dengan uji statistik t tidak berpasangan (independent t test).Dari uji statistik diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna, antara status OHI-S SLB-B dengan nilai rata-rata 1,86 dibandingkan status OHI-S SLB-C dengan nilai rata-rata 2,50 dan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan: Rerata status kebersihan gigi dan mulut SLB-B lebih baik secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan SLB-C.Kata kunci: kebersihan gigi dan mulut, anak berkebutuhan khusus

scholarly journals Lactulose versus lactitol in acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601
Author(s):  
Shahid Rasool ◽  
Salman Azhar ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
Mian Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Rizwan Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis, with depressed level of consciousness. Lactulose as well as lactitol has been used in the treatment of HE. Lactitol is comparable to lactulose in the treatment of HE with fewer side effects and better tolerated. However, literature showed equal efficacy of both drugs. So we conducted this trial to find better drug to implement its use in future. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of lactulose and lactitol in patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine OPD and Emergency (East, West, North, South), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 Months June 2017 to Dec 2017. Material & Methods: 570 patients were included through non-probability, consecutive sampling after informed consent. Initial grade of HE was assessed and patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method i.e. lactulose or lactitol. Patients were admitted to ward for management and kept under observation for 5 days. After 5 days, HE grades was measured again, then improvement in grade of HE (effectiveness) was measured. All data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square was applied to compare both groups for effectiveness taking p-value≤0.05 as significant. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 44.22 ±11.81 years, the male to female ratio of the patients was 2.4:1. The mean duration of the cirrhosis of the patients was 3.73±1.61 months. In our study the effectiveness was achieved in 538 (94.39%) patients, out of which 263 cases were from lactulose group and 275 were from lactitol group and the difference was significant (p<0.0.5). Conclusion: Our study results concluded that Lactitol is better choice for the treatment of patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy as compared to lactulose. More efficacy was achieved in lactitol group patients than in lactulose group patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of Strengthening Exercise on Dynamic Balance in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3429-3431
Author(s):  
Shenbaga Subramanian Sundaram ◽  
Makesh Babu Subramanian ◽  
Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgeh ◽  
Mikhled Falah Maayah ◽  
Ziyad Neamatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is characterised clinically by usage-related pain and/or functional limitation. OA that is associated with physical dysfunction and decline in health-related quality of life caused the main disability worldwide and is expected to increase due to aging and obesity rates and further load on the population and health system. The strengthening exercises that normally used is knee flexion and extensions, isometric quadriceps exercise, isometric hamstring exercise, and sit to stand to improve the balance. Objectives: is to find out the impact of Strengthening exercise on Balance in patients with knee Osteoarthritis Study Design: Quasi experimental study Methods: Fifty-six (n=56) of knee OA patients were involved in this study by judgemental sampling design. Researcher will first demonstrate and explain the Y-balance tools testing procedure based on Plisky and colleagues study. Participants are given to practice six trials before the formal testing, stated that SEBT have a significant learning effect and found that the reaching distances reached the longest distance after six trials and then will be constant. Results: Independent t-test shows significant difference in only anterior direction. In the experimental group the mean value is 69.83 with a SD of 11.62 while in the control group the mean value is 63.51 with a SD of 11.36; p-value of .045 and t-value of 2.056. In postero-lateral directions result shows there is no significant difference, experimental group the mean value is 91.10 with a SD of 9.74 while in control group mean value is 90.88 with SD value of 12.68; p-value of .947 and t-value of .067. Result of postero-medial shows no significant difference too, in experimental group the mean value of 95.16 with SD of 10.92 while in control group the mean value is 93.40 with SD of 8.20; p=value of .501 and t-value of .678. Conclusion: This study has proven strengthening exercise using YBT improved only anterior direction of YBT but no significant difference in postero-lateral and postero-medial direction. Key Words: Knee Osteoarthritis, Strengthening exercise, Dynamic Balance, Star excursion test

Evaluation of the Stability of the Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Injuries Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Akbari Aghdam ◽  
Mahsa Kavyani ◽  
Maryam Bosak ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi ◽  
Mehdi Motififard
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Stability

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee and is often injured during sport-related activities. ACL injuries influence the abilities of the subjects during standing and walking. Although early surgical intervention is preferred treatment for the majority of knee surgeons, the effect of this approach on postural stability of patients is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the difference between stability of ACL-reconstructed subjects before and after surgery. A group of 15 consecutive ACL injured patients participated in this study. Postural stability of the patients was evaluated 1 week before and 6 months after surgery (ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft). A Kistler force plate was used to evaluate center of pressure (COP) sway during quiet standing. The mean values of the COP parameters were obtained in pre and postsurgery conditions. Paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the stability parameters of the two conditions. The significant point was set at 0.05. The mean value of path length of COP velocity in mediolateral (ML) direction was 1,485.57 ± 479.42 mm and 2,641.33 ± 996.26 mm before and after surgery, respectively (p-value = 0.01). Although the mean value of COP velocity in anteroposterior and ML directions increased after surgery, the difference was only significant for velocity in ML direction (p-value = 0.049). The results of this study showed that the standing stability of those with ACL reconstruction decreased significantly after ACL reconstruction, which may be due to the effects of the surgery on sensory mechanism of ACL and inability of patients to return to their previous deep sense perception and knee proprioception.

Pseudonormokalemia in Patients with Thrombocytosis.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3964-3964
Author(s):  
Amir S. Steinberg ◽  
Raimonda Goldman ◽  
Randy L. Levine ◽  
Georgia Panagopoulos ◽  
Marvin C. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction: Pseudohyperkalemia represents an artificial elevation in serum potassium concentration. It is well described that patients with thrombocytosis may have elevated serum but normal plasma potassium. The difference between serum and plasma potassium is felt to be due to potassium release from platelets during clotting. We propose to prove that a similar mechanism will lead to a "pseudonormokalemia," where serum potassium appears to be in the normal range (3.5–5.0 MEq/L) despite below-normal levels in the plasma(&lt;3.5 MEq/L). Method: This is an interim analysis of a prospective, IRB-approved planned comparison of 146 patients. We compared 36 thrombocytosis patients (platelets&gt;500,000/uL) to 36 control patients (platelets&lt;500,000/uL). Patients were identified from a list of lab results generated by a computer search and serum and plasma potassium and CBC were then drawn concomitantly. The two groups were compared using either the t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test depending on the distribution of the variables. A p &lt;.05 was considered a priori to indicate statistical significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution or age between the two groups. The average platelet count was 643,190/uL in the thrombocytosis group (SD 134,426 uL) and 280,220/uL (SD 106,217 uL) in the control group with a p value &lt;0.001. While the serum potassium was noted to be significantly different between the two groups, the plasma potassium was not (see table). This was reflected in the difference between the serum and plasma potassium in the two groups. The thrombocytosis group was noted to have a difference between serum and plasma potassium of .52 MEq/L (SD .32 MEq/L) while the control group had a difference of .18 MEq/L (SD .23 MEq/L). The thrombocytosis group had 14 cases in which the difference between serum and plasma potassium was over 0.5 MEq/L whereas the control group had none. Conclusion: In this study, patients with thrombocytosis had higher mean serum potassium levels than the control group but similar mean plasma potassium levels. The mean difference between serum and plasma potassium (Delta) exceeded 0.5 MEq/L in the thrombocytosis arm and there was a statistically significant difference in the Delta values between the two groups. The mean platelet volume (MPV) of the thrombocytosis group was smaller than that of the control group. This indicates that the elevation in serum potassium in the thrombocytosis group cannot be attributed to the actual size of the platelets but rather to the number of platelets involved. Patients with thrombocytosis and normal serum potassium may actually be hypokalemic as this study demonstrates. As we continue to evaluate patients, we believe this difference will become more demonstratable. On interim analysis, our study suggests that in patients with thrombocytosis and normal serum potassium, plasma potassium should be considered along with routine labs. Group Comparison Values (N=36) Thrombocytosis Group-Platelets&gt;500,000/uL Control Group-Platelets&lt;500,000/uL p value Age 60.33 yrs 57.53 yrs p =.50 Serum K+ 4.43 MEq/L 4.15 MEq/L &lt;.001 Plasma K+ 3.91 MEq/L 3.97 MEq/L p =.54 Mean Delta between Serum and Plasma K+ .52 MEq/L (SD .32) .18 MEq/L (SD .23) &lt;0.001 Platelet Count 643.19 X103/uL 280.22X103/uL &lt;0.001 MPV 7.27 fl 8.24 fl &lt;0.001 WBC 12.05 mm3 9.98 mm3 p =.16

scholarly journals The Difference of Marginal Bone Preservation between Dental Implants with Non-Threaded or Micro-Threaded Collar Designs

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Mazen Almasri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
P Value ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Preservation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Implant System ◽  
Metal Show

This study analyzes the marginal bone loss (MBL) among dental implants characterized with non-threaded collar design (NT) when compared to the more classic micro-threaded collar design (MC) as such might reflect the future dentogengival esthetics, implant metal show, and mucositis. A total of 112 patients who received 311 implants have been included in the study and analyzed for their postoperative MBL using sequential periapical radiographs. The prevalence of postoperative peri-implant mucositis was recorded as well. The periapical radiographic comparison was performed between the immediate postoperative record and at the 24-month recall visit. Among the 311 implants, 124 (39.9%) had NT implants, and 187 (60.1%) had MC implants. Out of the 112 patients, 37 (44.6%) were females, and 10 (34.5%) were males included in the NT group. In contrast, 46 (55.4%) females and 19 (65.5%) males were in the MC group. The mean age among the two groups was 41.43 ± 15.900 and 46.68 ± 16.070, respectively. In contrast, the mean MBL among the groups were 0.544 ± 0.7129 and 0.061 ± 0.2648, respectively. The change in MBL was not positively correlated with gender (p-value = 0.154) or age (p-value = 0.115) in both groups. However, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.001, X2 = 62.796, Df = 4) of MBL between the two implant systems themselves. The MBL was higher in people implanted with the NT system when compared to MC. Therefore, the MC implant system can be a better choice for marginal bone preservation, especially in restoring esthetically demanding areas in the mouth.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Derajat Keasaman Kulit Wajah, Dada dan Punggung Pada Penderita Akne Vulgaris di Kota Medan Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Yuni Selfiana Br. Sembiring ◽  
Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan ◽  
Kristo A Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Akne Vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit that often occurs in adolescents and young adults. The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris involves several factors, one of which is the acidity (pH) of the skin.  Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in the degree of acidity of facial skin, chest and back of patients with acne vulgaris.  Methods: This was a comparative analytic study with cross sectional design. The sample collection technique was consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using ANOVA-test.  Results: The majority of patients with acne vulgaris who came to Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan and the private clinic of dr. Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan, M.Ked (KK), Sp.KK was a 17-25 year old. The mean acidity of facial skin with acne vulgaris was 5.66, the mean acidity of chest skin was 5,84 and the mean acidity of back skin was 6.09. There was a significant difference in the mean value of acidity in facial, chest and back skin of patients with acne vulgaris (p = 0,000). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in average degree of acidity on the facial, chest and back skin in patients with acne vulgaris.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gingival Health Status among Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Shahida R. Hussein ◽  
Bayan A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Fixed orthodontic appliances corrupt plaque removal, proper oral hygiene, and gingival health so periodontal evaluation is important to be checked in every appointment. The aim of the present study was to assess gingival health among patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance. A clinical comparative study conducted on 25 patients with an aged ranged from 15 to 25 years. Clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at base line before starting orthodontic treatment and after 1 month of treatment. A double paired t-test was applied to the data collected for statistical analysis. The mean value of PI (1.11), GI (1.155), and BOP (0.600) scores was increased after placement of fixed orthodontic appliance, but with no statistically significant difference with base line for PI (P-value = 0.596), GI (P-value = 0.355), and BOP (P-value = 0.256), respectively. Regarding age group, mean PI (1.46), GI (1.22), and BOP (0.875) were increased with increasing age, patients who age’s ≥20 showed statistical significant difference for gingival and plaque means P-value = 0.006 and P-value = 0.03) for ≥20, respectively. The finding of this study had shown that patients with fixed orthodontic appliances had non-significant increase in the mean value of plaque, gingival, and BOP indices scores. All mean scores were increased with increasing age, but with non-significantly for BOP only.

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