scholarly journals Insomnia among Egyptian Samples of University Students and Employees

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Maysa al Nyal ◽  
Hanan Saeed
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Two Age Groups

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia, differences between males and females, and between two age groups, and to explore the factorial structure of the Arabic Scale of Insomnia (ASI). Samples of university students (n=500) and employees (n=457) of both sexes were recruited. Female university students obtained the highest mean total score on the ASI, followed by female employees, male university students, and finally male employees. The salient significant differences were between female students and male employees and between male and female employees. Despite the differences in the prevalence rate of insomnia between the four groups, they all agreed on that the least prevalence rate was for the item: “I feel depressed when it is time for me to go to bed, whereas the highest prevalence rate was for the item: “My interrupted sleep annoys me.” Principle components analysis yielded three factors for each group. Most of their names were not identical. The most salient finding of this study was the statistically significant sex differences in insomnia in favor of women. It was concluded that is it important to introduce counseling for those who obtained high scores on the ASI. 

scholarly journals Physical exercise and body-mass index in young adults: a national survey of Norwegian university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grasdalsmoen ◽  
Hege Randi Eriksen ◽  
Kari Jussie Lønning ◽  
Børge Sivertsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
College And University

Abstract Background Physical inactivity and obesity pose a major public health challenge. The aim of this study was to describe the level of physical exercise and body-mass index in college and university students, as well as to examine potential changes from 2010 to 2018. Methods Data stem from the SHoT study, a national student health survey for higher education in Norway, conducted at 4-year intervals. The SHOT studies conducted so far in 2010, 2014 and 2018, included 6053, 13,525 and 50,054 fulltime students (aged 18–35), respectively. Exercise frequency (average number of times exercising each week) was assessed in all three waves, and was used for the trend analysis. The last wave in 2018 also assessed the average intensity and duration of the exercise. Results Overall, students exercised less in 2018 compared to 2014, but comparable to level in 2010. The prevalence of overweight increased substantially from 2010 to 2018, but especially in the last 4 years and among older female students. Less than one of four male, and one of five female students, met the recommended criteria for both exercise frequency, intensity and duration. As expected, the associations between exercise and overweight/obesity were in a dose-response manner, and strong across all three waves. Conclusions Our findings show that the large majority of young adults fail to meet international recommendations on exercise, and that the proportion of overweight is increasing in both genders and across all age groups. We conclude that there is an urgent need for a broad approach to achieve a paradigm shift in supporting our college and university students to become more active.

Effects of type, sex and age on goat skin and leather characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salehi ◽  
I. Kadim ◽  
O. Mahgoub ◽  
Sh. Negahdari ◽  
R. S. Eshraghi Naeeni
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study evaluated the potential of two goat types (hairy and cashmere) for quality and quantity of skin and leather production. Goat skins (200: males n = 80, and females n = 120) of two age groups (<1 year, n = 80; and 1–5 years, n = 120) representing two genotypes (hairy and cashmere) were used. There were significant differences between hairy and cashmere goats for skin area (43.7 ± 0.9 and 41.8 ± 0.9 dm2; P = 0.04). Cashmere goat leather had significantly higher values for thickness (1.01 ± 0.01 vs 0.96 ± 0.01 mm; P = 0.05) and percentage extension (66.4 ± 0.9 vs 63.1 ± 0.9%; P = 0.04) than hairy goat leather. There were no type effects on leather weight (P = 0.3), area or dimension (P = 0.6–0.1), breaking force (P = 0.8), or tensile strength (P = 0.06). Male goats had significantly (P < 0.0001) heavier skins (1288 ± 26.4 vs 804 ± 23.3 g) with greater area (49.2 ± 0.9 vs 35.3 ± 0.9 dm2) and greater thickness at all sites measured than females. In addition, male goats had significantly (P < 0.0001) heavier leather (568.1 ± 13.5 vs 321.2 ± 11.6 g) with greater area (71.4 ± 0.9 vs 53.8 ± 0.9 dm2), length (96.3 ± 1.1 vs 83.1 ± 0.9 cm), and width (65.4 ± 0.7 vs 60.8 ± 0.6 cm). Leather from male goats had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher breaking force (32.9 ± 0.8 vs 23.2 ± 0.7 kg), tensile strength (296.5 ± 5.6 vs 264.2 ± 4.9 kg force/cm2), and percentage extension (68.5 ± 1.0 vs 61.0 ± 0.9%) than females. Adult goats had significantly heavier (P < 0.0001) skins and leather with greater (P < 0.0001) area and greater (P = 0.0006–< 0.0001) leather thickness at all sites measured than kids. Leather from adult goats had significantly higher values for breaking force (29.6 ± 0.7 vs 26.5 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.001) and percentage extension (66.6 ± 0.9 vs 62.9 ± 1.0%; P = 0.006), but tensile strength was not significantly different (283.6 ± 5.1 vs 276.4 ± 5.1 kg force/cm2; P = 0.3). The region of sampling had significant (P < 0.0001) effects on physical properties of goat leather. The skin form hip, top shoulder, and back regions had highest thickness, followed by the rib and belt. Leather samples from shoulder showed significantly greater (P < 0.0001) breaking force and tensile strength (31.7 ± 0.7 kg, 313.4 ± 4.6 kg force/cm2) than hip (24.7 ± 0.7 kg, 226.6 ± 4.6 kg force/cm2) and rib (25.4 ± 0.7 kg, 294.4 ± 4.6 kg force/cm2), but had less extension (59.0 ± 0.9 vs 68.0 ± 0.9 and 65.4 ± 0.9%; P < 0.0001). Samples taken parallel to the backbone had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher force and strength (31.2 ± 0.7 kg, 314.3 ± 4.3 kg force/cm2) than perpendicular samples (23.4 ± 0.7 kg, 241.9 ± 4.3 kg force/cm2), although they showed smaller (P < 0.0001) percentage extension (59.9 ± 0.9, 68.4 ± 0.9%). Phenotypic correlation estimates among studied traits ranged from +0.4 for physical characteristics of leather with weight and area to +0.9 among weight, area, and thickness of skin and leather. This study showed that skin and leather differences were greater between males and females, and between kids and adults, than between hairy and cashmere goats.

The effect of learner age on the interpretation of the nonverbal behaviors of teachers and other students in identifying questions in the L2 classroom

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
University Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Short Video ◽  
The University ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study investigated how learners’ ages affect their interpretation of the nonverbal behaviors (NVBs) of teachers and other students in distinguishing between questions and statements in the second language (L2) classroom. After watching 48 short video clips without sound in which three L2 teachers asked a question or made a statement with or without gesture, 36 elementary school pupils and 30 university students judged whether they thought the teachers asked a question or made a statement along with their reasons. The findings show that, regardless of learners’ ages, L2 teacher’s gestures were found to help learners better identify questions. Furthermore, the six major types of NVBs used for judgments most frequently were identical across the two age groups regardless of the accuracy of their judgments. Nevertheless, incorrect judgments were made as often and sometimes even more often than correct judgments by applying the same assumptions. The effect of age was evidenced in that the university students were able to use a larger number of NVBs for correct judgments, and better distinguish questions and statements without linguistic information than the elementary school pupils. The data suggest that it is the learners’ (L2) classroom experience that seems to be playing the major role in yielding this difference. The study indicates that adult L2 learners are better able than children to incorporate and interpret NVBs of teachers as well as other students quantitatively and qualitatively.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Middle Secondary School Bhutanese Students’ Assertiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mind Training ◽  
Two Age Groups

The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine middle secondary school students’ assertiveness. A total of 88 IT students in one of the middle secondary schools in central Bhutan was surveyed. Students were classified based on two age groups of below 15 years and 15 to 18 years of age. Questionnaire was used to assess whether the attitudes of the students were passive, aggressive or assertive. The questionnaire was developed based on the book "Assertiveness" by Chalvin, (1981) and the interpretations from Pro mind training (2012). The questions corresponded to the three attitudes i.e. passive, aggressive and assertive attitude. 53.4 %, 35.2% and 11.4% of the total students were found passive, assertive and aggressive respectively. The results indicated female students to be more assertive than the male students from the age groups.

scholarly journals Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration Among Female and Male University Students in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Barbara Krahé
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Victimization Rate ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male University Students

This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Iranian Male University Students Toward Sport and Exercise with Reference to Age, Educational Level, and Field of Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Mirsafian
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Sport Programs ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Published Paper

AbstractThis article aimed to discover the attitudes of Iranian male university students toward sport and exercise. This study is based on the same research as another published paper regarding the attitudes of Iranian female students toward sport and exercise. Participants (N = 821) were selected from different educational levels and fields of study from among 12 public universities. Data were collected by a modified and developed version of Kenyon's scale (1968), which measures the attitudes of people toward physical activity. For the analysis of the data, independent sample t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were employed (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the attitudes of the respondents can be identified as fitness (3.96 ± 1.02), catharsis (3.84 ± 0.80), social (3.82 ± 1.10), aesthetic (3.03 ± 1.14), vertigo (2.15 ± 1.16), and ascetic (2.07 ± 0.79). Furthermore, it was found that various demographic and social characteristics affected participants' attitudes toward sport and exercise (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it was concluded that the sport programs should be organized around students' dominant attitudes toward regular activities. In addition, planning and organizing sport programs with regard to the wide attitudinal differences between male and female students could be a big step toward improving students' participation rate in sporting activities at Iranian universities.

The intonation of broad focus declaratives in Afro-Peruvian Spanish: Findings from two elicitation tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Elyssa Fenton ◽  
Amy Bustin ◽  
Antje Muntendam
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pitch Accents ◽  
Two Age Groups ◽  
Comparison Data

AbstractThis paper examines the intonation of broad focus declaratives in the Afro-Peruvian Spanish spoken in Chincha, based on two elicitation tasks. The objectives were to investigate the intonation of Afro-Peruvian Spanish broad focus declaratives, as compared to non-Afro-Peruvian Spanish, and to compare the findings across genders and age groups.The data came from a Story Builder Action Cards task and a Frog Story task. The participants were thirteen Afro-Peruvians (seven female; 21–54 years), who were divided in two age groups. For comparison, data were collected from three speakers who did not identify as Afro-Peruvian. The data were analyzed in Praat, following Spanish ToBI. Specifically, pitch accents in prenuclear and nuclear positions, and intermediate and final boundary tones were analyzed.The results showed a lack of downstepping in prenuclear and nuclear positions, early-aligned peaks in prenuclear position, a high frequency of falling tones, high and rising boundary tones, and circumflex contours. These characteristics were found in males and females, and younger and older speakers, suggesting that the characteristics of Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation are not limited to elderly male speakers as suggested in previous research. Interestingly, circumflex contours were especially frequent in younger males, possibly as a marker of their identity.

scholarly journals Humor and the Creative Use of English Expressions in the Speech of University Students: A Case From Jordan

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402091455
Author(s):  
Essa Salem ◽  
Marwan Jarrah ◽  
Imran Alrashdan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Linguistic Resource ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Arabic And English

The present study examines the use of English lexical insertions to create humor by Jordanian university students. The data of the study are collected from spontaneous tape-recorded conversations from 62 participants of both males and females, representing different age groups (from 18–23 years old) and belonging to different specializations (e.g., engineering, pharmacy, mathematics, business, and English). The recorded conversations are qualitatively analyzed applying Auer’s sequential approach to code-switching to attain a local interpretation of lexical insertions for humor effect from English into Jordanian Arabic (JA). The findings of the study reveal that Jordanian university students exploit their bilingual repertoire to create humor by playfully and innovatively switching to English. This is shown to take place by unexpected switching points, a switching that flouts Arabic syntactic constraints, a violation of code-switching constraints, incongruity and incompatibility of translating Arabic culture-bound expressions to English, and imposing Arabic word formation templates to English insertions. Specifically, five patterns of code-switching of humor are found, namely, switching around the interrogative, playful affixation, phonological playfulness, haphazard calquing, and the imposition of Arabic morphological rules on English lexical insertions. The study argues that humorous insertions are in fact a marker of solidarity and an in-group membership. Humorous insertions are also shown not to contribute to the content of the message or the pragmatic meaning. Bilingual university students (of Arabic and English) purposefully make use of an additional linguistic resource to mock certain propositions.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Metode Third Molar Maturity Index pada Kelompok Usia Remaja

e-GIGI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoghi B. Prabowo ◽  
Haliza Ermanto ◽  
Tira H. Skripsa ◽  
Edward K. S. Limijadi ◽  
Rizky M. Boedi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Age Estimation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract: Up to now, there are still residents of Indonesia who do not have legal documents supporting age information. Hence, proving the age of a person concerning some reasons becomes difficult. Third molar development could be used as an indicator to estimate the age in adolescents if legal documents are not available. This study was aimed to prove the difference in the development of third molars between individuals aged above and below 19 years using the third molar maturity index (I3M) method. Third molar development calculations were performed on 112 digital OPG photographs (71 females and 41 males) of patients aged 16- <24 years. Samples were divided into two age groups, namely <19 years and ≥19 years. We performed comparison tests to analyze the differences between groups and genders against I3M. The results showed significant differences between the development of third molars in individuals aged above and below 19 years according to I3M values. Meanwhile, there was no significant differences in I3M values between males and females. Males experienced faster third molar development than females in the age group <19 years. In conclusion, the I3M method can be used to differentiate the development of third molars in individuals aged above and below 19 years. Further research could be carried out by using a larger number of samples and setting a threshold of I3M for the age of 19 among Indonesian population.Keywords: dental age estimation, third molar, I3M method Abstrak: Pada saat ini, masih ada penduduk Indonesia yang tidak memiliki dokumen legal pendukung informasi usia sehingga terdapat kesulitan dalam membuktikan usia seseorang untuk berbagai kebutuhan. Pertumbuhan molar ketiga dapat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk melakukan estimasi usia pada remaja bila dokumen legal tidak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan perbedaan pertumbuhan molar ketiga pada individu berusia di atas dan di bawah 19 tahun dengan metode third molar maturity index (I3M). Perhitungan pertumbuhan molar ketiga dilakukan pada 112 foto OPG digital (71 wanita dan 41 pria) dari pasien berusia 16- <24 tahun. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok usia, yaitu <19 tahun dan ≥19 tahun. Uji beda dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan antar kelompok dan jenis kelamin terhadap I3M. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara pertumbuhan molar ketiga pada individu berusia di atas dan di bawah 19 tahun. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai I3M pada pria dan wanita. Pria ditemukan mengalami pertumbuhan molar ketiga yang lebih cepat dari wanita pada kelompok usia <19 tahun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah metode I3M dapat digunakan untuk membedakan pertumbuhan molar ketiga pada individu berusia di atas dan di bawah 19 tahun. Disarankan penelitian lanjut dengan menggunakan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan dilakukan penetapan batas ambang I3M untuk usia 19 tahun pada populasi Indonesia.Kata kunci: estimasi usia dental, molar ketiga, metode I3M

scholarly journals Anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic among Students of University of Shkoder, Albania

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Elona Hasmujaj ◽  
Visar Dizdari
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
T Test ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the extent of anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic on university students of Shkoder. Another purpose is to find out the relationship between anxiety symptoms with some demographical variables such as gender, age, level of study, field of study and having been infected or not by coronavirus. Data was collected using the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), administered online to assess the anxiety level. The sample consists of 175 university students from different Faculties of the University of Shkoder. The results showed that the prevalence rate of heavy anxiety during the pandemic is about 10.3%. T-test indicated that female students are more prone to experience anxiety during the pandemic than male ones. Anova analysis indicated that midwifery students show the highest level of anxiety compared to other fields of studies. But anxiety was not associated with age, level of study or having been infected by coronavirus. These findings are important in detecting the psychological consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic in different societies.

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