scholarly journals Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration Among Female and Male University Students in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Barbara Krahé
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Victimization Rate ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male University Students

This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs.

scholarly journals Insomnia among Egyptian Samples of University Students and Employees

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Maysa al Nyal ◽  
Hanan Saeed
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Two Age Groups

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia, differences between males and females, and between two age groups, and to explore the factorial structure of the Arabic Scale of Insomnia (ASI). Samples of university students (n=500) and employees (n=457) of both sexes were recruited. Female university students obtained the highest mean total score on the ASI, followed by female employees, male university students, and finally male employees. The salient significant differences were between female students and male employees and between male and female employees. Despite the differences in the prevalence rate of insomnia between the four groups, they all agreed on that the least prevalence rate was for the item: “I feel depressed when it is time for me to go to bed, whereas the highest prevalence rate was for the item: “My interrupted sleep annoys me.” Principle components analysis yielded three factors for each group. Most of their names were not identical. The most salient finding of this study was the statistically significant sex differences in insomnia in favor of women. It was concluded that is it important to introduce counseling for those who obtained high scores on the ASI. 

Psychologic predictors and epidemiology of internet addiction among university students in greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 40-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Frangos ◽  
K.C. Fragkos
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Impact

AimTo present the epidemiology and psychological predictors of Internet Addiction (IA) among Greek University students.MethodsThis random sample consisted of 3545 students, drawn from 24 higher education institutions (1618/1927 M/F, mean age 20.12 ± 2.4 years). The survey was conducted in the 4 Greek cities: Athens, Preveza, Thessaloniki and Amfissa.ResultsThe prevalence rates of IA according to Young's Test in the four cities were: Athens (17.5%), Preveza (15.9%), Thessaloniki (19.3%), Amfissa (16.3%). There was a statistically significant association between location and IA (χ2 = 28.251, df = 3, p < 0.001), gender and IA for males and females (p < 0.001). We performed a t-test with the dependent variable S = sum of scores in the psychological features of loneliness, feeling abandoned, disappointed, aimless in life, and with low self-esteem; the grouping variable was IA. Results showed that the variable S was much lower for the non-addicted than for addicted students (t = 19.329, p < 0.005, df = 3085). Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of psychological characteristics on the likelihood that respondents would be Internet Addicted. The model was statistically significant χ2(10, N = 3085) = 316.3, p < 0.001. The model classified correctly 85.1% of the cases. The strongest predictors of IA were the following: Loneliness (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.67-2.71), feeling abandoned (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.2-2.1), low self-esteem (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.4-2.1) and fear of losing their job (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01-1.7).ConclusionLoneliness, helplessness, low self-esteem and fear of unemployment are the strongest predictors of IA among Greek university students.

scholarly journals Sexual and Physical Aggression Involve Different Relationship Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Wright ◽  
Rosemary Cogan ◽  
Nathanael Taylor
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

We assessed differences in relationship functioning in physically and in sexually aggressive student men and women. Forty-seven university students in beginning psychology classes completed the Bornstein Relationship Profile Test (RPT) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) for partners and for others. The RPT categorizes people on dependency-detachment and yields three subscales: Destructive Overdependence, Dysfunctional Detachment, and Healthy Dependency. The CTS2 measures both the extent of to-partner and to-other aggression and the use of physical and sexual aggression in dealing with conflict. Students who were sexually aggressive toward partners and/or others had lower scores on Bornstein’s Healthy Dependence scale than those who were not sexually aggressive, F(1,43) = 6.57, p = .01.

scholarly journals Understanding Sexual Aggression in UK Male University Students: An Empirical Assessment of Prevalence and Psychological Risk Factors

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107906322110516
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Hales ◽  
Theresa A. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Male University Students

University-based sexual aggression is an international public health issue; however, to date, there have been no formal assessments of the prevalence or psychological indicators associated with the proabuse behaviors of the most common perpetrators at UK universities: heterosexual male students. To facilitate the development of effective primary prevention interventions for domestic students who have sexually harmed, we assess across two empirical studies ( Ns = 259 and 295) the psychological risk factors associated with recent sexual aggression amongst two distinct samples of UK male university students. Cumulatively, results highlighted that one in nine participants (11.4%) self-reported recent sexual aggression. These participants could be statistically differentiated from their non-offending peers on various established indicators of general sexual offending, of which logistic regression analyses highlighted atypical sexual fantasies, general aggression, hostility toward women, and rape myth acceptance as being the most reliable predictors. Our data extend the international evidence base by providing the first detailed overview of sexual aggression amongst UK male university students, as well as the psychological risk factors associated with their proabuse behaviors. We discuss the importance of our findings for the development of more effective evidence-based reduction strategies and primary prevention interventions for male students who have sexually harmed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Krahé ◽  
Isabell Schuster ◽  
Paulina Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Victimization Rate ◽  
Opposite Sex

AbstractThis study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim–perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim–perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

scholarly journals From Stress to Psychopathology: Relationship with Self-Reassurance and Self-Criticism in Czech University Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kotera ◽  
Jaroslava Dosedlova ◽  
Denise Andrzejewski ◽  
Greta Kaluzeviciute ◽  
Makoto Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
As Stress

AbstractPsychological stress has become a major concern, potentially leading to diverse health problems including psychopathology such as depression and anxiety. Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is an established model, conceptualizing stressful experiences via person–environment relationship. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the pathway from stress to depression/anxiety, with a focus on self-criticism (inadequate-self and hated-self) and self-reassurance (reassured-self) in Czech students who suffered from high prevalence of mental health problems. Convenience sample of 119 undergraduates completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the Forms of the Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale. Correlation and path analyses were conducted. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were used to aid an accurate and complete report of the study. Depression, anxiety, and stress were positively associated with inadequate-self and hated-self while negatively associated with reassured-self. Both inadequate-self and hated-self partially mediated the stress–depression and stress–anxiety relationships, whereas reassured-self only partially mediated the stress–depression relationship. Inadequate-self had greater impact on the stress–depression/anxiety pathways than hated-self and reassured-self. Findings indicate that clinical treatment may benefit from targeting the feelings of inadequacy to prevent stress progressing to psychopathology. This is particularly relevant as stress levels are rising globally. Our findings offer developments to the Transactional Model, and help practitioners and educators identify solutions to protect mental health of Czech university students.

The Relationship Between Smartphone Use, Insomnia, Stress, and Anxiety Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382098316
Author(s):  
Nisreen Al Battashi ◽  
Omar Al Omari ◽  
Murad Sawalha ◽  
Safiya Al Maktoumi ◽  
Ahmed Alsuleitini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insomnia Severity

The rapid increase in the number of smartphone users has raised concern about the negative psychosocial and physical effects of this use. A descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted to investigate the relationship between smartphone use, anxiety and insomnia among university students. A convenience sample of 404 students from one public university completed questionnaires with items from the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Insomnia Severity Index, with some demographic data. High smartphone addition scale score was significantly associated with higher anxiety and stress scores of the Depression Anxiety Stress scale, and higher insomnia severity index score. The findings support the importance of an intervention program to promote appropriate use of smartphones and to improve sleep and psychological symptoms such as stress and anxiety among university students.

‘Most young men think you have to be naked in front of the GP’: a qualitative study of male university students’ views on barriers to sexual health

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Ewert ◽  
Archibald Collyer ◽  
Meredith Temple-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sexual Health Education ◽  
Sexual Health Care ◽  
Sexual Health Information ◽  
Male University Students

Background In Australia, 15- to 29-year-olds account for 75% of all sexually transmissible infection (STI) diagnoses. STI rates among young men are rising, with most diagnosed in general practice. Young men less frequently attend general practice than young women, and rarely present with sexual health issues, making it difficult for general practitioners (GPs) to offer opportunistic STI education and screening. Little is known of the barriers preventing male university students accessing general practice for sexual health care, or what would facilitate this. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young men aged 18–24 years attending university between 2012 and 2014. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using content and thematic analysis. Results: Twenty-eight interviews of 26–50 min duration found self-imposed views of masculinity, privacy and embarrassment as key barriers to accessing GPs for sexual health care. This was compounded by poor STI knowledge and not knowing when or where to go for care. Participants, except if they were international students, acknowledged school as an important source of sexual health education. The need for sexual health education at university was identified. While the Internet was a popular source, there were mixed views on the benefits of social media and text messaging for sexual health promotion. Conclusions: Current expectations of young male university students to seek sexual health care or acquire sexual health information from medical care may be misplaced. Universities have an excellent opportunity to provide young men with appropriate sexual health information and could offer novel strategies to help young men look after their sexual health.

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