scholarly journals Effect of Calcination Time on Bovine-Derived Hydroxyapatite as Bone Implant Material: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jojorlamsihar Manalu ◽  
, Francisca Tjhay ◽  
Theodora Kristoforus
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Implant Material

Bone fracture incidence has been increasing, according to recent studies. For a fracture to heal, orthopedic implants are usually employed. One of the bioceramics used is hydroxyapatite (HAp), which has a similar chemical structure with bone mineral and is biocompatible, bioactive as well as non-toxic to the human body. Current methods of HAp synthesis are mostly still toxic to the human body and expensive. Hydroxyapatite originated from natural resources can provide more favorable materials. The purpose of this study is to characterize HAp extracted from bovine bone calcination at 850°C for various holding times as bone implant material. The toxicity of the bovine-derived HAp is also assessed. Prepared bovine bones were subjected to calcination at 850°C over various holding times. The characterization was carried out with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT- IR). The toxicity of the bovine HAp was assessed using MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Each of the parameters was compared between the HAp extracted from bovine and the commercial HAp. Analysis of the phase, purity, and crystallinity showed that the bovine-derived HAp was similar to the standard HAp. Crystal agglomeration was observed at increased calcination time. The optimal holding time of 5 hours was demonstrated through the closest Ca/P ratio (1.679) to the stoichiometric HAp (Ca/P ratio = 1.67) in EDX analysis. The toxicity test using the MTT assay showed that the viabilities of CPAE cells treated with bovine HAp were well above 60% (non-toxic threshold). In conclusion, hydroxyapatite produced from bovine bone calcination at 850°C with 5 hours of holding time has the characteristics which are similar to the commercial HAp. This natural HAp has proven to be non-toxic and also cost-effective.  

scholarly journals Real-Time Imaging of Bacteria/Osteoblast Dynamic Coculture on Bone Implant Material in an in Vitro Postoperative Contamination Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3260-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Prévost ◽  
Karine Anselme ◽  
Olivier Gallet ◽  
Mathilde Hindié ◽  
Tatiana Petithory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Real Time Imaging ◽  
Implant Material

scholarly journals Studying Biomimetic Coated Niobium as an Alternative Dental Implant Material to Titanium (in vitro and in vivo study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Implant Material

Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is widely used as dental implant material although it was found that titanium exhibited high modulus of elasticity and the lower corrosion tendency in oral environment. Niobium(Nb) was chosen for this study as an alternative to cpTi implant material due to its bioinert behavior and good elastic modulus and moderate cost in addition to corrosion resistance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of biomimetic coating on the surface properties of the commercially pure titanium and niobium implants by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro study was involved etching the samples of each material in HCl then soaking in 10M NaOH aqueous solution. These samples were then immersed in a 5 times concentrated simulated body fluid for 14 days. Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and X-Ray Diffraction tests were done to analyze surface changes. The in vivo study was done by the implantation of screw-shaped implants (two from each material, uncoated and the other was biomimetically coated) in the tibias of New Zealand rabbits. After 2 and 4 weeks of healing period, 20 rabbits were sacrificed for each period. A removal torque was done for ten animals in each group, whereas the other ten were used for histological testing and histomorphometric analysis with optical microscope.The in vitro experiments showed that the use of 14 days immersion in a concentrated simulated body fluid produced a layer of calcium phosphate on metal surfaces. The removal torque values and new bone formation were increased significantly in Nb than Ti, in coated than uncoated screws, and in 4 weeks than 2 weeks healing periods. The Nb implants had better biomechanical and biological properties than the commercially pure titanium implants and can be used as an alternative dental implant.

scholarly journals Nano-Hydroxyapatite vs. Xenografts: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Behavior

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodica Dumitrescu ◽  
Ionela Andreea Neacsu ◽  
Vasile Adrian Surdu ◽  
Adrian Ionut Nicoara ◽  
Florin Iordache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Egg Shells

This research focused on the synthesis of apatite, starting from a natural biogenic calcium source (egg-shells) and its chemical and morpho-structural characterization in comparison with two commercial xenografts used as a bone substitute in dentistry. The synthesis route for the hydroxyapatite powder was the microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique, starting from annealed egg-shells as the precursor for lime and di-base ammonium phosphate as the phosphate precursor. The powders were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and cytotoxicity assay in contact with amniotic fluid stem cell (AFSC) cultures. Compositional and structural similarities or differences between the powder synthesized from egg-shells (HA1) and the two commercial xenograft powders—Bio-Oss®, totally deproteinized cortical bovine bone, and Gen-Os®, partially deproteinized porcine bone—were revealed. The HA1 specimen presented a single mineral phase as polycrystalline apatite with a high crystallinity (Xc 0.92), a crystallite size of 43.73 nm, preferential growth under the c axes (002) direction, where it mineralizes in bone, a nano-rod particle morphology, and average lengths up to 77.29 nm and diameters up to 21.74 nm. The surface of the HA1 nanoparticles and internal mesopores (mean size of 3.3 ± 1.6 nm), acquired from high-pressure hydrothermal maturation, along with the precursor’s nature, could be responsible for the improved biocompatibility, biomolecule adhesion, and osteoconductive abilities in bone substitute applications. The cytotoxicity assay showed a better AFSC cell viability for HA1 powder than the commercial xenografts did, similar oxidative stress to the control sample, and improved results compared with Gen-Os. The presented preliminary biocompatibility results are promising for bone tissue regeneration applications of HA1, and the study will continue with further tests on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.

scholarly journals Thin TiO2 Nanocoating of Porous Titanium through Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering to Improve the Biological Response of Orthopedic Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Haghjoo ◽  
Seyed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad ◽  
Nahid Hasanzadeh Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Titanium Foam ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Titanium Specimen

: The present study applied a TiO2 nanocoating on a titanium foam substrate produced by powder metallurgy through magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate the surface morphologies of the porous specimens and pre- and post-coating phases, respectively. Also, the growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells (osteoblasts) and their attachment and proliferation on the coated porous titanium specimen (relative to the uncoated specimens) were studied using in vitro and methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity tests. Considering the porous macrostructure of the coated titanium specimen and the nanostructure of the TiO2 coating on the porous surface and macro-pore walls, the coated specimen was found to be effective in the biocompatibility improvement of dental and orthopedic implants.

scholarly journals 3D nanoscale analysis of bone healing around degrading Mg implants studied by X-ray scattering tensor tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Liebi ◽  
Viviane Lutz-Bueno ◽  
Manuel Guizar-Sicairos ◽  
Bernd M. Schönbauer ◽  
Johannes Eichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Tensor Tomography ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractThe nanostructural adaptation of bone is crucial for its compatibility with orthopedic implants. The bone’s nanostructure determines its mechanical properties, however little is known about its temporal and spatial adaptation in degrading implants. This study presents insights into this adaptation by applying electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering tensor-tomography (SASTT). We extend the SASTT reconstruction to multiple radii of the reciprocal space vector q, providing a 3D reciprocal-space map per voxel. Each scattering curve is spatially linked to one voxel in the volume, and properties such as the thickness of the mineral particles are quantified. This reconstruction provides information on nanostructural adaptation during healing around a degrading ZX10 magnesium implant over the course of 18 months, using a sham as control. The nanostructural adaptation process is observed to start with an initially fast interfacial organization towards the implant direction, followed by a substantial reorganization of the volume around the implant, and an adaptation in the later degradation stages. The study sheds light on the complex bone-implant interaction in 3D, allowing a more guided approach towards the design of future implant materials, which are expected to be of great interest for further clinical studies on the bone-implant interaction.TOC text and figureDegrading Magnesium implants are mechanically and chemically well adapted orthopedic implant materials and ensure a gradual load transfer during bone healing due to their degradation. The impact of the implant degradation on the bone nanostructure is however not fully understood. This study unveils the processes 3D and shows different stages of bone healing.

scholarly journals Prototype Orthopedic Bone Plates 3D Printed by Laser Melting Deposition

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Chioibasu ◽  
Alexandru Achim ◽  
Camelia Popescu ◽  
George Stan ◽  
Iuliana Pasuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Bone Plates ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Laser Melting Deposition

Laser melting deposition is a 3D printing method usually studied for the manufacturing of machine parts in the industry. However, for the medical sector, although feasible, applications and actual products taking advantage of this technique are only scarcely reported. Therefore, in this study, Ti6Al4V orthopedic implants in the form of plates were 3D printed by laser melting deposition. Tuning of the laser power, scanning speed and powder feed rate was conducted, in order to obtain a continuous deposition after a single laser pass and to diminish unwanted blown powder, stuck in the vicinity of the printed elements. The fabrication of bone plates is presented in detail, putting emphasis on the scanning direction, which had a decisive role in the 3D printing resolution. The printed material was investigated by optical microscopy and was found to be dense, with no visible pores or cracks. The metallographic investigations and X-ray diffraction data exposed an unusual biphasic α+β structure. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a composition very similar to the one of the starting powder material. The mapping of the surface showed a uniform distribution of elements, with no segregations or areas with deficient elemental distribution. The in vitro tests performed on the 3D printed Ti6Al4V samples in osteoblast-like cell cultures up to 7 days showed that the material deposited by laser melting is cytocompatible.

scholarly journals In Vitro Destruction of Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms by Bactericidal Metallic Nanoparticles via Laser-Induced Forward Transfer

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Alena Nastulyavichus ◽  
Eteri Tolordava ◽  
Andrey Rudenko ◽  
Darya Zazymkina ◽  
Pavel Shakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Polymeric Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Forward Transfer ◽  
Bactericidal Efficiency

A novel, successful method of bactericidal treatment of pathogenic bacterial biofilms in vitro by laser-induced forward transfer of metallic nanoparticles from a polyethylene terephthalate polymeric substrate was suggested. Transferred nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopy. The antibacterial modality of the method was tested on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) bacterial biofilms in vitro, revealing their complete destruction. The proposed simple, cost-effective and potentially mobile biofilm treatment method demonstrated its high and broad bactericidal efficiency.

Effects of Surface Integrity on In-Vitro Corrosion of Biodegradable Magnesium-Calcium Orthopedic Implants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salahshoor ◽  
Y. B. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rolling Force ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Modify Surface ◽  
Biodegradable Magnesium

Biodegradable magnesium-calcium (MgCa) alloys are capable of gradually dissolving and becoming absorbed in the human body after implantation. The critical issue that hinders the application of MgCa implants is their fast corrosion rate in human body fluids. A promising approach to tackle this issue is to tailor surface integrity of orthopedic implants for tuning the corrosion kinetic. The synergistic dry cutting and burnishing is used in this study to modify surface integrity of MgCa0.8 (wt%) implants for controlled corrosion performance. The effects of cutting speed and rolling force, as key parameters in the synergistic dry cutting-finish burnishing, on the electrochemical responses of the processed surfaces are investigated in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Potentiodynamic polarization curves are measured, and morphology and elemental composition of corroded surfaces are studied utilizing scan electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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