scholarly journals Use of Haematological Changes as a Predictor of Dengue Infection among Suspected Cases at Kairuki Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Florence Salvatory Kalabamu ◽  
Shaaban Maliki

Background: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by female Aedes mosquitoes which are commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas. There is a dramatic increase in annual incidence rate of dengue attributed to urbanisation, poor environmental management as well as increased people mobility. Outbreak of dengue have been reported in Tanzania in recent years with Dar es salaam being the most affected region. Dengue is associated with haematological derangements and itindicates the severity of the disease. These changes have not been well elucidated in Tanzanian patients. The aim of this study was to determine these derangements among dengue patients admitted at Kairuki hospital in Dar es salaam, and compare these changes with non- dengue febrile patients. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted among patients who were suspected to have dengue; tested for dengue IgM and their Complete Blood Count were tested during the index illness. This information was obtained from Kairuki hospital laboratory database. Haematological parameters were compared between dengue and non-dengue patients using SPSS Version 20.0. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine haematological predictors of dengue positive results. Results: A total of 255 patients were enrolled, whereby 188(73.7%) were dengue positive and 67 (26.3%) were negative. Dengue patients had relatively low mean total white blood cell counts compared to non-dengue patients (Student’s test= -2.7; p value=.007). Furthermore, Mean lymphocyte count was significantly low in dengue patients compared to non-dengue patients (Student’s (t) test=-5.1; p<.001). Other haematological parameters were not significantly different. Lymphopenia was a significant predictor for dengue positive results (Adjusted Odd Ration =5.26 (95% CI=2.28-12.2; P value <.001). Conclusion: Patients with dengue had significantly low total white blood cell and lymphocyte count compared to non-dengue febrile patients. Lymphopenia is a significant haematological predictor for dengue positive results. Case defining signs and symptoms combined with these haematological changes may be used by clinicians as a guide to order confirmatory test for suspected dengue cases.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Gebremichail ◽  
Brhane Tesfanchal ◽  
Getachew Belay ◽  
Gebreslassie Gebremariam ◽  
Gebreyohans Teklehaymanot ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Hematological abnormalities are common in visceral leishmaniasis patients, which is one of the main public health problems worldwide. The most common hematological abnormalities are anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the hematological alteration among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending Western Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019. Method: Hospital based comparative cross sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 in Western Tigrai, Ethiopia. A total of 100 Visceral Leishmaniasis patients and 100 control groups were included in this study. Blood was collected and analyzed by mindray BC-5800 hematology analyzer. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical package for social science version 23. Student independent t-test was used for data analysis. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Result: From the total 100 visceral leishmaniasis patients the following abnormalities were reported: 96(96%) anemia, 95(95%) leucopenia, 92(92%) neutropenia, 73(73%) Lymphopenia, 45(45%) eosinopenia and 97(97%) had thrombocytopenia. Red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices and platelet were significantly lower (p<0.05) in visceral leishmaniasis patients compared with the control groups. Similarly the total White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil count were significantly lower (p<0.05) in visceral leishmaniasis patients compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The major changes in peripheral blood of patient with visceral leishmaniasis are reduced number of red blood cells, reduction in leukocytes and decreased platelet count. Visceral leishmaniasis patients presented with anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. So this finding indicates that visceral leishmaniasis causes alterations of hematological parameters. Key words: Amastigote, Anemia, Hematological Parameters, Promastigote, Visceral leishmaniasis, Ethiopia .


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher Bahadur ◽  
Fawad Rahim ◽  
Said Amin ◽  
Mohammad Noor ◽  
Afsheen Mahmood ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundAvailable research compared serum biomarkers such as lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase and D-dimers to predict survival in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19. This study aims to compare these biomarkers among survivors and non-survivors of severe COVID-19. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study based on patient’s data retrieved from Hospital Information System. Sixty-nine patients for whom a record of the biomarkers and survival status was available, were included in the study. For every patient, baseline and peak values were selected for CRP level, serum ferritin level, serum LDH level and serum D-Dimer level. Similarly, baseline and trough levels were selected for lymphocytes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviation was used to compare the biomarkers with paired t-test. P value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 55.5±9.1 years and 72.5% were male. Among survivors, the increase in CRP level was not significant (from 15.80±9.8 mg/dl to 17.87 ±8.4 mg/dl, p=0.45) while among the non-survivor, the increase in CRP level was significant (from 16.68± 10.90 mg/dl to 20.77±12.69 mg/dl, p=0.04). There was no significant rise in serum LDH levels in survivors (from 829.59±499 U/L to 1018.6±468 U/L, p=0.20) while there was a statistically significant increase in serum LDH level in non-survivors (from 816.2±443.08 U/L to 1056.61±480.54 U/L, p=0.003). Lymphocyte count decreased significantly in both survivors (p=0.001) and non-survivors (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant elevation in serum ferritin among the survivors and non-survivors (p > 0.05). The D-Dimer level increased significantly in both survivors (p=0.01) and non-survivors (p=0.001).Conclusions In severe COVID-19 patients, serum CRP and LDH can be used for risk stratification and predicting survival. Lymphopenia, increase in serum ferritin and D-dimers may not predict survival.Trial Registration Not applicable


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Abdul-Hakim Mutala ◽  
Kingsley Badu ◽  
Christian Owusu ◽  
Samuel Kekeli Agordzo ◽  
Austine Tweneboah ◽  
...  

Background: This study aimed at investigating haematological changes in malaria patients across different demographic settlements. Malaria parasites trigger changes in certain haematological parameters, which may result in a number of clinical manifestations. Differences in demographic settlements, such as rural, peri-urban and urban settlements, may also influence these changes, but this has rarely been studied. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional study from January to December 2018 in three different settlements. A total of 598 participants were recruited. Giemsa-stained blood smears were examined to detect and quantify malaria parasitaemia, while haematological parameters were measured using a haematology analyser. Results: The rural settlement had the highest malaria prevalence compared to the other study communities (p=0.009). The difference in parasite densities across the three communities was also significant (p=0.0149). When the malaria-infected population was compared to the uninfected, there were differences in red blood cell count (p=0.0170), haemoglobin levels (p=0.0165), mean corpuscular volume (p=0.0139) and platelet counts (p<0.0001). The difference in median white blood cell (p-value <0.0001), neutrophil (p-value <0.0001) and lymphocyte (p-value <0.0269) count were significantly higher in infected patients from the peri-urban area compared to malaria patients from the rural and urban areas. There were also significant differences in platelet (p=0.0002), plateletcrit (p=0.0041), mean platelet volume (p=0.0009) and platelet large cell ratio (p=0.0046) levels between patients from the urban, peri-urban and rural areas. Conclusions: Patients infected with malaria generally had low red blood cell, haemoglobin and platelets in comparison to uninfected patients. There were also significant differences in several haematological parameters between malaria-infected patients from the three demographic settlements. Atypical results from routine haematological assays, especially findings of anaemia and thrombocytopenia, may be indicative of malaria and, in cases where the infection is asymptomatic, may improve diagnosis by prompting a more thorough search for the parasite in the peripheral circulation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Entia Nopa ◽  
Ranissa Dwi Imansari ◽  
Irwandi Rachman

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Kulit Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Kota Jambi 1Entianopa, 2Ranissa Dwi Imansari, 3Irwandi Rachman       123Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKES Harapan Ibu, Jambi   Abstrak Latar Belakang: Kulit merupakan organ terbesar pada tubuh manusia yang membungkus otot-otot dan organ-organ dalam serta merupakan jalinan jaringan pembuluh darah, saraf, dan kelenjar yang tidak berujung, semuanya memiliki potensi untuk terserang penyakit yang salah satunya adalah penyakit kulit. Penyakit kulit merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh pekerja pengangkut sampah. Berdasarkan komposisi sampah yang diangkut serta waktu paparan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara masa kerja, pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah di Kota Jambi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian yaitu sebanyak 62 pekerja pengangkut sampah yang berada di Kantor Pekerjaan Umum dan Penata Ruang, yang mana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan kesehatan oleh dokter dan dengan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil: Hasil menunjukan bahwa pekerja yang mengalami penyakit kulit sebanyak 35 pekerja (56,5%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis chi-square didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara masa kerja dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah dimana nilai (p-value= 0,006), Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) nilai (p-value= 0,008), personal hygiene nilai (p-value= 0,008). Kesimpulan: Untuk meminimalisir risiko terjadinya penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah disarankan perlunya disusun standar operasional prosedur yang aman, penyediaan sarana sanitasi agar dapat mengurangi resiko terkena penyakit kulit. Pentingnya pemakaian APD dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat selama bekerja, serta diharapkan pekerja menggunakan APD pada saat bekerja dan lebih memperhatikan personal hygiene.   Kata kunci      : Masa Kerja, APD, Personal Hygiene


Author(s):  
Dina Dewi Anggraini

ABSTRACT   The study aims todetermine the relationship between parenting style and the level of independence of Personal Hygiene Hand Wasting and Tooth Brush in Preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. The study is a quantitative study, based on the research location including the type of field reseaerch, based on the ansence of the treatment of subjects including survey research, based on time is a cross sectional study, and based on objectives includin correlation analytics. The population in this study were all parents in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora as many as 85 respondents. Based on the sample calculation, the sample obtained in this study that most parent in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora amounted to 70 respondents. Srearmen’s rho test analysis results parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene hand wasting result obtained p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), and parenting patters with the independence of personal hygiene tooth brush obtained results p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). So it can be concluded that were is a significant relationship between parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene washing hands and brushing their tooth at preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. Keywords: parenting; personal hygiene, preschool ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Personal Hygiene Cuci Tangan dan Gogok Gigi pada Anak Prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, berdasarkan tempat penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan, berdasarkan tidak adanya perlakuan terhadap subjek termasuk penelitian survey, berdasarkan waktu merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dan berdasarkan tujuan termasuk analitik korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 85 responden. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel  maka diperoleh sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebagian orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 70 responden. Hasil analisis uji spearmen’s rho pola asuh orangtua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), dan pola asuh orangtua dengan kemandirian personal hygiene gosok gigi didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan dan gosok gigi pada anak prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Kata kunci: pola asuh; personal hygiene; prasekolah


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dedeh Husnaniyah

Tuberkulosis Paru merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dampak TB Paru adalah penurunan daya tahan tubuh, kelemahan fisik, merugikan secara ekonomis dan dapat mengakibatkan isolasi sosial. Keadaan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi harga diri penderita TB Paru. Perubahan harga diri pada penderita TB Paru dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan, sehingga dibutuhkan adanya dukungan keluarga. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap harga diri penderita TB Paru di Wilayah Puskesmas Eks Kawedanan Indramayu tahun 2015. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tekhnik total sampling sebayak 45 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penderita TB Paru yang memiliki harga diri tinggi sebanyak 23 responden (51,1%) dan yang memiliki harga diri rendah sebanyak 22 responden (48,9%), penderita TB Paru yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga sebanyak 26 responden (57,8 %) dan yang tidak mendapatkandukungan keluarga sebanyak 19 (42,2 %). Responden yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga lebih banyak yang memiliki harga diri tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan keluarga yaitu 69,6% dengan nilai p value = 0,047 (< 0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungandukungan keluarga denganharga diri penderita TB Paru. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemegang program TB untuk memberikan konseling terkait pentingnya dukungan keluarga bagi penderita TB Paru.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Noviyani Hartuti

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea dan paritas terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analitik dengan melakukan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea dan paritas terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar. Secara keseluruhan jumlah populasi yang ada sebanyak 177 orang dan didapatkan besar sampel sebanyak 177 orang dengan menggunakan tekhnik Total Sampling. Dari hasil analisis hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea terhadap kejadian plasenta previa yang memiliki riwayat sectio caesarea dan mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 1 orang (0,6%), sedangkan ibu yang tidak mengalami plasenta previa  sebanyak  9 orang (5,1%), dari paritas ibu dengan paritas tinggi yang mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 9 orang (5,1%) dan yang tidak mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 53 orang (29,9%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar dengan nilai P-value (0,543), dan ada hubungan antara paritas terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar dengan nilai P-value (0,010).  Kesimpulan dari dua variabel yaitu riwayat sectio caesarea tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian plasenta previa sedangkan paritas memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar tahun 2018


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Mary-Joe Youssef ◽  
Antoine Aoun ◽  
Aline Issa ◽  
Lana El-Osta ◽  
Nada El-Osta ◽  
...  

Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing worldwide and the related chronic symptoms can be associated with morbidity and poor quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify foods and beverages consumed by the Lebanese population, dietary habits, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, health parameters and perceived stress, implicated in increasing GERD symptoms. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried among Lebanese adults in 2016. A convenient sample of 264 participants was equally divided into a GERD group and a control group. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, health status and dietary habits including Lebanese traditional dishes were collected. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was also used to assess the participants’ perception of stress. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with GERD symptoms (presence or absence) being the dependent variable. Results: The GERD symptoms were significantly associated with age (-p-value=0.017), family history of GERD symptoms (-p-value<0.001), smoking (-p-value=0.003) and chronic medical conditions (-p-value<.001). Regarding the dietary factors, participants who ate three meals or less/day, between meals and outside homes were 2.5, 2.9 and 2.4 times at a higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms than others, respectively. Moreover, the logistic regression model showed that the GERD symptoms were significantly associated with the consumption of coffee (-p-value=0.037), Lebanese sweets (-p-value=0.027), fried foods (-p-value=0.031), ‘Labneh’ with garlic (-p-value<0.001), pomegranate molasses (-p-value=0.011), and tomatoes (-p-value=0.007). Conclusion: Some specific lifestyle factors and components of the Lebanese Mediterranean diet could be associated with GERD symptoms.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Banda

BACKGROUND Occupational conditions are deadly health hazards especially where dust exposure is inevitable causing chronic disabilities, impaired respiratory function and ultimately leading to death if no intensive measures are put in place. Unhealthy practices and negative attitudes rise in the number of cases of pneumoconiosis due to poor health education and awareness strategies. Pneumoconiosis is not only a health problem but also a social and economic burden on the livelihood of people living in mining areas around the globe. OBJECTIVE to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed to conduct a research in Wusakile Township and a questionnaire was customized in order to syphon data relevant to the study as well to be brief. The study was conducted among 73 participants who were randomly selected among miners and post-occupational miners and all satisfied the inclusion criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. The data was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Among 73 participants interviewed, 33.99% of participants had poor knowledge on the complications of pneumoconiosis. However, despite this poor knowledge, all participants had an idea about pneumoconiosis particularly silicosis. 13.70% of the respondents had bad practices towards pneumoconiosis while 86.30% had some good practices towards pneumoconiosis. Of the total participants, 19.18% of the participants had a negative attitude towards pneumoconiosis. Correlation between the level of education and practices of participants using Pearson Chi-Square, a p value of 0.021 (significant) was found ruling out the null hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Information about pneumoconiosis and awareness programs towards pneumoconiosis are not widely disseminated among miners and post-occupational miners. There is still a significant number of participants who need to be educated more about pneumoconiosis and its complications so that attitude and practices are improved and also promote full community participation by involving competent health professionals to help in implementing preventive measures.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Chalela

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants


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