scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Asymptomatic Carriers on the spread of Infectious Diseases: An interaction-based Model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Ravid ◽  
Abraham Seidmann
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
The Impact

Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033
Author(s):  
Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes after Introduction of a Dedicated Infectious Diseases- Critical Care Medicine Service in Critical Care Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Trachuk ◽  
Vagish Hemmige ◽  
Ruth Eisenberg ◽  
Kelsie Cowman ◽  
Victor Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Critical Care Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Infection is a leading cause of admission to intensive care units (ICU), with critically ill patients often receiving empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nevertheless, a dedicated infectious diseases (ID) consultation and stewardship team is not routinely established. An ID-Critical Care Medicine (ID-CCM) pilot program was designed at a 400-bed tertiary care hospital in which an ID attending was assigned to participate in daily rounds with the ICU team, as well as provide ID consultation on select patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of this dedicated ID program on antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the ICU. Method In this single site retrospective study, we analyzed antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to an ICU during post-intervention period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 and compared it to antibiotic utilization in the same ICUs during the pre-intervention period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Results Our data showed a statistically significant reduction in usage of most frequently prescribed antibiotics including vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime during the intervention period. When compared to pre-intervention period there was no difference in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and re-admission. Conclusion With this multidisciplinary intervention, we saw a decrease in the use of the most frequently prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics without a negative impact on clinical outcomes. Our study shows that the implementation of an ID-CCM service is a feasible way to promote antibiotic stewardship in the ICU and can be used as a strategy to reduce unnecessary patient exposure to broad-spectrum agents.

scholarly journals The impact of infectious diseases consultation on the management and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in adults: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Chiong ◽  
Mohammed S. Wasef ◽  
Kwee Chin Liew ◽  
Raquel Cowan ◽  
Danny Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Source Control ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
Staphylococcal Aureus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia (PAB) is associated with high mortality. The benefits of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) has been demonstrated in Staphylococcal aureus bacteraemia and other complex infections. Impact of IDC in PAB is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of IDC on the management and outcomes in patients with PAB. Methods This is a retrospective cohort single-centre study from 1 November 2006 to 29 May 2019, in all adult patients admitted with first episode of PAB. Data collected included demographics, clinical management and outcomes for PAB and whether IDC occurred. In addition, 29 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) stored isolates were available for Illumina whole genome sequencing to investigate if pathogen factors contributed to the mortality. Results A total of 128 cases of PAB were identified, 71% received IDC. Patients who received IDC were less likely to receive inappropriate duration of antibiotic therapy (4.4%; vs 67.6%; p < 0.01), more likely to be de-escalated to oral antibiotic in a timely manner (87.9% vs 40.5%; p < 0.01), undergo removal of infected catheter (27.5% vs 13.5%; p = 0.049) and undergo surgical intervention (20.9% vs 5.4%, p = 0.023) for source control. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 24.2% and was significantly higher in the no IDC group in both unadjusted (56.8% vs 11.0%, odds ratio [OR] = 10.63, p < 0.001) and adjusted analysis (adjusted OR = 7.84; 95% confidence interval, 2.95–20.86). The genotypic analysis did not reveal any PA genetic features associated with increased mortality between IDC versus no IDC groups. Conclusion Patients who received IDC for PAB had lower 30-day mortality, better source control and management was more compliant with guidelines. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine if these results can be validated in other settings.

scholarly journals Threshold Effects of Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Livestock Prices: Cases of African Swine Fever and Avian Influenza in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5114
Author(s):  
Hyung-Chul Rah ◽  
Hyeon-Woong Kim ◽  
Aziz Nasridinov ◽  
Wan-Sup Cho ◽  
Seo-Hwa Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we demonstrate the threshold effects of infectious diseases on livestock prices. Daily retail prices of pork and chicken were used as structured data; news and SNS mentions of African Swine Fever (ASF) and Avian Influenza (AI) were used as unstructured data. Models were tested for the threshold effects of disease-related news and SNS frequencies, specifically those related to ASF and AI, on the retail prices of pork and chicken, respectively. The effects were found to exist, and the values of ASF-related news on pork prices were estimated to be −9 and 8, indicating that the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model can be divided into three regimes. The coefficients of the ASF-related SNS frequencies on pork prices were 1.1666, 0.2663 and −0.1035 for regimes 1, 2 and 3, respectively, suggesting that pork prices increased by 1.1666 Korean won in regime 1 when ASF-related SNS frequencies increased. To promote pork consumption by SNS posts, the required SNS frequencies were estimated to have impacts as great as one standard deviation in the pork price. These values were 247.057, 1309.158 and 2817.266 for regimes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The impact response periods for pork prices were estimated to last 48, 6, and 8 days for regimes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. When the prediction accuracies of the TAR and autoregressive (AR) models with regard to pork prices were compared for the root mean square error, the prediction accuracy of the TAR model was found to be slightly better than that of the AR. When the threshold effect of AI-related news on chicken prices was tested, a linear relationship appeared without a threshold effect. These findings suggest that when infectious diseases such as ASF occur for the first time, the impact on livestock prices is significant, as indicated by the threshold effect and the long impact response period. Our findings also suggest that the impact on livestock prices is not remarkable when infectious diseases occur multiple times, as in the case of AI. To date, this study is the first to suggest the use of SNS to promote meat consumption.

scholarly journals Pathogens: Journal Section Readjustment

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Impact

The impact of infectious diseases on human life is incalculable [...]

Infectious Diseases as a Factor Influencing Demography. Historical and Medical Aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kaspruk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Aspect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improving Health Care

Taking into consideration the forecasts that infectious diseases will pose a significant risk of increasing mortality, as well as shortening life expectancy in the next period of time, an assessment of the impact of infectious diseases on demography in the historical and medical aspect allows us to confirm the existence of uniform combinations in creating a counter-strategy for improving health care. There is no doubt about the historical priority of preventive measures. In this sense, the scoring of infections according to the rating of ''demographic tension'' fully admits the possibility of identifying a vector for improving the work on combating infectious diseases.

Fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai jelenségek: a szürkezóna jelentősége

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (38) ◽  
pp. 1526-1532
Author(s):  
András Zóka ◽  
Béla Kádár ◽  
Eszter Vad
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Naive Theories ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

Összefoglaló. A fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai kórképekre különösen jellemző, hogy mind etiológiai tényezőikben, mind klinikai képükben rendkívül heterogének. Az átfedő és inkomplett megjelenési formák nem ritkák, ami a diagnosztika standardizálását nehezíti. Egyes, a fertőzésekhez opcionálisan kapcsolódó tünetek megfigyelése már több mint egy évszázaddal ezelőtt elvezetett a gócelmélet megszületéséhez, amely eredeti formájában leginkább elnagyolt és naiv feltételezéseken alapult. Folyamatosan bővülő ismereteink ugyanakkor egyre több esetben támasztják alá, hogy az átvészelt, esetleg krónikus vagy perzisztáló fertőzések, illetve a mikrobiom összetétele számos ponton lehet befolyással immunológiai, metabolikus és endokrin homeosztázisunkra. A jelen munkában az ismert összefüggéseket, illetve a meghaladott feltételezéseket is röviden érintve megkíséreljük a rendelkezésre álló ismereteken keresztül áttekinteni a fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai jelenségek szürkezónáját, azon kórtani folyamatokat és tüneteket, amelyek létezése igazolható, de terápiás következményeik az egyén szintjén egyelőre bizonytalanok. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1526–1532. Summary. Immunologic phenomena related to infections are well known to be truly heterogeneous, both regarding their etiology and the clinical picture. Overlapping symptoms and incomplete presentations are not seldom, which often constitute diagnostic challenge. Certain, optional complications of infectious diseases led to the creation of the focal infection theory more than a century ago, although only on the basis of assumptions derived from elusive and naive theories. However, an expanding body of evidence ever since did underline the impact of previous and persistent infections on the immunologic, metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. Besides briefly touching the well-defined diseases, as well as the outdated theories of this field, we aim to provide an overview of the grey zone of infection-related immunologic phenomena, the existence of which is biologically well established, however, their true significance on an individual basis remains uncertain. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1526–1532.

scholarly journals The Impact of Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases of Vulvar on Quality of Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kıymet Handan Kelekçi ◽  
Selçuk Özyurt ◽  
Bülent Özkan ◽  
Şemsettin Karaca ◽  
Ali Karakuzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Live wildlife trade in markets - a scoping review to inform risk assessment of emerging infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J Brookes ◽  
Okta Wismandanu ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Justin A Roby ◽  
Lynne Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
The Impact

Wet markets are important for food security in many regions worldwide but have come under scrutiny due to their potential role in the emergence of infectious diseases. The sale of live wildlife has been highlighted as a particular risk, and the World Health Organisation has called for the banning of live, wild-caught mammalian species in markets unless risk assessment and effective regulations are in place. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a global scoping review of peer-reviewed information about the sale of live, terrestrial wildlife in markets that are likely to sell fresh food, and collated data about the characteristics of such markets, activities involving live wildlife, the species sold, their purpose, and animal, human, and environmental health risks that were identified. Of the 59 peer-reviewed records within scope, only 25% (n = 14) focussed on disease risks; the rest focused on the impact of wildlife sale on conservation. Although there were some global patterns (for example, the types of markets and purpose of sale of wildlife), there was wide diversity and huge epistemic uncertainty in all aspects associated with live, terrestrial wildlife sale in markets such that the feasibility of accurate assessment of the risk of emerging infectious disease associated with live wildlife trade in markets is limited. Given the value of both wet markets and wildlife trade and the need to support food affordability and accessibility, conservation, public health, and the social and economic aspects of livelihoods of often vulnerable people, there are major information gaps that need to be addressed to develop evidence-based policy in this environment. This review identifies these gaps and provides a foundation from which information for risk assessments can be collected.

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