scholarly journals Influence of alfalfa residue and different-source biochars on the chemical properties of a saline-sodic soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Noori ◽  
Mohammad-Amir Delavar ◽  
Yaser Safari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Regulatory Effects

A pot experiment was done aimed to improve the chemical properties of a saline-sodic soil using individual application of alfalfa residue and two biochars, produced from sugarcane bagasse and walnut shell and their concomitant application with gypsum, aluminum sulfate and mixture of these two chemical amendments. Organic and chemical amendments were added to the soil at the weighting ratio of 2.5% and as the soil gypsum requirement, respectively. After two months of incubation, soil samples were measured for soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and the results were analyzed by SPSS software applying ANOVA. The results showed that organic amendments caused a reduction in soil pH and enhanced soil EC and SAR; whereas addition of gypsum and/or aluminum sulfate with biochars intensified their regulatory effects. It can be concluded that application of walnut-shell biochar with mixture of gypsum and aluminum sulfate to the saline-sodic soils has the best efficiency to reclaim the chemical soil properties. Soil leaching, as a supplementary procedure, however, is necessary to complete the improving effects of organic and/or chemical application to the soil.

scholarly journals The response of saline-sodic soils to reclamation using biological and organic amendments under arid regions of Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hafez ◽  
Alexander I. Popov ◽  
Mohamed Rashad
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
And Control

The study focused on investigating the contribution of reclamation strategies of saline-sodic soils and their impacts on soil fertility characteristics. In this study, the soil treatments were denoted as: SG1 and SG2 (23.8 and 47.7 ton/ha of spent grain); TC1 and TC2 (23.8 and 47.6 ton/ha of compost); Azospirillium in inoculation with seed and soil (Az); Az + SG1 (Az+SG1); Az + TC1 (Az+TC1); mineral fertilizers (NPK); and control (CK). All treatments were mixed in pots with 30 kg soil. The results showed that reclamation with Az and SG2 treatments significantly affected soil pH, EC, and macronutrients. In contrast, no significant (P > 0.05) effects were found with the two compost levels and NPK treatments. The salt contents were maximal in the control treatment, while decreased with Az, SG2, and Az+SG treatments. However, SG2 application decreased the soluble Na+ concentrations in soil solution. The effect of organic and biological reclamations on chemical properties was in the following order: Az+SG > SG2 > Az > TC2 > Az+M > SG1 > TC1 > NPK > CK. Moreover, it positively impacted the salt contents, which improved soil chemical properties in the saline-sodic soil after three months of seed sowing in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Reclaiming Tropical Saline-Sodic Soils with Gypsum and Cow Manure

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonçalo Filho ◽  
Nildo da Silva Dias ◽  
Stella Ribeiro Prazeres Suddarth ◽  
Jorge F. S. Ferreira ◽  
Ray G. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Semi Arid

Saline-sodic soils are a major impediment for agricultural production in semi-arid regions. Salinity and sodicity drastically reduce agricultural crop yields, damage farm equipment, jeopardize food security, and render soils unusable for agriculture. However, many farmers in developing semi-arid regions cannot afford expensive amendments to reclaim saline-sodic soils. Furthermore, existing research does not cover soil types (e.g., Luvisols and Lixisols) that are found in many semi-arid regions of South America. Therefore, we used percolation columns to evaluate the effect of inexpensive chemical and organic amendments (gypsum and cow manure) on the reclamation of saline-sodic soils in the northeast of Brazil. Soil samples from two layers (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm in depth) were collected and placed in percolation columns. Then, we applied gypsum into the columns, with and without cow manure. The experiment followed a complete randomized design with three replications. The chemical amendment treatments included a control and four combinations of gypsum and cow manure. Percolation columns were subjected to a constant flood layer of 55 mm. We evaluated the effectiveness of sodic soil reclamation treatments via changes in soil hydraulic conductivity, chemical composition (cations and anions), electrical conductivity of the saturated soil-paste extract, pH, and the exchangeable sodium percentage. These results suggest that the combined use of gypsum and cow manure is better to reduce soil sodicity, improve soil chemical properties, and increase water infiltration than gypsum alone. Cow manure at 40 ton ha−1 was better than at 80 ton ha−1 to reduce the sodium adsorption ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of four organic amendments on soil physiochemical properties and yield of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) intercrop in Awka, southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A.O. Onunwa ◽  
C.J. Nwaiwu ◽  
J.E. Nwankwor ◽  
C.E. Emeh ◽  
C.O. Madueke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Effects of four organic amendments on some soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in Awka, Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria. Over the years, use of synthetic materials in crop production has been a common practice globally. The attendant detrimental effects of the chemicals used in the formulation of these synthetics on animal and human health as well as the environment has made researchers to look out for a better agronomic practice that would not only improve productivity but at the same time sustain a healthy environment. Sole maize, sole cowpea and maize-cowpea intercrop (study area conventional practices) were planted using four soil organic amendments viz: cassava peel (CP), poultry manure (PM), pig waste (PW) and rice husk (RH) at the rate of 20 t ha–1 with the fifth as the control. The treatments were laid out in a 3 × 5 factorial in randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Data on the treatments’ effects on the selected soil physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, soil moisture) and chemical properties (soil pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, exchangeable bases and exchangeable acidity) were subjected to factorial analysis of variance using GenStat 2006 Edition. Results indicated that for sole maize, the amendments had significant effect onexchangeable Al3+and Na+; organic carbon, soil pH, available phosphorus and CEC but had no significant effect on Ca2+, H+, Mg2+ and K+ as compared to the control. For sole cowpea, compared to the plots with no amendment (control), all the chemical parameters analyzed differed significantly except organic carbon. Whereas, for maize-cowpea intercrop the treatments had no significant effect on Al3+, Na+, K+ and available phosphorus but differed significantly in exchangeable H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, organic carbon, soil pH, and CEC. There was a decrease in bulk density following the amendment. For sole maize, sole cowpea and maizecowpea intercrop; bulk density, total porosity and moisture content of the amended plots were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced. Organic amendments also significantly improved the growth and yield of maize and cowpea in both the sole and intercrop systems. Generally, poultry manure resulted in higher plant height,number of leaves and leaf area for maize; vine length, number of branches for cowpea as compared with other amendments. Hence, poultry manure was the most effective organic amendment in improving the soil physical and chemical properties as well as the growth and yield of cowpea and maize. Key words: Growth, maize-cowpea intercrop, soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic amendments

scholarly journals Amelioration of a saline sodic soil through cultivation of a salt-tolerant grass Leptochloa fusca

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akhter ◽  
K. Mahmood ◽  
K.A. Malik ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Kallar Grass

Reclamation of saline lands seems difficult for climatic and economic reasons, but cultivation of salt-tolerant plants is an approach to increasing productivity and improvement of salt-affected wastelands. A five-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of growing a salt-tolerant species Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth (kallar grass) on chemical properties of a saline sodic soil irrigated with poor quality groundwater. Soil salinity, sodicity and pH decreased exponentially by growing kallar grass as a result of leaching of salts from surface (0–20 cm) to lower depths (>100 cm). Concentrations of soluble cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (Cl−, SO42− and HCO3−) were reduced through to greater soil depths. A significant decline in soil pH was attributed to release of CO2 by grass roots and solublization of CaCO3. Both soil salinity and soil pH were significantly correlated with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, HCO3− and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Significant correlations were found between soluble cations (Na+, Ca2+ and K+), soluble anions (Cl−, SO42− and HCO3−) and the SAR. In contrast, there were negative correlations between soil organic matter content and all chemical properties. The ameliorative effects on the soil chemical environment were pronounced after three years of growing kallar grass. Cultivation of kallar grass enhanced leaching and interactions among soil chemical properties and thus restored soil fertility. The soil maintained the improved characteristics with further growth of the grass up to five years suggesting that growing salt-tolerant plants is a sustainable approach to biological amelioration of saline wastelands.

scholarly journals Co-application of a biosolids product and biochar to two coarse-textured pasture soils influenced microbial N cycling genes and potential for N leaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjutha Shanmugam ◽  
Sasha N. Jenkins ◽  
Bede S. Mickan ◽  
Noraini Md Jaafar ◽  
Falko Mathes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microbial N ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractCo-application of biochar and biosolids to soil has potential to mitigate N leaching due to physical and chemical properties of biochar. Changes in N cycling pathways in soil induced by co-application of biological amendments could further mitigate N loss, but this is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether co-application of a biochar and a modified biosolids product to three pasture soils differing in texture could alter the relative abundance of N cycling genes in soil sown with subterranean clover. The biosolids product contained lime and clay and increased subterranean clover shoot biomass in parallel with increases in soil pH and soil nitrate. Its co-application with biochar similarly increased plant growth and soil pH with a marked reduction in nitrate in two coarse textured soils but not in a clayey soil. While application of the biosolids product altered in silico predicted N cycling functional genes, there was no additional change when applied to soil in combination with biochar. This supports the conclusion that co-application of the biochar and biosolids product used here has potential to mitigate loss of N in coarse textured soils due to N adsoption by the biochar and independently of microbial N pathways.

scholarly journals A short-term comparison of organic v. conventional agriculture in a silty loam soil using two organic amendments

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. HERENCIA ◽  
J. C. RUIZ ◽  
S. MELERO ◽  
P. A. GARCIA GALAVÍS ◽  
C. MAQUEDA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

SUMMARYThe transition from conventional to organic farming is accompanied by changes in soil chemical properties and processes that could affect soil fertility. The organic system is very complex and the present work carries out a short-term comparison of the effects of organic and conventional agriculture on the chemical properties of a silty loam soil (Xerofluvent) located in the Guadalquivir River Valley, Seville, Spain, through a succession of five crop cycles over a 3-year period. Crop rotation and varieties were compared in a conventional system using inorganic fertilizer and two organic systems using either plant compost or manure. At the end of the study, organic farming management resulted in higher soil organic carbon (OC), N and available P, K, Fe and Zn. The available Mn and especially Cu values did not show significant differences. In general, treatment with manure resulted in more rapid increases in soil nutrient values than did plant compost, which had an effect on several crop cycles later. The present study demonstrated that the use of organic composts results in an increase in OC and the storage of nutrients, which can provide long-term fertility benefits. Nevertheless, at least 2–3 years of organic management are necessary, depending on compost characteristics, to observe significant differences. Average crop yields were 23% lower in organic crops. Nevertheless, only two crops showed statistically significant differences.

Causes and prediction of changes in extractable phosphorus during flooding

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
P Release ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
No Release ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
A Minor

In a laboratory experiment, samples of 18 soils, which are known to be flooded in the field, were flooded for up to 32 days. Both untreated and phosphate-treated (50 mg P kg-1) soils were studied. It was attempted to identify which chemical properties measured on the dry untreated soils, and the changes in pH, Eh and extractable Fe and Mn over the flooding periods, controlled the changes in sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) extractable phosphorus during flooding. It was shown that the reduction of iron(III) oxides was the dominant source of the P released during flooding. However, the amount of P released was strongly inhibited by re-sorption. Direct measurement of the amount of iron(III) reduced during flooding and measurement of phosphate sorption were required to predict the amount of P released during flooding. Organic matter contributed toward the P released during flooding. Its contribution appeared to be by mineralization, rather than by accelerating FeIII reduction. The reduction of MnIII and MnIII was a minor source of P in the untreated soils. Changes in soil pH during flooding were responsible for desorption of freshly applied P, but did not appear to affect P release in the untreated soils. The Vertisols and some of the Alfisols showed very little, or no release of P during flooding.

scholarly journals Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Jiu-Yu Li ◽  
Chen-Yang Xu ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

scholarly journals Liming Effects of Sawdust Ash and Lime on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield in Acidic Soil of Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. V. Ogbenna ◽  
V. E. Osodeke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Head Weight

Aim: A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sawdust ash and lime (Ca(OH)2) on soil characteristics and yield of sunflower in acidic soil of southeastern Nigeria. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, using sawdust ash (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t ha-1) as the sub plot and lime (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 t ha-1) as the main plot. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted outdoors at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2010 planting season. Materials and Methods: Treatment combinations were applied to the 60 buckets containing soil, mixed thoroughly and watered adequately. After 1 week of treatment application, two sunflower seeds were planted and later thinned to one seedling per bucket. Plant growth and yield data were collected. Pre planting and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil properties. Results: Results showed that with the exception of organic carbon there was significant effect of treatments on all soil chemical properties. Lime and sawdust ash (SDA) as single and combined treatments significantly increased total nitrogen (P=0.05), available phosphorus (P<0.010), and base saturation (P<0.012). The interaction between SDA and lime significantly (P=0.05) increased total exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity, while soil pH was significantly increased (P=0.05) by single applications. The increases in soil chemical properties led to significant positive response of the sunflower. With the exception of number of leaves, other plant parameters (Plant height, stem diameter, head weight, 50 seed weight, head diameter) had significant increases for sawdust ash alone at P=0.05. Correlation studies showed positive significant relationship between soil pH and sunflower yield. Conclusion: The study showed that sunflower performed best at the combination of 3 tha-1 SDA and 1.5 t ha-1 lime producing a mean head weight of 45.4 g.

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