scholarly journals Inflammaging in skin and intrinsic underlying factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Aioi
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Aging of organs starts from the time of birth and continues throughout life. Aging of skin can be divided into two distinct types—intrinsic aging and extrinsic, based on the fact that the skin is the outermost organ exposed to the external environment. However, despite their different histological features and triggers, intrinsic and extrinsic aging share common biochemical mechanisms. β-galactosidase, p16INK4a, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors are detected in skin cells as biomarkers of senescence. In particular, inflammatory cytokines, the constituents of SASP, play pivotal roles in “inflammaging” which is a concept involving the relationship between aging and low-grade inflammation. In this review, the features of skin aging and its underlying mechanism of skin aging are summarized.

Associação entre obesidade e resultados graves do tratamento em pacientes com COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (47) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Giordana Gregório Fritsch ◽  
Michael Wesley Schmidt ◽  
Antônio Carlos Gargioni Filho ◽  
Hussein Nasser Fares
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Activation Component

The worldwide population is facing a double burden of epidemic, the COVID-19and obesity. This is even more alarming as obesity increases the COVID-19 severity. However, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity is more complex than a simple association with BMI. In particular, obesity has been associated with low death rates in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a fatal comorbidity to COVID-19, possibly due to the obesity paradox. Also, visceral adiposity could be a major risk factor for COVID- -19severity, due to its immune activation component, release of ACE2 and involvement in the cytokine storm, It is also known to correlate with metabolic disorders, low-grade inflammation and higher mortality rates.

scholarly journals Relationship between Gout and Diabetes Mellitus after Acute Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaelim Cho ◽  
Nicola Dalbeth ◽  
Maxim S. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Objective.After acute pancreatitis, individuals often have low-grade inflammation, and subsequently develop metabolic sequelae such as post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM). Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between gout and type 2 diabetes, little is known about the relationship between gout and PPDM. The aim was to investigate the associations between gout and PPDM.Methods.Using nationwide pharmaceutical dispensing data linked to hospital discharge data in New Zealand, gout and PPDM were identified among individuals after first episode of acute pancreatitis between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, social deprivation index, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, comorbidities, medications (glucocorticoids, statins, and estrogens), and characteristics of acute pancreatitis.Results.A total of 10,117 individuals were included in the analysis of risk for gout and 9471 in the analysis of risk for PPDM. PPDM was significantly associated with a higher risk of gout in the overall cohort (adjusted HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.15–3.06) and women (2.72, 95% CI 1.31–5.65), but not in men (1.42, 95% CI 0.73–2.78). Preexisting gout was significantly associated with a higher risk of PPDM in the overall cohort (adjusted HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.41) and women (2.66, 95% CI 1.29–5.49), but not in men (1.31, 95% CI 0.78–2.20).Conclusion.The relationship between gout and PPDM is bidirectional in the post-pancreatitis setting. A history of gout is a risk factor of PPDM, particularly in women.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: assessing the evidence for causality

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn C. G. J. Brouwers ◽  
Nynke Simons ◽  
Coen D. A. Stehouwer ◽  
Aaron Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although epidemiological studies have shown that NAFLD is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), it remains unknown whether NAFLD is an active contributor or an innocent bystander. Plasma lipids, low-grade inflammation, impaired fibrinolysis and hepatokines are potential mediators of the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The Mendelian randomisation approach can help to make causal inferences. Studies that used common variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and GCKR as instruments to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD) have reported contrasting results. Variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 were found to protect against CAD, whereas variants in GCKR were positively associated with CAD. Since all three genes have been associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the second stage of NAFLD, the question of whether low-grade inflammation is an important mediator of the relationship between NAFLD and CAD arises. In contrast, the differential effects of these genes on plasma lipids (i.e. lipid-lowering for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, and lipid-raising for GCKR) strongly suggest that plasma lipids account for their differential effects on CAD risk. This concept has recently been confirmed in an extended set of 12 NAFLD susceptibility genes. From these studies it appears that plasma lipids are an important mediator between NAFLD and CVD risk. These findings have important clinical implications, particularly for the design of anti-NAFLD drugs that also affect lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Increased Gustatory Response Score in Obesity and Association Levels with IL-6 and Leptin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine Remla ◽  
Zeyneb Hadjidj ◽  
Kamel Ghezzaz ◽  
Soraya Moulessehoul ◽  
Mourad Aribi
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Odds Ratio Estimate ◽  
Taste Alteration ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Response Score ◽  
Control Study

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the circulating IL-6 and leptin levels with taste alteration in young obese patients.Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in thirty obese patients and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Results. Circulating levels of IL-6 and leptin were significantly increased in obese patients than in controls. However, catalase and ORAC levels were significantly decreased in obese patients compared to controls. Additionally, obese participants had high scores for the detection of fats (gustatory response scores [GRS];p<0.001). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with GRS alteration among patients with GRS 4 (resp., OR =17.5 [95% CI, 1.56–193.32;p=0.007]; OR = 16 [95% CI, 1.69–151.11;p=0.006]). For the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate (MH OR), IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with obesity, in patients with either GRS 4 or GRS > 4 (resp., MH OR = 8.77 [95% CI, 2.06–37.44;p=0.003]; MH OR = 5.76 [95% CI, 1.64–20.24;p=0.006]).Conclusions. In a low grade inflammation linked to obesity, taste alteration is associated with high levels of IL-6 and leptin.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and biological factors influence the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gialluisi ◽  
M Bonaccio ◽  
A Di Castelnuovo ◽  
S Costanzo ◽  
A De Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMental health modulates the risk of common chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Although inflammation is thought to partly explain this link, its relation with mental health is still unclear and largely unexplored.We investigated three scales assessing psychological resilience (CD-RISC), depression symptoms (PHQ8) and mental wellbeing (SF36-MCS) in an Italian adult population cohort (Nmax=16,952). We performed stepwise generalized linear models to test the association between each scale and INFLA-score, a composite blood-based inflammation index. At each step, a class of potential mediators was included in the model, namely health conditions, lifestyle factors, or both (full model). Full model analysis was also conducted on single blood markers involved in the inflammatory process.In the baseline model, we observed significant associations of PHQ8 (standardized β=0.024, p=8.9×10−3) and SF36-MCS (β = −0.021, p=7×10−3) with INFLA-score. These associations survived adjustment for health conditions but not for lifestyle factors, which explained 81% and 17% of the association with PHQ8 and SF36-MCS, respectively. Significant associations (p<4.2×10−3) after mediator adjustment were observed for single low-grade inflammation markers, including platelet distribution width (with PHQ8 and CD-RISC), granulocyte-and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, monocyte and lymphocyte fractions (with SF36-MCS).These findings suggest that the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation is largely influenced by lifestyle. However, the associations with specific biomarkers related to inflammation are partly independent and might be explained by biological factors. Interestingly, these associations are in line with recent blood transcriptomic analyses of depressed subjects, reporting up- and down-regulation of genes related to innate and adaptive immunity, respectively.

scholarly journals Inflammation and hemocoagulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Igor N. Bokarev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Blood Coagulation System ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Problems of inflammation are extensively studied all over the world. Its mechanisms are known to involve hundreds of factors. The blood coagulation system is a major component of each living organism. This article was designed to analyze the relationship between inflammation and hemocoagulation and discuss definition of the term “low-grade inflammation” with reference to the blood coagulation system.

Abstract MP13: Evaluation Of The Effect Of Low Grade Inflammation And Hypertension On The Development Of White Matter Lesions

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Woldstad ◽  
Henry Rusinek ◽  
Elizabeth Sweeney ◽  
Tracy Butler ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Flair Sequence ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fazekas Scale ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The risk of degenerative disease development is closely linked to persistent and continuous systemic inflammation. Although relationships between chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) measurements and the progression of cardiovascular diseases are becoming established, the burden of the cardio-pathology and LGI on the central nervous system has not been fully investigated. Specifically, there is limited data on how hypertension (HTN) and related LGI impact white matter lesion (WML) pathogenesis. Methods: We examined 448 subjects with a mean age of 69.3 ± 7.4 years, with 62% of the cohort being women (n=276), and 45% having hypertension (n=200). Components of the LGI score included white blood cell count, albumin levels, platelet counts, and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, modified after. Larger LGI scores represented an increase in measured LGI intensity at that time point. MR images were obtained on a 3T system using fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. WML burden was ascertained using Fazekas scale, done separately for both deep WML and periventricular WML. Summated score of greater than or equal to 4 was considered high overall WML burden. Results: It was found that subjects with hypertension had significantly higher LGI score when compared to subjects without hypertension after accounting for sex and BMI (F=4.8, p=0.03). Using logistic regression. we found that LGI score was related to higher WML burden (p=0.047) within the entire cohort. However, further analyses have shown that this finding was driven by the normotensive group, in which the relationship between higher WML burden and respective LGI score was significant (p=0.007). This was not the case among hypertensive subjects. Conclusion: It is clear from the data presented that a relationship between LGI and hypertension exists, confirming that inflammation is an underlying process in cardiovascular pathogenesis. However, LGI scores were related to WML in only normotensive cohorts. We offer that the effects of chronic HTN (related to higher inflammatory score itself ) overshadow the effect of LGI among hypertensive subjects. It is worth emphasizing that even in subjects without HTN white matter damage is related to LGI

The relationship between follistatin and chronic low-grade inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2041-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Jou Chen ◽  
Hsin-Fu Chen ◽  
Shee-Uan Chen ◽  
Hong-Nerng Ho ◽  
Yu-Shih Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Metabolic endotoxemia: possible causes and consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
V. A. Beloglazov ◽  
I. A. Yatskov ◽  
E. D. Kumelsky ◽  
V. V. Polovinkina
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

This review article presents data from the literature, which provide an idea of the relationship between metabolic disorders occurring against the background of obesity and endotoxinemia, as well as the effect of these conditions on the maintenance of low-grade inflammation in the body. A description of the hormonal and immune restructuring of white adipose tissue, the main routes of entry and metabolism of endotoxin is given. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of the mutual influence of obesity and endotoxinemia. Described by Yakovlev M.Yu. in 1988 «endotoxin aggression» and Cani P.D. et al. in 2007, «metabolic endotoxinemia», in our opinion, is one of the most important triggers for the development and progression of a whole spectrum of acute and chronic diseases. Based on the data of recent years, adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ capable of influencing both metabolic processes and the state of innate and acquired immune defense mechanisms. It has now been proven that high-calorie diets lead not only to an increase in overweight, but also to an increase in the level of endotoxin circulating in the blood. An in-depth study of the ability of obesity and endotoxinemia to potentiate the mutual pro-inflammatory effect can help both in understanding the pathogenesis of the main cardiovascular, autoimmune, allergic and infectious (including viral) diseases, and in the development of methods for non-pharmacological and drug correction of these conditions.

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