scholarly journals Scientific Substantiation of the Use of the Environmentally Safe Water-Saving Irrigation System in the Conditions of the Insufficient Wet Area of Azerbaijan.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 3384-3388
Author(s):  
Prof.RAE. Z.H. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
The Republic

It should be recognized that the Republic of Azerbaijan has a leash of 14% of the water supply in the whole of Transcaucasia. Then, when the interim water balance of the republic is 32.29 million km3. However, in the best case, the water years with a 95% supply due to neighboring water atheria, this figure reaches up to 20 million km , as well as in shallow years, the republic will only reduce it to 17.0 million km3. water. That is, there is an acute shortage of water in the country. For the rational use of already limited water resources, it is necessary to switch to modern progressive irrigation methods using small-scale mechanization and automation of irrigation. The current technical equipment for irrigation does not always meet the requirements of the specific conditions of Azerbaijan. Our proposed irrigation system can be successfully used in various soil, climatic and difficult geographic conditions in the country, which was tested in the country with certifying indicators as crop yields increased to 38-50%, when irrigation water of 3 or more was saved times, while maintaining the ecological balance of the environment.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Bordovsky
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Irrigation Methods

Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locations with diminishing water supplies. A review of published information pertaining to LEPA history, evaluation, and usage was performed. On landscapes of less than 1% slope, negative crop yield effects caused by irrigation runoff and start-stop system alignment were overcome with appropriately spaced basins, or furrow checks, and multiple irrigations over the course of the growing season. No consistent yield advantage at any level of irrigation was documented by placing water in every furrow (1 m spacing) compared to alternate furrows (2 m spacing). In irrigation treatments having =50% of the estimated full irrigation quantity, LEPA resulted in a 16% yield increase over sprinkler methods, although subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) resulted in a 14% yield increase over LEPA. At irrigation levels >50% of full irrigation, crop yields of sprinkler treatments were only slightly less than those of LEPA, and SDI yields were 7% greater than LEPA. The LEPA irrigation method was the catalyst for innovations in chemigation, no-till planting, and site-specific irrigation. As irrigation water becomes more limited, use and proper management of optimum irrigation methods will be critical. Keywords: Basin tillage, Chemigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation methods, LEPA, Low-energy precision application, Runoff, Spray irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, Water use efficiency.

scholarly journals PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
G.U. AKIMBEKOVA ◽  
◽  
G.A. NIKITINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Commodity Flow ◽  
The Republic

The article deals with the analysis of the state of development of main branches of agriculture and AIC as a whole, provision of the population of the republic with basic food products, assessment of mechanism of public support for the industry, main factors restraining the increase in the volume of agro-industrial production of the Republic of Kazakhstan (concentration of production in households; unsatisfactory quality of raw materials; seasonality and uneven supply of processing enterprises; lack of interconnection between agricultural producers, processing industry and trade; insufficient influence of public support on profitability, production efficiency, etc.). Taking into account the current problems of the small-scale commodity nature of agricultural sector, the necessity of cooperation of small forms of farming, creation of wholesale distribution and trade and logistics centers in order to bring together the efforts of all agricultural producers in one commodity flow, the availability of marketing of agricultural products and provision of competitive products to consumers has been justified. Measures on development of priority areas of agro-industrial complex of the republic (provision of the population with food of its own production, improvement of public support measures and regulation of agricultural sectors, development of processing of agricultural products, effectiveness of the system of promoting products from producer to consumer, increasing export potential of agricultural enterprises, etc.) are presented. The strategic tasks of agricultural production growth have been substantiated, for the achievement of which the optimal use of available resources, transition to fundamentally new qualitative characteristics, provision of high rates of increase in crop yields and animal productivity, taking into account the location of production in the most favorable conditions (specialization), the use of innovative technologies, zoned progressive varieties and breeds, increase in technical equipment are needed.

Irrigation management through a coupled energy-water balance and crop growth model driven by remote sensing data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mancini ◽  
Chiara Corbari ◽  
Imen Ben Charfi ◽  
Ahmad Al Bitar ◽  
Drazen Skokovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Landsat 7

<p>The conflicting use of water is becoming more and more evident, also in regions that are traditionally rich in water. With the world’s population projected to increase to 8.5 billion by 2030, the simultaneous growth in income will imply a substantial increase in demand for both water and food. Climate change impacts will further stress the water availability enhancing also its conflictual use. The agricultural sector is the biggest and least efficient water user, accounts for around 24% of total water use in Europe, peaking at 80% in the southern regions.</p><p>This paper shows the implementation of a system for real-time operative irrigation water management at high spatial and temporal able to monitor the crop water needs reducing the irrigation losses and increasing the water use efficiency, according to different agronomic practices supporting different level of water users from irrigation consortia to single farmers. The system couples together satellite (land surface temperature LST and vegetation information) and ground data, with pixel wise hydrological crop soil water energy balance model. In particular, the SAFY (Simple Algorithm for Yield) crop model has been coupled with the pixel wise energy water balance FEST-EWB model, which assimilate satellite LST for its soil parameters calibration. The essence of this coupled modelling is that the SAFY provides the leaf area index (LAI) evolution in time used by the FEST-EWB for evapotranspiration computation while FEST-EWB model provides soil moisture (SM) to SAFY model for computing crop grow for assigned water content.</p><p>The FEST-EWB-SAFY has been firstly calibrated in specific fields of Chiese (maize crop) and Capitanata (tomatoes) where ground measurements of evapotranspiration, soil moisture and crop yields are available, as well as LAI from Sentinel2-Landsat 7 and 8 data. The FEST-EWB-SAFY model has then been validated also on several fields of the RICA farms database in the two Italian consortia, where the economic data are available plus the crop yield. Finally, the modelled maps of LAI have then been validated over the whole Consortium area (Chiese and Capitanata) against satellite data of LAI from Landsat 7 and 8, and Sentinel-2.</p><p>Optimized irrigation volumes are assessed based on a soil moisture thresholds criterion, allowing to reduce the passages over the field capacity threshold reducing the percolation flux with a saving of irrigation volume without affecting evapotranspiration and so that the crop production. The implemented strategy has shown a significative irrigation water saving, also in this area where a traditional careful use of water is assessed.</p><p>The activity is part of the European project RET-SIF (www.retsif.polimi.it).</p>

scholarly journals On-station Evaluation of Family Drip Irrigation System in North-West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kasa Mekonen Tiku ◽  
Shushay Hagoes ◽  
Berhane Yohanes
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
North West ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

The study was carried out at the effect of drip and surface irrigation (Furrow irrigation) methods on onion and sesame crops from December 2011 to May 2012 in the Tigray region of Northwest Ethiopia. The objective was to evaluate the family drip irrigation system in comparison with furrow irrigation system in terms of irrigation water productivity (using 100% ETc for both commodities). The water saved in drip irrigation over furrow irrigation was found to be 33% for onion and sesame crops. The irrigation water productivity of onion was 0.9 kg/m3 and 0.55 kg/m3 under drip and furrow irrigation methods respectively. The irrigation water productivity of sesame was 0.14 kg/m3 and 0.045 kg/m3 under drip and furrow irrigation methods respectively.

scholarly journals WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS IN PIJENAN BANTUL IRRIGATION AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra ◽  
Diah Ajeng Setiawati ◽  
Sumarjan Sumarjan
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Downstream Area

Untuk melihat ketersediaan air irigasi di suatu daerah digunakan analisa neraca air. Neraca air adalah gambaran potensi penyediaan air dan potensi kebutuhan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung debit masukan dan keluaran dari air irigasi Pijenan Bantul yang akan disesuaikan dengan pola tata tanam di daerah tersebut. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan pengambilan data di daerah irigasi Pijenan Bantul. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan adalah current meter, pita ukur, blangko kebutuhan air irigasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan debit selama 10 tahun (2003-2013) sebesar 683,730 hingga 10.237,338 l/dt dan debit kebutuhan rata-rata 1823 l/dt. Hubungan antara debit ketersediaan dan debit kebutuhan di pintu tersier dapat ditunjukkan dari analisis neraca air dimana pada daerah hulu kebutuhan irigasi selalu lebih kecil dari debit yang tersedia, di daerah tengah debit kebutuhan seimbang dengan debit ketersediaan, sedangkan di daerah hilir debit kebutuhan lebih besar daripada debit ketersediaan. Hasil perhitungan faktor K didapatkan lebih kecil dari 0,7 yang artinya terjadi defisit air sehingga perlu system irigasi giliran.To see the availability of irrigation water in an area water balance analysisis used. Water balance is a description of potential water supply and potential water requirement. The purpose of this research was to calculate the input and output irrigation waterdischarge from PijenanBantul that will be adjusted with the pattern of planting system in the area.The methodology in this research was experimental with data retrieval in PijenanBantul irrigation area. Tools and materials used were current meters, measuring tape, form of irrigationwater requirement. The results showed that thedischarge for 10 years (2003-2013) was 683.730 to 10,237.338 l/dt and the average requirement was 1823 l/dt. The relationship between the availability and the requireddischarge of the tertiary gate could be shown from the water balance analysis where upstream irrigation water requirements were always smaller than the available discharge; in the middle area the required discharge was equal with the available discharge; whereas in the downstream area, the requireddischarge was greater than the available discharge. The calculation result of K factor was smaller than 0,7 which means water deficit was existed, therefore the rotation irrigation system was necessary.

scholarly journals Study of the Development Prospects of the Existing Erosion Process in the Widespread Mountain-Brown Soils of Gedebey Region in the Conditions of Geographical Relief

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Z. Xalilov
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Prospects

Complex natural-geographic and agroclimatic conditions regions of Azerbaijan, long and anthropogenic effects on the natural objects have led to the emergence and widespread erosion. currently, 43.3% of the land Republic affected by erosion. In the Republic developed all kinds of erosion, particularly irrigation water and wind. At the present stage of development of agriculture, widely implemented land reform. Ubiquitous privatized land, where at this point erosion control is a precondition for improving soil fertility, crop yields, requiring reference to global studies improve their fertility.

Impacts of human intervention through irrigation on hydrological responses of Lake Tana sub-basin, upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meron Teferi Taye ◽  
Alemseged Tamiru Haile
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

<p>Lake water balance studies in Ethiopia are commonly conducted for natural conditions without considering the impact of water abstraction. However, hydrological changes are a function of changes caused by human interventions as much as through natural processes. The Lake Tana sub-basin is one of the important basins in Ethiopia as the source of the Blue Nile river and supporter of various livelihoods including considerable number of small-scale farmers. With Ethiopia’s ambitious plan to expand irrigation at different scales to feed the growing population, the Lake Tana sub-basin is one of the selected areas by the federal government for medium scale irrigation. Moreover, the basin is experiencing booming small-scale irrigation users due to initiations by local governments, NGOs and individual farmers. Small-scale community managed irrigation schemes and farmer-led irrigations schemes are common in the basin. While communities are expected to benefit from the expanding irrigation use, there is limited information on how this irrigation expansion impacts the water balance of the sub-basin.</p><p>In this study the area under small-scale irrigation is estimated through inventory survey of woredas (districts) that are within the Lake Tana sub-basin and cover the four main tributaries (Gilgel Abay, Ribb, Gumara, and Megech).  The inventory from 16 woredas showed more than 30,000 ha is under small-scale irrigation in the Lake Tana sub-basin in 2020. The dominant water source for irrigation is found to be surface water through diversion from rivers and streams. This accounts for 80% of irrigation water source. The other 20% comes from shallow groundwater sources, which are mainly located in the eastern part of the sub-basin in the floodplain in the Fogera area.</p><p>This study investigates the current situation of irrigation water abstraction through water abstraction surveys in selected locations in the dry-season and evaluates the impact of water abstraction on the long-term water balance of the sub-basin. Previous studies indicate that Gilgel Abay sub-basin, for instance, shows a decreasing dry season flow in the past decades, which might be associated with dry season water abstraction. The current survey provides the gross diversion of water from rivers to canals in the selected schemes. Preliminary results show large amount of water is being diverted by medium irrigation schemes but also collectively by small-scale irrigation schemes. Continuation of such water abstraction levels will be a concern to the water balance of the sub-basin as it increases losses without productive use and calls for better water management practices. </p>

scholarly journals Problems of water lifting machine systems control in the republic of Uzbekistan with new innovation technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Ergashev ◽  
Fotima Artikbekova ◽  
Gulnora Jumabayeva ◽  
Farouddin Uljayev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Pumping Equipment

The article presents the results of the study of the main categories of losses for the elements of irrigation systems, shows the experience of using pumping equipment on irrigation systems, discussed methods for increasing the volumetric efficiency, improving the hydraulic conditions for supplying flow to the impeller and reducing cavitation. The purpose of the research is the scientific substantiation of the usage of samples of modern pumps, in modern water-lifting systems in the context of import substitution programs with innovation technology. The results of the study of the main categories by irrigation system elements are presented, the experience of pumping equipment use on irrigation systems is described, the methods for increasing the volumetric efficiency, for improving the hydraulic conditions for supplying the flow to the impeller and reducing the cavitation wear are examined in the article. The complex solution of such problems as the increasing the efficiency of the pumping equipment was proposed, which allowed to increase the actual performance factor of the given pump from 83 to 88 %, compared to the factory data.

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