scholarly journals Effect of processing on antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) juice

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Kamila Borowiec ◽  
Dominik Szwajgier
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Juice Processing ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus L ◽  
Anticholinesterase Agents

Bilberry fruit is a valuable source of many antioxidant and anticholinesterase agents. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of heat treatment combined with enzyme preparations on the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of bilberry juices. Each bilberry juice efficiently ‘scavenged’ DPPH and ABTS radicals. The highest ability to remove DPPH radicals was found in pre-heated (80–90C, 5 min) and non-heated (only 50–55C, 2 h) juices obtained using Pectinex BE XXL. The pre-heating treatment caused an increase in the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity compared to non-heated juices, with the highest elevation (p < 0.05) recorded for juice produced using Panzym BE XXL. Similarly, the heat pretreatment caused an increase in the anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity in bilberry juices. The combined application of pre-heating and enzyme preparations during juice processing resulted in an increase in the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the end juices.

Synergistic Effect of Plantaricin BM-1 Combined with Physicochemical Treatments on the Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Cooked Ham

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Wu ◽  
Hongxing Zhang ◽  
Huimin Zhou ◽  
Junhua Jin ◽  
Yuanhong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cooked Ham ◽  
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect

ABSTRACT Plantaricin BM-1, a typical IIa bacteriocin, is produced by Lactobacillus plantarum BM-1, which can be isolated from a traditionally fermented Chinese meat product. This bacteriocin exhibits perfect thermal stability and broad inhibitory activity against certain foodborne pathogens. In this study, we investigated the effect of plantaricin BM-1 combined with physicochemical treatments (sodium nitrite, heat treatment, ultrahigh pressure technology) on the control of Listeria monocytogenes populations in cooked ham. According to our results, the addition of sodium nitrite (0.075 or 0.15 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes in broth, plantaricin BM-1 combined with heat treatment reduced the viable counts of L. monocytogenes more than plantaricin BM-1 alone, and plantaricin BM-1 combined with sodium nitrite and heat treatment had the greatest antibacterial effect in broth. However, the addition of sodium nitrite or heat treatment alone did not inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes in cooked ham. The combined application of 5,120 arbitrary units per gram (AU/g) plantaricin BM-1 and 0.075 mg/g sodium nitrite reduced L. monocytogenes significantly more effectively (by 1.97 log CFU/g) than application of 5,120 AU/g plantaricin alone. Plantaricin BM-1 application combined with sodium nitrite and heat treatment led to viable counts of L. monocytogenes below the level of detection for 49 days of storage. Moreover, in cooked ham treated with 5,120 AU/g plantaricin BM-1, 0.075 mg/g sodium nitrite, and ultrahigh pressure technology (400 MPa for 5 min), viable counts of L. monocytogenes were reduced by 5.79 log CFU/g compared with control samples at the end of storage. In conclusion, the combination of plantaricin BM-1 with physicochemical treatments had a synergistic inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes in cooked ham.

scholarly journals Microwave Mutagenesis of Brevibacillus Parabrevis for Enhanced Cellulase Production, and Investigation on Thermostability of this Cellulase

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinakin Khambhala ◽  
Purva Paliwal ◽  
Vijay Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Brevibacillus Parabrevis ◽  
Reversible Nature

ABSTRACTMicrowave mutagenesis of Brevibacillus parabrevis for enhanced cellulase production was attempted. Though microwave treatment could alter the cellulase activity of the test bacterium, none of the mutants obtained were found to be genetically stable, indicating the reversible nature of microwave-induced mutation(s). Thermal stability of the B. parabrevis cellulase was also investigated. This enzyme was found to be capable of retaining its activity even after heat treatment (50-121°C, for 30-60 min). Fluorescence spectrum revealed a red shift in the emission maxima of the heat-treated enzyme preparations, indicating some structural change upon heating, but no major loss of activity was observed. This enzyme was found to be active over a broad temp range, with 90°C as the optimum temp, which is interesting as the producing organism is a mesophile.

scholarly journals Optimization of Heat Treatment: A Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2126-2128
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Laser Heating ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Quenching Media ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Vacuum Heating ◽  
Speed Of Evolution ◽  
Magnetic Processing

Endurance and Improvement will be the secrets to success green fabricating is actually just really a resource of invention. Back in the last couple of years a gradual speed of evolution in heating treatment was achieved, owing to its ignorance and inadequate understandability. Just lately the market has begun eye-ing on heating treatment and surface technology whilst the absolute most vital sections ended up a lot of development and research is usually always to be performed on account of the steady desire of electricity effective, ecological friendly, optimal cost procedure. Heat treatment and surface technology would be the essential systems to improve effective usage of substances employed for vehicles, aerospace, and firearms. Once all understanding, this a critical function of heating treatment lots of complex steps such as vacuum heating healing, evolution within quenching media, laser heating curing, Electro Magnetic processing, and intensive jelling have now already been accepted that includes led in 30% boost if thickness, 25 30% decrease in procedure, 30% lowering of electricity consumption plus only ecological favorable procedure. This paper offers a brief summary of fresh tendencies of heating remedy and approach optimization having its prospective technological chances.

scholarly journals Anti-cholinesterase Activity of Crude Drugs Selected from the Ingredients of Incense Sticks and Heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Kazuya Murata ◽  
Kanae Tanaka ◽  
Reina Akiyama ◽  
Ibuki Noro ◽  
Arisa Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Type Mode ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Ad Therapy

An effective agent for the treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is needed due to the number of patients in the acute curve. In our research program to investigate effective agents for AD, we focused on crude drugs which consisted of incense sticks widely used in Asian countries including Japan. We selected 9 drugs as “aromatic” crude drugs and 2 as basal crude drugs. Among the samples tested, the essential oil obtained from the leaf of Cryptomeria japonica showed the most potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with 64.8% of inhibition at 100 μg/mL. In addition, no sample showed significant inhibition against β-secretase. From these results, the crude drugs selected in this study may be effective for AD therapy rather than prevention. The active principles of anti-acetylcholinesterase were investigated by activity-guided fractionation, and kaur-16-ene, nezukol and ferruginol were successfully identified, the IC50 values were 640, 300 and 95 μM, respectively. Kaur-16-ene and nezukol inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the mixed type mode, while ferruginol inhibited it in the competitive mode. In addition, nezukol and ferruginol showed anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity, the IC50 values were 155 and 22 μM, respectively. We also focused on the heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa, since this tree has been used as a building material for the heartwood of C. japonica. Ethyl acetate extract of C. obtusa showed anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of 37.7% inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The active principle was determined to be (-)-hinokinin by activity-guided fractionation and the IC50 value was 176 μM. These results suggest that the leaf of C. japonica and heartwood of C. obtusa may be suitable agents for AD therapy when administered through the nasal system as an aroma supplement.

The Usage of Solar Power in the Heating Treatment of Concrete

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Ibragimov ◽  
Lyubov Y. Gnedina ◽  
Svetlana V. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Analytical Expressions

This article proposes the usage of alternative energy instead of traditional, as safer, and environmentally friendly for the planet and all humankind in the manufacture of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete products. Monolithic concreting in the conditions of the construction site is now widespread in the construction industry. The subject of the article is considered of the issues of heat treatment of concrete and acceleration of its hardening processes using solar energy. A brief review and classification of the most well-known and common energy sources used to harden acceleration of the concrete mix such as wind power, biofuels, solar energy, alternative hydropower is given. For consideration in the article offers the solar energy – the energy received from solar radiation. The sun as a source is an inexhaustible and affordable type of energy that supplies energy several times higher than traditional sources. In this regard, attention is paid to this field of alternative energy when using it in various spheres of the national economy, especially in the field of construction. Already existing methods of heat treatment of concrete with the help of solar technology are considered, the modern level of development of these methods is defined and further ways of their development are planned. As an example, a physical and mathematical model of a non-stationary heat transfer process in a flat reinforced concrete structure during its heat treatment using solar energy, considering the hydration of cement, is considered. Analytical expressions are obtained that allow us to model the process at any stage and actively intervene and adjust the external parameters to create rational and comfortable conditions for increasing the strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Screening of Spice Extracts Possessing Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Active Principle of Bitter Ginger, Rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Murata ◽  
Yusuke Ishida ◽  
Arisa Nishio ◽  
Sayaka Nakagawa ◽  
Hirokazu Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Cholinesterase Activities ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity

In our research program for investigating anti-dementia agents from natural plant resources, we screened extracts from 15 spice samples. Among the plant extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract prepared from rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet showed potent activity. Activity-guided purification led to determination of afzelin and its acetylated compound as the active principles. Afzelin showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and may also be expected to possess anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity. This is the first report to reveal the anti-cholinesterase activities of ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet and afzelin. Furthermore, Z. zerumbet may be a potential therapeutic agent for the improvement of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of Heating Treatment on the Resistivity of Polycrystalline Silicon

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jia Yan Li ◽  
Hao Yang Wang ◽  
Fu Min Xu ◽  
Yi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Region ◽  
Obvious Change ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
P Type

Effect of heat treatment in atmosphere on the resistivity of polycrystalline silicon has been investigated in this paper. After heat treatment at 1050oC for 10h, there is no obvious change of the resistivity in the N-type region of polycrystalline silicon, which could be contributed to the complicated influence factors, such as more impurities content and defects. On the other hand, an obvious increase of the resistivity was observed in the P-type region which could be contributed the redistribution of Al and B in the Si-SiO2 interface. The resistivity of the P-type region increased from less than 1Ω·cm to several hundreds Ω·cm.

scholarly journals Prospective, observational, single-centre cohort study with an independent control group matched for age and sex aimed at investigating the significance of cholinergic activity in patients with schizophrenia: study protocol of the CLASH-study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e050501
Author(s):  
Benedikt Schick ◽  
Eberhard Barth ◽  
Benjamin Mayer ◽  
Claire-Louise Weber ◽  
Theresa Hagemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Control ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity

IntroductionAlterations in the cholinergic metabolism may cause various clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition to the ‘monoamine hypothesis,’ neuroinflammation is also discussed as a cause of schizophrenia. To date, there has been no evidence of alterations in the central cholinergic transmitter balance in patients with schizophrenia under clinical conditions. By contrast, studies in critically ill patients have established the measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity as a suitable surrogate parameter of central cholinergic transmitter balance/possible pathophysiological changes. Butyrylcholinesterase activity has been established as a parameter indicating possible (neuro)inflammatory processes. Both parameters can now be measured using a point-of-care approach. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate whether acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity differs in patients with various forms of schizophrenia. Secondary objectives address the possible association between acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity and (1) schizophrenic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, (2) the quantity of antipsychotics taken and (3) the duration of illness.Methods and analysisThe study is designed as a prospective, observational cohort study with one independent control group. It is being carried out at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Germany. Patient enrolment started in October 2020, and the anticipated end of the study is in January 2022. The enrolment period was set from October 2020 to December 2021 (extension required due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic). The sample size is calculated at 50 patients in each group. Esterase activity is measured on hospital admission (acute symptomatology) and after referral to a postacute ward over a period of three consecutive days. The matched control group will be created after reaching 50 patients with schizophrenia. This will be followed by a comprehensive statistical analysis of the data set.Ethics and disseminationThe study was registered prospectively in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00023143,URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023143) after approval by the ethics committee of the University of Ulm, Germany Trial Code No. 280/20.Trial registration numberDRKS00023143; Pre-results.

Use of Solar Power at Heating Treatment of Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
The Subject

The article considers the introduction of alternative energy as a safer and more environmentally friendly instead of the traditional, in particular when manufacturing monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete products. Monolithic concreting under the conditions of the construction site is now widespread in the construction industry. The subject of the article is the issues of heat treatment of concrete and acceleration of its hardening processes using solar energy. A brief review and classification of the most well-known and common energy sources used for acceleration of strength development in the concrete mix such as wind power, biofuels, solar energy, alternative hydropower are given. Attention is paid to solar energy - the energy obtained from solar radiation. The sun as an inexhaustible and affordable source supplies energy, exceeding several times the traditional sources. Therefore, this type of alternative energy was chosen, which is used in various spheres of the national economy, especially in the field of construction. Already existing methods of heat treatment of concrete with the help of solar technology are considered, the modern level of development of these methods is defined and further ways of their development are planned.

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