Abundance of canids and human canid conflict in the Hindu Kush Mountain range of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar Ud Din ◽  
Shoaib Hameed ◽  
Khurshid Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Ayub Khan ◽  
Siraj Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Hindu Kush

scholarly journals A 424-year tree-ring-based Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstruction of <i>Cedrus deodara</i> D. Don from the Hindu Kush range of Pakistan: linkages to ocean oscillations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-798
Author(s):  
Sarir Ahmad ◽  
Liangjun Zhu ◽  
Sumaira Yasmeen ◽  
Yuandong Zhang ◽  
Zongshan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Palmer Drought Severity Index ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Drought Severity Index

Abstract. The rate of global warming has led to persistent drought. It is considered to be the preliminary factor affecting socioeconomic development under the background of the dynamic forecasting of the water supply and forest ecosystems in West Asia. However, long-term climate records in the semiarid Hindu Kush range are seriously lacking. Therefore, we developed a new tree-ring width chronology of Cedrus deodara spanning the period of 1537–2017. We reconstructed the March–August Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the past 424 years, going back to 1593 CE. Our reconstruction featured nine dry periods (1593–1598, 1602–1608, 1631–1645, 1647–1660, 1756–1765, 1785–1800, 1870–1878, 1917–1923, and 1981–1995) and eight wet periods (1663–1675, 1687–1708, 1771–1773, 1806–1814, 1844–1852, 1932–1935, 1965–1969, and 1990–1999). This reconstruction is consistent with other dendroclimatic reconstructions in West Asia, thereby confirming its reliability. The multi-taper method and wavelet analysis revealed drought variability at periodicities of 2.1–2.4, 3.3, 6.0, 16.8, and 34.0–38.0 years. The drought patterns could be linked to the large-scale atmospheric–oceanic variability, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and solar activity. In terms of current climate conditions, our findings have important implications for developing drought-resistant policies in communities on the fringes of the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Pakistan.

scholarly journals Avalanche character and fatalities in the high mountains of Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (71) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. McClung
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract.With the exception of northern India, there are few, if any, consistent data records relating to avalanche activity in the high mountains of Asia. However, records do exist of avalanche fatalities in the region, contained in mountaineering expedition reports. In this paper, I review and analyze statistics of avalanche fatalities (both snow and ice) in the high mountains of Asia (Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir, Hindu Kush, Tien Shan, Dazu Shan) from 1895 to 2014. The data are stratified according to accident cause, geographical region (Nepal-Tibet (Xizang), Pakistan, India, China, Central Asia), mountain range, personnel (hired or expedition members) and terrain. The character of the accidents is compared with data from North America and Europe. The data show that the important risk components are the temporal and spatial exposure probabilities. It is shown that human actions and decisions govern the pattern of fatal avalanches in the high mountains of Asia.

From depth to surface: how deep-earth processes and active tectonics shape the landscape in Pamir and Hindu Kush

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Crosetto ◽  
Sabrina Metzger ◽  
Dirk Scherler ◽  
Onno Oncken
Keyword(s):  
Active Faults ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
North West ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Lateral Extrusion ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Thrust System

&lt;p&gt;The Pamir and Hindu Kush are located at the western tip of the India-Asia collision zone. Approximately a third of the northward motion of India&amp;#8217;s western syntax is mostly accommodated by continental-scale underthrusting of the Indian plate beneath Asia. On its way northwards the arcuate, convex Pamir mountain range acts as a rigid indenter penetrating the weaker Eurasian plate, while lateral extrusion occurs to the west in the Tajik Depression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intense present-day shallow seismicity indicates active deformation along the northern and north-western semi-arid margin of the Pamir, where over the last century several M&gt;6 and three M&gt;7 crustal earthquakes, including a recent M6.4 event in 2016, were recorded. Earthquakes are distributed in the proximity of three main fault systems: the Pamir thrust system to the north, and the Darvaz fault and Vakhsh thrust system to the north-west. The pronounced topographic expression of these lithospheric faults is associated to a deeply incised landscape, which was profoundly shaped by past widespread glaciations. The transient evolution of the landscape following deglaciation is observed in the dynamic river network, characterised by intense fluvial incision and changes in the fluvial connectivity of the drainage system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At depth, recent seismic tomography studies suggest delamination, stretching and tearing of the Asian slab beneath SW Pamir, and slab break-off underneath Hindu Kush. Slab break-off episodes are known to result in stress surges in the overlying lithosphere, potentially causing deformation and uplift.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this complex system characterised by an important interplay between tectonics, climate and surface processes, we use qualitative and quantitative analyses of the topography and of the drainage systems evolution, inclusive of numerical tools, in order to define what is &amp;#8211;and has been- the role played by the main lithospheric active faults of this area. In addition, we aim at identifying how landscape and surface dynamics respond, temporally and spatially, to processes, such as slab tearing/break-off, occurring at depth.&lt;/p&gt;

High Asia: The International Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alāna M. Wilson ◽  
Sierra Gladfelter ◽  
Mark W. Williams ◽  
Sonika Shahi ◽  
Prashant Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
High Asia ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Water Issues ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Asia, a region grappling with the impacts of climate change, increasing natural disasters, and transboundary water issues, faces major challenges to water security. Water resources there are closely tied to the dramatic Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountain range, where over 46,000 glaciers hold some of the largest repositories of fresh water on earth (Qiu 2010). Often described as the water tower of Asia, the HKH harbors the snow and ice that form the headwaters of the continent's major rivers (Bandyopadhyay 2013). Downstream, this network of river systems sustains more than 1.3 billion people who depend on these freshwater sources for their consumption and agricultural production, and increasingly as a source of hydropower (Immerzeel, Van Beek, and Bierkens 2010; National Research Council 2012; Rasul 2014).

scholarly journals Determining the Events in a Glacial Disaster Chain at Badswat Glacier in the Karakoram Range Using Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Donghui Shangguan ◽  
Da Li ◽  
Yongjian Ding ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Outburst Flood ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Disaster Chain ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Flood

The Karakoram mountain range is prone to natural disasters such as glacial surging and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events. In this study, we aimed to document and reconstruct the sequence of events caused by glacial debris flows that dammed the Immit River in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Range on 17 July 2018. We used satellite remote sensing and field data to conduct the analyses. The order of the events in the disaster chain were determined as follows: glacial meltwater from the G2 glacier (ID: G074052E36491N) transported ice and debris that dammed the meltwater at the snout of the G1 glacier (ID: G074103E36480N), then the debris flow dammed the Immit River and caused Lake Badswat to expand. We surveyed the extent of these events using remote sensing imagery. We analyzed the glaciers’ responses to this event chain and found that the glacial debris flow induced G1 to exhibit accelerating ice flow in parts of the region from 25 July 2018 to 4 August 2018. According to the records from reanalysis data and data from the automatic weather station located 75 km from Lake Badswat, the occurrence of this disaster chain was related to high temperatures recorded after 15 July 2018. The chains of events caused by glacially related disasters makes such hazards more complex and dangerous. Therefore, this study is useful not only for understanding the formation of glacial disaster chains, but also for framing mitigation plans to reduce the risks for vulnerable downstream/upstream residents.

Quantitative analysis of medicinal flora use as herbal remedies in Hindu Kush mountain range, northern Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Hussain ◽  
Umar Zeb ◽  
Asfa Batool ◽  
Khan Sher ◽  
Iqra Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Fungal recovery and characterization from Hindu Kush mountain range, Tirich Mir glacier, and their potential for biotechnological applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-457
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Shaukat Nadeem ◽  
Noor Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Hayat ◽  
Wasim Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Hindu Kush

Old origin for an active mountain range: Geology and geochronology of the eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan

2001 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Hildebrand ◽  
S.R. Noble ◽  
M.P. Searle ◽  
D.J. Waters ◽  
R.R. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Hindu Kush

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Wild Food Plants and Food System of Tribal Cultures in the Hindu Kush Mountain Range; a Way Forward for Balancing Human Nutrition and Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5258
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Shujaul Mulk Khan ◽  
Andrea Pieroni ◽  
Aminul Haq ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Hindu Kush

The tribal belt of the Hindu Kush mountains is famous for its unique culture, ethnography, wild food plants, food systems, and traditional knowledge. People in this region gather wild plants and plant parts using them directly or in traditional cuisine, or sell them in local markets. However, there is a huge lack of documentation of the food system, particularly that related to wild food plants (WFP). In the current study, we focus on the uses and contributions of WFPs in the traditional tribal food system of the Hindu Kush valleys along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border. Ethnobotanical data were gathered through questionnaire surveys of 84 informants, including 69 men and 15 women, belonging to 21 different villages of the chosen area. In tribal societies men and women rarely mix and thus very few women took part in the surveys. We documented 63 WFP species belonging to 34 botanical families, of which 27 were used as vegetables, 24 as fruits, six in different kinds of chutneys (starters), and six as fresh food species. Fruits were the most used part (41%), followed by leaves (24%), aerial parts (24%), seeds (7%), stems (3%), and young inflorescences (1%). The reported uses of Carthamus oxyacantha, Pinus roxburghii seeds, and Marsilea quadrifolia leaves are novel for the gastronomy of Pakistan. The results reveal that WFPs provide a significant contribution to local food systems and play a role in addressing human nutritional needs, which are usually not met through farming practices. The tribal peoples of the Hindu Kush use WFPs for their nutritional value, but also as a cultural practice—an inseparable component of the tribal community’s lifestyle. This important traditional knowledge about the gathering and consumption of WFPs, however, is eroding at an alarming rate among younger generations due to the introduction of fast-food, modernization, and globalization. Therefore, appropriate strategies are imperative not only to safeguard traditional plants and food knowledge and practices, as well as the cultural heritage attached to them, but also to foster food security and thus public healthcare via local wild foods in the region.

scholarly journals Microplastics Monitoring in Environmental Matrices of an Alpine River originating from Hindu Kush Mountain Range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
Atif Yaqub ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Mehmood Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wallago Attu ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Alpine River ◽  
Threat To Life

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are cosmopolitan in distribution and an emerging threat to life and the environment. These particles are not restricted to human-inhabited lands but also found in different mountains and glaciers where the human population is relatively low. These MPs make their way to the river ecosystem from glaciers, rains, and municipal and industrial effluents. The current study was designed to highlight MPs' pollution in water, sediments, and fishes of the Swat River: originating from the Hindu Kush Mountain Range. These samples were collected from eight different sites across the river. The average MPs concentrations were 305.79 ± 289.66 MPs/m 3, 588.29 ± 253.95 MPs/kg, and 12.54 ± 8.02 MPs/individual the water, sediments, and fish samples, respectively. The highest MPs concentrations (753.71 ± 330.08 MPs/m 3 ) in water were recorded near Mingora City, whereas MPs concentrations (834.0 ± 367.21 MPs/kg) were the highest on the same site. Among the selected fish species, the highest number of MPs was observed in Shizothorax plagiostomus. In contrast, the lowest in Wallago attu being 17.08 ± 8.27 Among the selected fish species, the highest number of MPs was observed in Shizothorax plagiostomus, whereas the lowest in Wallago attu being 17.08 ± 8.27 MPs/individual and 5.0 ± 2.36 MPs/individual, respectively. Fibres were the most prevalent MPs in all the matrices representing 80%, 92%, and 85% of the total MPs count in water, sediments, and fish samples. These findings highlighted that the high concentration of MPs prevailing in the river originating from high-altitude freshwater sources and awareness, education, ecotourism, sustainable reduction in plastic use, and strict rules and regulations could be helpful to prevent the anthropogenic menace.

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