Quantitative analysis of medicinal flora use as herbal remedies in Hindu Kush mountain range, northern Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Hussain ◽  
Umar Zeb ◽  
Asfa Batool ◽  
Khan Sher ◽  
Iqra Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Abundance of canids and human canid conflict in the Hindu Kush Mountain range of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar Ud Din ◽  
Shoaib Hameed ◽  
Khurshid Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Ayub Khan ◽  
Siraj Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Hindu Kush

Geology and mineral resources of the Chitral-Partsan area, Hindu Kush Range, northern Pakistan

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Alfred Calkins ◽  
S. Jamiluddin ◽  
K. Bhuyan ◽  
A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Hindu Kush

scholarly journals A 424-year tree-ring-based Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstruction of <i>Cedrus deodara</i> D. Don from the Hindu Kush range of Pakistan: linkages to ocean oscillations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-798
Author(s):  
Sarir Ahmad ◽  
Liangjun Zhu ◽  
Sumaira Yasmeen ◽  
Yuandong Zhang ◽  
Zongshan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Palmer Drought Severity Index ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Drought Severity Index

Abstract. The rate of global warming has led to persistent drought. It is considered to be the preliminary factor affecting socioeconomic development under the background of the dynamic forecasting of the water supply and forest ecosystems in West Asia. However, long-term climate records in the semiarid Hindu Kush range are seriously lacking. Therefore, we developed a new tree-ring width chronology of Cedrus deodara spanning the period of 1537–2017. We reconstructed the March–August Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the past 424 years, going back to 1593 CE. Our reconstruction featured nine dry periods (1593–1598, 1602–1608, 1631–1645, 1647–1660, 1756–1765, 1785–1800, 1870–1878, 1917–1923, and 1981–1995) and eight wet periods (1663–1675, 1687–1708, 1771–1773, 1806–1814, 1844–1852, 1932–1935, 1965–1969, and 1990–1999). This reconstruction is consistent with other dendroclimatic reconstructions in West Asia, thereby confirming its reliability. The multi-taper method and wavelet analysis revealed drought variability at periodicities of 2.1–2.4, 3.3, 6.0, 16.8, and 34.0–38.0 years. The drought patterns could be linked to the large-scale atmospheric–oceanic variability, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and solar activity. In terms of current climate conditions, our findings have important implications for developing drought-resistant policies in communities on the fringes of the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Pakistan.

scholarly journals Avalanche character and fatalities in the high mountains of Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (71) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. McClung
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract.With the exception of northern India, there are few, if any, consistent data records relating to avalanche activity in the high mountains of Asia. However, records do exist of avalanche fatalities in the region, contained in mountaineering expedition reports. In this paper, I review and analyze statistics of avalanche fatalities (both snow and ice) in the high mountains of Asia (Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir, Hindu Kush, Tien Shan, Dazu Shan) from 1895 to 2014. The data are stratified according to accident cause, geographical region (Nepal-Tibet (Xizang), Pakistan, India, China, Central Asia), mountain range, personnel (hired or expedition members) and terrain. The character of the accidents is compared with data from North America and Europe. The data show that the important risk components are the temporal and spatial exposure probabilities. It is shown that human actions and decisions govern the pattern of fatal avalanches in the high mountains of Asia.

Building Typologies Prevalent in Northern Pakistan and Their Performance during the 2015 Hindu Kush Earthquake

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najif Ismail ◽  
Nouman Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Ground Settlement ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Reverse Faulting ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Shear Cracking ◽  
Motion Characteristics

The M7.5 earthquake of 26 October 2015 resulted due to reverse faulting at an intermediate depth of 210 km within the northeast-trending tabular zone underneath the Hindu Kush region, with its epicenter located 45 km southwest of Jarm in Afghanistan. In Pakistan alone, the earthquake and subsequent aftershock swarm resulted in 280 fatalities, injuries to 1,770 persons, and notable damage to 109,123 buildings. A synopsis of observations is presented herein, covering details about seismotectonics, strong motion characteristics, damage statistics, and typical building failure modes. Building damage was observed to mostly concentrate in vulnerable rural and old unreinforced masonry buildings, with aspects such as complete or partial out of plane collapse of walls, collapse of roofs due to loss of seating, shear cracking in masonry walls/panels, shear and flexural damage in masonry spandrels, cracking at infill-frame interface, damage at building corners, pounding damage, toppled minarets, and damage due to ground settlement.

From depth to surface: how deep-earth processes and active tectonics shape the landscape in Pamir and Hindu Kush

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Crosetto ◽  
Sabrina Metzger ◽  
Dirk Scherler ◽  
Onno Oncken
Keyword(s):  
Active Faults ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
North West ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Lateral Extrusion ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Thrust System

&lt;p&gt;The Pamir and Hindu Kush are located at the western tip of the India-Asia collision zone. Approximately a third of the northward motion of India&amp;#8217;s western syntax is mostly accommodated by continental-scale underthrusting of the Indian plate beneath Asia. On its way northwards the arcuate, convex Pamir mountain range acts as a rigid indenter penetrating the weaker Eurasian plate, while lateral extrusion occurs to the west in the Tajik Depression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intense present-day shallow seismicity indicates active deformation along the northern and north-western semi-arid margin of the Pamir, where over the last century several M&gt;6 and three M&gt;7 crustal earthquakes, including a recent M6.4 event in 2016, were recorded. Earthquakes are distributed in the proximity of three main fault systems: the Pamir thrust system to the north, and the Darvaz fault and Vakhsh thrust system to the north-west. The pronounced topographic expression of these lithospheric faults is associated to a deeply incised landscape, which was profoundly shaped by past widespread glaciations. The transient evolution of the landscape following deglaciation is observed in the dynamic river network, characterised by intense fluvial incision and changes in the fluvial connectivity of the drainage system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At depth, recent seismic tomography studies suggest delamination, stretching and tearing of the Asian slab beneath SW Pamir, and slab break-off underneath Hindu Kush. Slab break-off episodes are known to result in stress surges in the overlying lithosphere, potentially causing deformation and uplift.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this complex system characterised by an important interplay between tectonics, climate and surface processes, we use qualitative and quantitative analyses of the topography and of the drainage systems evolution, inclusive of numerical tools, in order to define what is &amp;#8211;and has been- the role played by the main lithospheric active faults of this area. In addition, we aim at identifying how landscape and surface dynamics respond, temporally and spatially, to processes, such as slab tearing/break-off, occurring at depth.&lt;/p&gt;

Temple of Imra, Temple of Mahandeu: a Kafir sanctuary in Kalasha cosmology

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Comparative Religions ◽  
Heaven And Earth ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Present Conception ◽  
Axis Mundi

This article examines the mythical significance of the famous Afghan Kafir ‘Temple of Imra’ described in Robertson's Káfirs of the Hindu-Kush (1896: 389–92) within the cosmology of the Kalasha (‘Kalash Kafirs’) of Chitral in northern Pakistan. It is known as the ‘Temple of Mahandeu’ in Kalasha tradition, and stories about this sanctuary play an important role in the exegesis of all Kalasha rites. It is, indeed, a focal symbol of Kalasha cosmology: the site of an axis mundi linking heaven and earth with the underworld of the deceased, and the primordial domain of major deities. After examining narratives about this temple, I shall discuss several problems in the comparative religions of the Hindu Kush that such traditions help to elucidate. In recognition of the pioneering scholarship on this subject by Wolfgang Lentz (1974) and Lennart Edelberg (et al., 1959), I present here some Kalasha perspectives on an extraordinary Kafir sanctuary (cf. Jettmar, 1986: 50–51). But in discussing its significance in Kalasha cosmology, I also address broader questions about our present conception of religious knowledge in the Hindu Kush, particularly on the comparative ‘mythology’ of the Afghan Kafirs and of their Dardicspeaking neighbours in northern Pakistan

scholarly journals Geomorphological study of Kleinovitikos stream drainage network (Trikala prefecture - western Thessaly)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
G. D. Bathrellos ◽  
H. D. Skilodimou ◽  
G. Livaditis ◽  
E. Verikiou-Papaspiridakou
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Secondary Cracks ◽  
Prevailing Direction

The Kleinovitikos stream is a tributary ofPineios River in the Western Thessaly. Its basin drainages parts of mountain range of Southern Pindos as well as the mountain of Koziaka. In this study a quantitative analysis of drainage network was accomplished and the relation of tectonics features with the watershed and the channels of drainage network were investigated. The main channel of the drainage network is of 6th order, while the dominated type of the network is the trellis drainage pattern. The morphological slopes of the basin show various fluctuations. The gentle slopes express erosional landforms while the steep ones represent geological and tectonic structures. It was noted by the quantitative analysis of the drainage network that the geological and tectonic structure of the area affects in its evolution. Moreover, the outcrop of heterogeneous lithological formations in the basin affects the values of drainage density and frequency. The lithology and the secondary cracks involve in the prevailing direction of the watershed. The streams of 1st -3r order are controlled by the younger cracks; the younger cracks as well as the older Alpine cracks have an influence on the streams of 4' and 5' order, and the Alpine tectonic activity affects the stream of 6' order.

scholarly journals Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-847
Author(s):  
Mujtaba Shah Ghulam ◽  
Nasir Shad ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Asma ◽  
Abid Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Fidelity Level ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses ◽  
Aerva Lanata ◽  
Questionnaire Method

The current study was performed to evaluate the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants to treat and prevent kidney diseases, especially urolithiasis in the Abbottabad region, Northern Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted from 2014–2016 in various rural and tribally dwelled hilly areas like Ayubia National Park, Sherwan and Thandiani. Ethnobotanical information about the medicinal plants employed to treat urinary ailments was obtained from well-informed sources like local healers (hakims) and residents (men/women), who had vast knowledge of local plants uses. The questionnaire method was adopted to record the information and queries were made to verify the information. Informed consent was obtained from each informant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were calculated for each recorded species. Correlation analysis between the RFC, UV and FL% was tested by Pearson’s correlation, SPSS (ver. 16). A total of 38 plant species belonging to 27 families were being used in the study area to treat Urolithiasis or kidney stone diseases. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 5 species. Local people used different methods of preparation for different plant parts; among them, decoction was the popular and dominant way of preparation (52.6%), followed by powder (18.4%), extracts (15.7%), juice (7.8%) and cooked (5.2%). The highest UV was recorded for Rumex acetosa L. (1.14) followed by Agrimonia eupatoria L. (1.1), Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (1.05), Aerva lanata L. (1.04), Eclipta alba Hassak. (1.03). Moreover, twenty-three species were recoded with above 50% Fidelity level. It was found that most of the plant species (16 species) were explicitly used to remove kidney stones. All the obtained data about the ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat urinary tract ailments are alphabetically categorized to their botanical name/family, local name, phytoconstituents, dosage and route of administration, along with quantitative indices value. All the collected ethnomedicinal plants require a thorough scientific investigation for isolation, identification, biochemical assays, toxicities and evaluation of pharmacological activities of the phytoconstituents, especially of the plants recorded with a high-fidelity level before their usage in clinics.

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