Ratings of Speech Naturalness of Children Ages 8–16 Years

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Coughlin-Woods ◽  
Mark E. Lehman ◽  
Paul A. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Likert Rating Scale ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Normal Speaking ◽  
Speech Naturalness

The focus of this cross-sectional study was the investigation of Speech Naturalness (speech that sounds normal or natural to the listener) of 60 normal speaking children and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 16 years. 26 naive adult listeners rated the naturalness of videotaped and computer-presented speech samples, using a 9-point-Likert rating scale (1: highly natural sounding speech and 9: highly unnatural sounding speech). The children and adolescents who participated as speakers were distributed among 5 age groups (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 yr.) with 6 boys and 6 girls in each group. Each child demonstrated normal articulation, language, voice, and speech fluency skills. Age and sex comparisons indicated boys' and girls' speech was rated comparably; however, 8-yr.-olds' speech was rated as significantly less natural than those of 12-, 14-, and 16-yr.-olds. Preliminary ratings of Speech Naturalness for normal speaking children were presented. Suggestions for the clinical application of the findings as a target criterion in treatment programs with communicatively impaired children were suggested. Replication with a larger and more representative sample is in order.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

scholarly journals A study on premenstrual syndrome symptoms and their association with sleep quality in nursing staff

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Gauri Kore ◽  
Heena Merchant ◽  
Hiba Narvel ◽  
Ajita Nayak ◽  
Avinash De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background: Symptoms in the premenstrual period can be debilitating and troublesome and impacts the general health of women. There is a dearth of studies examining the relationship between sleep quality and premenstrual symptoms in women, especially in Indian settings. The current study was conducted with the aim of looking at the frequency of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in different age groups and the association of these symptoms with sleep quality in nursing staff.Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 450 female nursing staff between 25- 50 years of age from various tertiary care hospitals who were administered the Premenstrual Tension Syndrome Rating Scale (PMTS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data was then statistically analyzed.Results: The prevalence of premenstrual symptoms was found to be 85.6% amongst the participants (according to the ACOG criteria), while the proportion of females suffering from PMS (according to DSM IVTR criteria) was 36.5%. A correlation analysis between total scores of PMTS and PSQI showed a positive, linear and significant association.Conclusions: The intensity of PMS was associated with reduction in sleep quality in present study. Further studies on PMS and sleep related parameters need to carry out in larger samples to give impetus to our findings.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EATING BEHAVIOR AND FOOD NEOPHOBIA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM UBERABA-MG

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taísa Alves Silva ◽  
Maísa Tirintan Jordani ◽  
Isabela Garcia da Cunha Guimarães ◽  
Luciene Alves ◽  
Camila Bitu Moreno Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate and compare the eating behavior and food neophobia of children and adolescents from different age groups, body mass index per age, and sex. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample, involving 150 children and adolescents aged 3 to 13 years, of both sexes, treated at a pediatric outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in the municipality of Uberaba-MG, Brazil. Subscales of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) were used to evaluate eating behavior, and the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) was used to evaluate food neophobia. Results: Higher scores were found in the subscales “food responsiveness” (p=0.015), “enjoyment of food” (p=0.002), and “emotional overeating” (p=0.009) among older children and adolescents. Younger children had higher scores in the subscales “satiety responsiveness” (p=0.004) and “slowness in eating” (p=0.001). There was a tendency toward higher scores for “food responsiveness” (p=0.005) and “emotional overeating” (p=0.013) in participants with severe obesity. There were no differences in the scale of food neophobia. Overall, food neophobia positively correlated with lack of interest in food and negatively correlated with interest in food. Conclusions: The study showed significant differences in some domains of eating behavior among children and adolescents of the sample; however, no differences were found regarding food neophobia. These results may contribute to the improvement of future interventions related to infant eating behavior and food neophobia.

scholarly journals Anemia among children and adolescents in a rural area

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Riyanto Widjaja ◽  
Felix Firyanto Widjaja ◽  
Lucyana Alim Santoso ◽  
Erick Wonggokusuma ◽  
Oktaviati Oktaviati
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background Anemia in children and adolescents affects growthand development. It is a preventable disease, but unfortunately isoften ignored until the symptoms occur. There have been limitedreports on the prevalence of anemia in children and adolescentsin Indonesia, especially from rural areas.Objective To describe the prevalence of anemia in children andadolescents in district ofMalinau, a rural area in East KalimantanProvince.Methods This cross-sectional study was done in June 20 10 usinglaboratory records between July 2009 to January 20 10. Laboratoryrecords of patients aged between 6 months and 18 years whichinvestigated were complete blood count (CBC) from ambulatory,inpatient, and emergency care ofMalinau Public Hospital in EastKalimantan. Mentzer and England & Fraser indices were used todifferentiate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia amongmicrocytic hypochromic anemic patients.Results This study involved 709 laboratory records. Prevalenceof anemia was 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2% to 57 .5%) . The prevalenceof IDA among age groups were as follows: 29.4% (95% CI 24.3to 34.5%) in 6- 59 months group, 16% (95% CI 11 to 21 %) in5- 11.9 years, and 15.2% (95% CI 10.2 to 20.2%) in 12- 18 years.Children aged 6- 59 months tended to have more anemia th anthose aged 5- 11.9 years (OR 2. 184, 95% CI 1.398 to 3.413) oraged 12- 18 years (OR 2.3 19, 95% CI 1.464 to 3.674).Conclusion T he prevalence of an emia in children andadolescents of the Malinau Regency is 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2 to57.5%), quite similar to that of other developing countries . Agovernment program to overcome anemia is recommended, n otonly for pregnant women, but also for children and adolescents.

Importance of Facial Physical Attractiveness of Audiovisual Models in Descriptions and Preferences of Children and Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ruiz ◽  
Elena Conde ◽  
Esteban Torres
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Desirable Characteristic

We performed a cross-sectional study with three age groups (8, 14, and 17 years) to evaluate developmental differences in stereotyped beliefs about physical attractiveness and the value of this as perceived by the participants. Given the current importance of television in the development of social knowledge, television models were used. The children and adolescents were asked to evaluate, using bipolar open scales, the physical attractiveness, likeableness, generosity, intelligence, fun, and altruism of 12 television models of both sexes, previously selected by judges, as well as the desire to resemble or feel close to the models. Analysis showed developmental differences across age groups both in the concept of physical attractiveness and in stereotyped beliefs about this. As in other areas of social knowledge, the younger children's responses were bipolar, global, and much more stereotyped, while the adolescents introduced subtle distinctions and elaborated their responses. Nevertheless, physical attractiveness appeared a desirable characteristic for all age groups.

scholarly journals Presentation of menopausal symptoms: A village based community study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Srivastava ◽  
Ritu Srivastava ◽  
Balram Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The present observational, cross sectional study was carried out in rural women (n=117) from the Varanasi area with natural menopause to evaluate menopausal symptoms in women above the age of 40, as well as to evaluate the correlation of age on these symptoms. Materials and Methods: A crossectional assessment by interviewing regarding the menopausal complaints in the following 40-44(n=27), 45- 50(n=30) and above 50 (n =60) years age groups. Menstrual rating scale (MRS) was administered to all the women forming the sample. Results: Mean age at menopause was 47.35 years. Mean number of menopausal symptoms in three age groups were as (mean±SD)10.53±7.33, 7.70± 6.76 and14.50±10.77 respectively, which varied significantly (F=4.86, df=2, 87, P=0.009). The study reveal, varying nature of symptoms with age and MDSM (Mean Duration since Menopause), with vasomotor symptoms being more prevalent with lesser MDSM and psychological and rheumatic complaints more prevalent with increasing age and MDSM in this region. Conclusion: Such regional studies will help to corroborate data so that health care providers can plan strategies for the middle aged women suffering from these menopausal symptoms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.8431 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 87-90

scholarly journals Relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene and malocclusion among Syrian refugee children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen A. Salim ◽  
Rasha A. Alamoush ◽  
Mariam Mohammad Al-Abdallah ◽  
Aya Ahmed Al-Asmar ◽  
Julian D. Satterthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syrian Refugee

Abstract Background Little is known about the oral disease burden in refugee children and associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the oral hygiene status and prevalence of caries, and to investigate their association with malocclusion characteristics in a child refugee population. Methods 606 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 7–19 years, registered as refugees in Jordan and residing in Zaatari camp, were recruited to the study. Oral hygiene and caries status were recorded using DMFT (mean of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth) and OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) according to WHO criteria. Oral health results were then cross tabulated with previously reported malocclusion traits for the same study sample (crowding, spacing, contact point deflection and IOTN) to detect any associations. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Welch test and Post Hoc testing (Gabriel and Games-Howell). Results Overall DMFT and OHI-S were 4.32 and 1.33 respectively with no difference between males and females. Around 40% of the sample showed ≥ 5 DMFT score. 96.1% of the sample either do not brush or brush occasionally: females showed better oral hygiene practices (P = 0.002). No significant differences in DMFT scores were noted for gender or age, other than the 7–9.9 year old group having significantly higher mean DMFT scores than all other age groups (P < 0.01);the mean of OHI-S was not significantly different between different age groups (P = 0.927). Subjects with malocclusion, specifically crowding, contact point deflection and IOTN grades 3, 4 and 5 had higher scores in both arches for OHI-S and DMFT than subjects without malocclusion traits, although this was not statistically significant for DMFT scores. Overall, patients with generalized spacing had a significantly lower OHI-S score than those without spacing (P = 0.021). Significant correlations were found between parameters of intra-arch and inter-arch relationships and oral health indices (DMFT and OHI-S). Conclusion Malocclusion may increase the risk of caries and periodontal disease; the magnitude of this risk is amplified in populations with poor oral health and limited access to oral healthcare services, highlighting the need for preventive and curative oral health programs.

Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in Vilnius area children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Augustina Jankauskienė ◽  
Daiva Vaičiūnienė ◽  
Indrė Stacevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Lower Urinary

Background. Lower urinary tract symptoms are a common problem world­wide among children. The aim of the study was to evaluate how common lower urinary tract symptoms are among children and adolescents in the Vilnius area. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study comprised 360 children (5–11 years) and 388 adolescents (12–18 years) who were hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital or referred for consultation for different health reasons not related to urination problems. Data were obtained by using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The data were compared between gender (344 boys and 404 girls) and age groups (children and adolescents). Results. Only a half (55.7%) of all questioned children and adolescents had no lower urinary tract symptoms. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) was found in 8.7%, urgency in 34.0% and daytime wetting in 24.6% of the questioned children and adolescents. Monosymptomatic NE accounted for 20.0% of NE. Secondary NE was seen in a quarter (24.5%) of children with NE. Lower urinary tract symptoms were more prevalent in children compared to adolescents (56.1% vs 38.1%, p = 0.000). There were no significant differences between genders except urgency, which was more frequent in girls (29.4% vs 37.9%, p = 0.014). Conclusion. Lower urinary tract symptoms are frequent in children and adolescents in the Vilnius area, so they need greater attention by healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Risk of Suicidal Events in Youths Taking Atomoxetine Compared with Those on Methylphenidate; An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padideh Ghaeli ◽  
Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei ◽  
Leila Kouti ◽  
Alia Shakiba ◽  
Reza Hazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Stimulants such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, a nonstimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, are approved for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Associations between the use of methylphenidate or atomoxetine with suicidal ideation and suicide-related behavior have been reported in the literature. The present study aimed to compare the effects of atomoxetine with that of methylphenidate on suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents. Methods: Children and adolescents between 7 to 17 years of age with the diagnosis of ADHD, based on DSM-5 criteria, were included in this observational, cross sectional study. The suicidal ideation was assessed among children and adolescents who have been receiving either atomoxetine or methylphenidate for at least 12 months prior to entering the study. A Farsi version of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory was applied for the assessment. Differences among age groups, duration of therapy and comparison of positive and negative scores in both genders were analyzed using t-test. In addition, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the differences in positive and negative scores among different age groups. Moreover, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to examine the effects of past history of drugs and other present illnesses on suicidal ideation. P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 57 students between 7 to 17 years of age were enrolled in this study. Twenty-eight patients have been taking atomoxetine at doses of 10 to 60 mg/day while 29 were on methylphenidate 7.50-55 mg/day. The mean positive and negative scores in the atomoxetine group were found to significantly differ (P=0.001) from those in the methylphenidate group. No risk of suicidal ideation was detected in the atomoxetine group, while in the methylphenidate group 15 out of 29 patients (51.7%) scored above the cutoff point. In terms of the relationship between suicidal ideation and history of other drugs prior to the current therapy and other concurrent disorders, chi-square test showed no significant difference in methylphenidate group (P=0.100 and 0.500 respectively). This analysis was not considered in atomoxetine group due to the absence of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The authors of this study suggest that atomoxetine may be a safer choice than methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD when suicidal ideation is a concern. In this regard, monitoring suicidal ideation and behavior along with family education should be considered in all children and adolescents suffering ADHD.

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