Effect of High and Low Motivation on Two Aspects of Attention

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. McNamara ◽  
R. I. Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Performance Task ◽  
Scanning Process ◽  
Motivational Intensity ◽  
Attention Process ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Low Motivation

Two procedures were carried out to evaluate the effect of motivational intensity and relevance on attention. The experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that intense motivation acts consistently to reduce the number of cues utilized in a learning and/or performance task when these cues are relevant to the completion of a task. The results of the present study point to the existence of two functionally independent processes: (1) a span of attention process, concerned with the extent and breadth of attentional activity directed to stimuli which are relevant to a task; and (2) a scanning process, related to the fixation and recall of specific cue stimuli relevant to a task. It is this latter process which was postulated to be disrupted by high motivation.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS VSDN 001 RUMBAI KOTA PEKANBARU

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Asmardi '
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Audio Media ◽  
Low Motivation

This study aims to reveal the influence of the use of Media Audio and Motivation Learning students to the Indonesian student learning outcomes through four formulation of the problem: (1) whether there is any influence student learning outcomes using audio media than the conventional way students learn?, (2) whether the student that have a high motivation using audio media to obtain higher learning outcomes than students to have high motivation to study by conventional means?, (3) whether students who have low motivation to learn by using audio media to obtain higher learning outcomes than students have low motivation to learn with the conventional way?, and (4) whether there is interaction between the use of audio media and students' motivation towards learning Indonesian? This research is a quasi experimental by treatment block. This research was conducted at SDN 001 Rumbai Pekanbaru semester odd years 2010/2011. Samples were taken with Porposive random sampling technique. Data were collected through the initial test and final test. Data were analyzed using t test and analysis of variance.The results of data analysis showed that: Students who studied on the basis of audio media to obtain higher learning outcomes than students who learn by conventional means. Students who have high motivation to learn with audio media to obtain higher learning outcomes than students who have high motivation to study by conventional means. Students who have low motivation to learn based on audio media to obtain higher learning outcomes than students who have low motivation to study by conventional means. There was no interaction between the audio media and students' motivation. It can be concluded that the audio media significantly influence student learning outcomes.

Manipulation of Attention during Reading Using Programmed Prose

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Carver
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
New Technique ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Facilitated Learning ◽  
Low Motivation

Programmed prose, a new technique similar in some ways to the cloze technique, was investigated as a method for manipulating attention during reading. It was anticipated that programmed prose would act to increase attention in low motivation conditions, where attention would be expected to wane, and thereby facilitate learning. It was also expected that programmed prose would act as a distractor under high motivation conditions, where attention would not be expected to wane, and thereby inhibit learning. Fifty-eight college students were presented a 1720 word passage to read. Two groups received the passage in a regular prose format. One of these groups was told they would be paid on the basis of how well they did on the retention test. Two other groups received the passage in a programmed prose format. One of these two groups was also told that they would be paid on the basis of how well they did on the retention test. The programmed prose facilitated learning under the low motivation conditions and inhibited learning under the high motivation condition, as had been anticipated.

Influence of motivation on behaviour in the hermit crab, Pagurus samuelis

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Billock ◽  
Stephen G. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Intertidal Environments ◽  
Low Motivation

Both the need for shelter and the need for food can be motivations that alter animal behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that the hermit crab, Pagurus samuelis, deprived of food, shells, or both will respond differently from control hermit crabs when presented with food and shells concurrently. We measured the number of contacts made with both food and shells, and time elapsed until hermit crabs either began feeding or inserted into shells. We interpreted making few contacts and initiating behaviour quickly to be an indication of short decision time and high motivation; whereas, making many contacts and having long initiation time indicated a long decision time and low motivation to acquire resources. Control (C) hermit crabs made 72% more contacts with food and 53% more contacts with shells than shell-less (S) crabs. Control hermit crabs also made 34% more contacts with food and 35% more contacts with shells than starved and shell-less (StS) hermit crabs. This suggests that S hermit crabs were more motivated to acquire shells than C crabs. In addition, StS hermit crabs chose to insert into provided shells, while hermit crabs remaining in their shells chose to feed. Results indicate that being shell-less is a stronger motivation than being starved, such that finding shelter takes priority over finding food when both are needed. In rocky intertidal environments, resources such as food and shells are likely to be ephemeral. Hermit crabs that are motivated to make appropriate decisions to acquire specific resources may have a distinct advantage over those that are distracted by numerous objects in their environment.

scholarly journals Differences in Sources of Information, Risk Perception, and Cognitive Appraisals between People with Various Latent Classes of Motivation to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 and Previous Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Facebook Survey Study with Latent Profile Analysis in Taiwan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Yi-Lung Chen ◽  
Yen-Ju Lin ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Risk ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Low Motivation

The present study aimed (1) to identify distinct latent classes of motivation to get vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and previous seasonal influenza vaccination among people in Taiwan and (2) to examine the roles of sources of information, risk perception, and cognitive appraisals of vaccination against COVID-19 in these classes. We recruited 1047 participants through a Facebook advertisement. The participants’ motivation to get vaccinated against COVID-19, previous seasonal influenza vaccination, sources of information about COVID-19 vaccination, risk perception of COVID-19, and cognitive appraisals of vaccination against COVID-19 were determined. We examined the participants’ motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and previous seasonal influenza vaccination through latent profile analysis. Four latent classes of motivation were identified: participants with high motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and high seasonal influenza vaccination, those with high motivation for COVID-19 vaccination but low seasonal influenza vaccination, those with low motivation for COVID-19 vaccination but high seasonal influenza vaccination, and those with low motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and low seasonal influenza vaccination. Compared with participants in the latent class of high motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and high seasonal influenza vaccination, those in the other three latent classes had lower levels of positive appraisals of COVID-19 vaccination; participants in the latent class of low motivation for COVID-19 vaccination and low seasonal influenza vaccination had lower risk perception of COVID-19 and were also less likely to obtain information about COVID-19 vaccination from the internet, friends, and family members. The various motivations and behaviors for vaccination, sources of information, risk perception, and cognitive appraisals of vaccination against COVID-19 should be considered in intervention programs aiming to increase people’s motivation to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Use of Cooperative Learning Models, Individual and Learning Motivation in Improving Student Learning Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sumarwoto .
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
High Learning ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Improving Student Learning ◽  
Low Motivation

The purpose of this research to determine the effect of learning outcomes between cooperative and individual learning models applied to Class VII students in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek, knowing the difference in learning outcomes between students who have high motivation, high learning and students who have low motivation in Class VII students in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek and know the interaction between cooperative learning models, individual and learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Class VII students in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek. The analysis used using data analysis used in this study is to use two-way analysis of variance techniques. The results of the study explain that there are differences in the learning outcomes of class VII students who are taught using the cooperative method compared to students who are taught using individual learning at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek. There are differences in the learning outcomes of class VII students who have high learning motivation compared to class VII students who have low motivation at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek. There is an interaction between the application of cooperative learning methods and class students' learning motivation on the learning outcomes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek, where classes that apply cooperative learning methods to students who have high motivation have better learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dengan Menerapkan Peer Tutoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Purnama Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Low Motivation

This research was conducted with the aim to determine whether the implementation of peer tutoring equipped with handouts can improve student motivation and learning outcomes in class VII odd semester SMP Negeri-1 Lintongnihuta T.A. 2019/2020. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects of this study were 1 class students of class VII, totaling 32 students. The data collection technique uses 20 questions of learning outcomes in the form of multiple choice questions and observation format sheets. The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that peer tutoring equipped with handouts could improve: (1) student learning motivation, in cycle I it was obtained students with high motivation (6 people), medium motivation (8 people) and low motivation (18 people), while in cycle II students with high motivation (20 people), medium motivation (12 people) and no more students who have low motivation; (2) Student learning outcomes in cognitive aspects. In the first cycle, the cognitive aspects of student learning completeness are 25% with an average value of 55, while in the second cycle it reaches 100% with an average value of 89.38.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PEER TUTORING DILENGKAPI HANDOUT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnama Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Low Motivation

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing whether the implementation of peer tutoring equipped with handouts can improve student motivation and learning outcomes in class VII odd semester SMP Negeri-1 Lintongnihuta T.A. 2019/2020. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects of this study were 1 class VII students, totaling 32 students. The data collection technique uses 20 questions of learning outcomes in the form of multiple choice questions and observation format sheets. The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that peer tutoring equipped with handouts could improve: (1) student learning motivation, in cycle I, students with high motivation (10 people), medium motivation (5 people) and low motivation (17 people) were obtained, while in cycle II students with high motivation (18 people), medium motivation (14 people) and no more students who have low motivation; (2) Student learning outcomes in cognitive aspects. In the first cycle, the cognitive aspects of student learning completeness were 21.88% with an average value of 30.16, while in the second cycle it reached 93.75% with an average value of 87.97.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL AND MOTIVATION ON PHYSICS OUTCOMES LEARNING STUDENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia Megawati Pardede ◽  
Sondang Rina Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Training Models ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Low Motivation

The purposes of the research are: (a) to determine differences in learning outcomes of students with Inquiry Training models and conventional models, (b) to determine differences in physics learning outcomes of students who have high motivation and low motivation, (c) to determine the interaction between learning models with the level of motivation in improving student Physics learning outcomes. The results were found: (a) there are differences in physical students learning outcomes are taught by Inquiry Training models and conventional models. (b) learning outcomes of students who are taught by Inquiry Learning Model Training better than student learning outcomes are taught with conventional model. (c) there is a difference in student's learning outcomes that have high motivation and low motivation. (d) Student learning outcomes that have a high motivation better than student learning outcomes than have a low motivation. (e) there is interaction between learning and motivation to student learning outcomes. Learning outcomes of students who are taught by the model is influenced also by the motivation, while learning outcomes of students who are taught with conventional models are not affected by motivation.

scholarly journals INTERACTION BETWEEN DUAL TEACHING MEDIA AND MOTIVATION ON THE STUDENTS’ LISTENING ACHIEVEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Wiwin Pratiwi Harsa ◽  
Amrin . Saragih ◽  
Rahmad . Husein
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Audio Media ◽  
Low Motivation

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study are to describe the interaction between the results of teaching by audio visual and audio teaching media, and motivation towards the students’ listening. The research design was experimental research by using factorial design 2x2. There were 64 students from grade eighth in 2020/2021 academic year of SMP Al Washliyah 8 Medan as sample of this research. The students were divided into two groups. The first group was treated by using audio visual media and the second group was treated by using audio media. The motivation test was conducted for classifying the students upon the high and low motivation by using questionnaire. Students’ achievement in listening was measured by using multiple choice tests. The data were analyzed by applying Two-ways ANOVA, the results revealed that students’ listening achievement taught by using audio visual media significantly higher than that taught by using audio media and students’ listening achievement with high motivation was higher than students with low motivation. There was significant interaction between dual teaching media and motivation on the students’ listening achievement with Fobserved is lower than Ftable at the level significance α = 0.05 (Fobs = 1.76 < Ftab = 2.81) however, the value of significant level is α = 0.19 higher than 0.05. Thus, both teaching media and motivation significantly affect the students’ listening achievement.Keywords: Teaching Listening, Audio Visual Media, Audio Media, Motivation, Listening Achievement.

scholarly journals Motivasi Ibu dalam Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Bayi : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Maulida Yulianti ◽  
Ratnawati Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Low Motivation

AbstractBreast milk is the main source of nutrition for babies who many benefits. Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended to mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months. The mother needs motivation in the success of giving exclusive breast milk. Breastfeeding motivation is the motivation, advice, and decision to give breast milk. The purpose this study aims to find out the motivation of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding in infants through literature review. The method used is descriptive design, data collection method literature review and used 5 articles from database with electronic search on Garba Garuda and Search Engine published in 2012-2021. The result of this study showed that 358 (58%) respondents had high motivation and 259 (42%) respondents was low motivation. The conclusion of this study respondents who had more high motivation than respondents who had low motivation. The higher the motivation of a mother, the higher the mother will also give exclusive breast milk to her baby.Keywords: mother breastfeeding; exclusive breastfeeding; motivation AbstrakAir susu Ibu merupakan sumber nutisi utama bagi bayi yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Pemberian air susu ibu secara eksklusif sangat dianjurkan bagi ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Ibu memerlukan motivasi dalam keberhasilan memberikan ASI eksklusif. Motivasi menyusui merupakan dorongan, nasihat, dan keputusan untuk memberikan ASI. Tujuan pnenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi ibu menyusui pada bayi melalui literature review. Metode yang digunakan yaitu desain deskriptif, metode pengumpulan data dengan literature review dan menggunakan 5 artikel dari database dengan penelusuran elektronik di Garba Garuda dan Search Engine yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2012-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 358 (58%) responden memiliki motivasi tinggi dan 259 (42%) responden memiliki motivasi rendah. Simpulan penelitian ini responden yang memiliki motivasi tinggi lebih banyak daripada responden yang memiliki motivasi rendah. Semakin tinggi motivasi seorang ibu maka semakin tinggi pula ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayinya.Kata kunci: Ibu menyusui; ASI eksklusif; motivasi

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