Auditory Discrimination in Conditions of Noise and Quiet by Black and White Disadvantaged Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
C. Milton Blue ◽  
Glenn A. Vergason
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The auditory discrimination of first and third grade children of low socio-economic status was investigated. 17 black and 17 white children were randomly selected from the two grades. The condition for listening was varied, i.e., discrimination in condition of quiet and discrimination in condition of noise, through the use of the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination. White third graders were superior performers. The expectation, from the literature, that the auditory discrimination of children from low socio-economic levels would be depressed in conditions of noise was not supported. In fact, black children performed in an inferior manner in conditions of quiet.

Race Differences in Antisocial Behaviors and Attitudes and Early Initiation of Substance Use

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wells ◽  
Diane M. Morrison ◽  
Mary R. Gillmore ◽  
Richard F. Catalano ◽  
Bonita Iritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
American Children

This article examines racial differences in self-reported delinquency, school trouble, antisocial attitudes, and toughness and in teacher-rated aggressive and inattentive behaviors among fifth grade black, white, and Asian American subjects. Also examined are the relationships of these variables to substance initiation within each racial group. Controlling for socio-economic status, racial groups differed from one another in self-reported delinquency, school trouble and toughness, and in teacher-rated aggressiveness and inattention. Antisocial behavior and attitudes were stronger predictors of substance initiation for Asian American than for black and white children. For white children both self-reported and teacher-rated behavior were significantly related to substance initiation. For black children, only self-reported antisocial behavior, and for Asian American children only self-reported delinquent behavior and attitudes predicted substance initiation. Implications for prevention and research are discussed.

Effect of Race on the Outcome of Pediatric Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika L. Metzger ◽  
Sharon M. Castellino ◽  
Melissa M. Hudson ◽  
Shesh N. Rai ◽  
Sue C. Kaste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
White Children ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Patients

Purpose Some cooperative groups have found a survival disadvantage in black children with various childhood cancers. We examine the effects of race on clinical outcomes among children with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) treated with contemporary therapy at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of 327 children and adolescents diagnosed with HL between 1990 and 2005. Patients were treated with risk-directed multimodal therapy regardless of race, ethnicity, or ability to pay. Event-free and overall survival rates were compared for black and white children. Clinical characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and biologic features were analyzed for prognosis of treatment failure. Results The 262 white and 65 black patients did not differ significantly in presenting features, clinical characteristics, or enrollment in a clinical trial. More black patients (71% v 45%) resided in poor counties (P < .001). While black and white children were equally likely to have progressive disease or early relapse, black children were 3.7 times (95% CI, 1.7 to 8.0) more likely to relapse 12 months or more after diagnosis. The 5-year event-free survival was 71% ± 6.1% (SE) for black and 84% ± 2.4% for white children (P = .01). However, the 5-year survival rate did not differ between white and black children (94.4% v 94.7%). While black race and low hemoglobin concentration were independent predictors of treatment failure, only low hemoglobin concentration independently predicted poor survival. Conclusion Black children with Hodgkin's lymphoma have lower event-free survival than white children, but both populations have the same 5-year overall survival.

Differences in attachment security between African-American and white children: ethnicity or socio-economic status?

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
Pieter M. Kroonenberg
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
White Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Intellectual Differences in Black and White Southern Low Achievers

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1269-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theron M. Covin ◽  
Gary L. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Verbal Performance

WISC IQs obtained by 300 black children and 300 white children were compared. The subjects were 15 white males, 15 white females, 15 black males, and 15 black females at each age level from 6 to 15 yr. Mean IQs on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale for blacks were 6968, 6992, and 6691 respectively and were significantly lower than the respective average of 7980, 7980, and 7950 for whites. Means, standard deviations, and ts for stratified samples by sex and race were also reported.

The Effect of Age, Sex, Race, and Economic Status on Dental Caries Experience of the Permanent Dentition

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461
Author(s):  
Nathaniel H. Rowe ◽  
Stanley M. Garn ◽  
Diane C. Clark ◽  
Kenneth E. Guire ◽  
Charles U. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Effect Of Age

The Ten-State Nutrition Survey data show a consistent, dramatic, and meaningful difference in dental caries experience between black and white children at all ages. This difference transcends socioeconomic grouping, nutritional level, and developmental status. This study also has shown an apparently protective effect of poverty insofar as dental caries is concerned. Children from lower-income families experienced less dental caries than children from higher-income families.

North Carolina’s Public Schools: Growth and Local Taxation

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-291
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
State Government ◽  
White Students ◽  
School Boards ◽  
Black Children ◽  
The State ◽  
White Children ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Schools

The Rapid increase in public spending for white schools that occurred in North Carolina after the turn of the century led to a large racial disparity in the amount spent per child by 1910. Previous scholars have attributed this racial difference in school spending to the disfranchisement of the black voter (Margo, 1982). It was argued that once blacks were prevented from voting, the white members of the school boards were able to divert the public funds which were initially allocated for the education of black children. The most widely accepted version of this theory is credited to Horace Mann Bond (1934) who studied education expenditures for black children in Alabama. Bond argued that the governmental level at which schools were financed was important in determining the racial division of public school funds since the white members of the county school boards were particularly inclined to divert the funds allocated by the state government. The state funds which were allocated to the local school boards in Alabama were not required to be shared equally between black and white students. After blacks had been disfranchised, the county school boards responded by allocating a disproportionate share of these state funds for the education of white children.

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