Variability of Prior Practice in Learning and Retention of a Novel Motor Response

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Magill ◽  
T. Gilmour Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transfer Trial ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Practice Trials ◽  
Linear Slide

The schema theory prediction that variability of practice would influence the strength of the motor response schema was investigated. Three groups of subjects, defined by much, little, or no variability of distances moved in prior practice on a linear-slide apparatus, completed 12 initial practice trials. Subjects then had 10 trials to estimate a novel distance from a new starting point. Knowledge of results was provided on the first three trials and withdrawn on the last seven trials. No differences in accuracy of production of the novel distance were noted although evidence for a stronger schema by the group with little variability was noted on the second transfer trial. On the trials on which knowledge of results was withdrawn this stronger schema group maintained performance while the other two groups showed a decrement in performance.

scholarly journals Over de referentiële waarde van Juffrouw Lina (1888) van M. Emants, van Chateaubriand (1908) van E. Masoin en van de gevalsstudies van J.M. Charcot

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Elke Van Nieuwenhuyze
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
French Writer ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Jean Martin Charcot

The aim of this article is to trace the referential value of juffrouw Lina (1888)as part of its narrative organisation by means of the narrativist historical theoryof Frank Ankersmit. This starting point demands a confrontation of thisnaturalist novel by Marcellus Emants with the contemporary medical biographyof the French writer and politician Chateaubriand by the Belgian physicianErnest Masoin on the one hand and with some case studies of hystericsby the famous French docter Jean-Martin Charcot on the other hand. lt willbe argued that the narrativity of the novel plays a key-role in the constructionof its referential value on various levels.

Development of a Mechanism for Detection of Error and Retention of a Graded Motor Response

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Wrisberg ◽  
Gregory R. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Loop Theory ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Specific Fraction ◽  
Final Group ◽  
Criterion Location

Several methods for developing an internal mechanism for error detection were compared to determine the extent to which a self-paced response could be acquired and retained without knowledge of results. During training, blindfolded subjects attempted to learn a positioning response under one of three conditions. One group was presented with the criterion end location by means of a stop and then required to recall the location with the stop removed. A second group moved the total distance of the track and then was instructed to replace the slide in a location representing a specific fraction of the total. A final group of subjects learned the criterion location by using post-response knowledge of results administered on each trial. Following acquisition subjects were given retention trials involving only repetition of the acquired response. The development of a strong mechanism for error detection was indicated only for those groups presented with the standard or with post-response knowledge of results. During retention trials (without knowledge of results), performance of the group required to learn the criterion by estimating a fraction of the total range was characterized by significantly greater response biasing and less consistency than the other conditions. The findings were discussed in terms of several predictions from Adams' (1971) closed-loop theory of motor learning.

scholarly journals Schulz, duchy i meblościanka

Schulz/Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Marcin Romanowski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Central Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Historical Moment

The paper presents an analysis of the “Schulzoid” novel by Dominika Słowik, Atlas: Döppelganger, which addressed the topic of passing from adolescence to adulthood during the Polish systemic transformation. The author’s starting point is the famous interpretation of Schulz’s fiction by Artur Sandauer in his essay “The Degraded Reality” [Rzeczywistość zdegradowana], based on a claim that Schulz represented in his own way the experience of the decomposition of the known world as a result of the capitalist expansion in the early 20th century. The analysis focuses on the figure of the grandfather and the transformation itself. The former is the central character in the narrator’s mythology of childhood: he keeps telling fascinating stories about life at sea, on the other hand being a fantasist who tries to alleviate his sense of exclusion from the new reality. The systemic transformation has been represented in Słowik’s novel by a series of antinomies as well. The nostalgic and sublime descriptions of the material conditions at the turning point have been combined with the pictures of degradation and trash. Then the novel is placed against the background of the literature of the 1990s, summed up by Olga Drenda’s essay, Duchologia polska. Słowik remembers the material conditions of the period of the systemic transformation and the trashy, though also sentimental, aesthetics of the historical moment when she and other authors of her generation were children. This makes the author of the paper compare their writing with Schulz’s postulate of the return to childhood. Yet in Schulz’s fiction childhood is the source of a private mythology – the images that constitute the writer’s imagination. The writers of the 1990s make a turn toward the reminiscences of childhood to revise critically the myths of the historical turning moment and to articulate their own and their generation’s experience of the transformation.

scholarly journals Søren Kierkegaard y Friedrich Schlegel: vivir poéticamente. Un diálogo crítico en torno a la novela Lucinde. Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Schlegel: Living Poetically. A Critical Dialogue On to the Novel Lucinde

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Elena Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Friedrich Schlegel ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Poetic Work ◽  
Harsh Critique

En estas páginas nos proponemos realizar un “diálogo crítico” entre Friedrich Schlegel y Søren Kierkegaard, tomando como punto de partida la novela Lucinde. Aunque inconclusa, ya que Schlegel planeaba todo un proyecto que no realizó, la novela Lucinde no le fue indiferente al joven Kierkegaard. A pesar de la dura crítica que lanza sobre el escrito de Schlegel, éste fue de enorme interés para Kierkegaard por el romanticismo, por un lado, y por otro, por darle la posibilidad para desarrollar una interesante estrategia para oponerse al romanticismo y crear una obra poética al servicio del cristianismo. Por todo ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es resaltar la influencia de Schlegel sobre Kierkegaard, así como el nuevo sentido que el filósofo danés dará a la idea de “vida poética”. Our focus in this paper is to make a “critical dialogue” between Friedrich Schlegel and Søren Kierkegaard, taking as a starting point the novel Lucinde. Even it was unfinished, because Schlegel planned an entire project that was not concluded, the novel Lucinde did not stay indifferent to the young Kierkegaard. Despite his harsh critique over Schlegel ́s writing it was decisive for Kierkegaard ́s interest with romanticism, by one hand, and by the other, allowed Kierkegaard to develope and interesting strategy of opposition to romanticism and creating a poetic work at the service of Christianity. Therefore the aim of this paper is to underline the influence of Schlegel on Kierkegaard, as well as to present the new direction that the Danish philosopher gives to the idea of “poetic life”. 

scholarly journals A klisé ismeretlensége, avagy a kalkulálható világtalanság

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Hoványi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Starting Point

In my essay i begin a critical dialogue with the monograph of Tibor Bónus entitled A másik titok (The other Secret). acknowledging its interpretive advantages and force, i question the study (mis)reading the novel Édes Anna regarding the sacred elements that appear in various forms within the novel. along these lines, i mention possible interpretations that could have enriched the results of the study, and also reveal the possible causes of the continuous misreading of the interpretive starting point frequently mentioned by the author, in his words, of the theological or Christian cliché.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

Wacana Kolonial dalam Novel Max Havelaar: Sebuah Kajian Poskolonial

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Ramadhan Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

AbstrakHegemoni kolonialisme dalam budaya poskolonial merupakan alasan penelitian inikemudian mengkaji wacana kolonial dalam novel Max Havellar (MH) khususnya dampakditimbulkannya. Dampak dimaksud adalah posisi keberpihakan pemikiran tersirat darikarya tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan, secara temporal maupun permanen MHmenyuarakan ketidakadilan dalam kondisi-kondisi kolonial menyangkut penindasan sangpenjajah terhadap terjajah. Hanya saja, upaya mengatasnamakan atau mewakili suarakaum terjajah terbukti mengimplikasikan ciri ideologis statis kerangka kolonialisme(orientalisme); yakni cara pandang Eropasentris, di mana “Barat” sebagai self adalah superior,dan “Timur” sebagai other adalah inferior. Dalam konteks poskolonialisme, MH dengan sifatkritisnya yang berupaya “menyuarakan” nasib pribumi terjajah, justru menampilkan stigmapenguatan kolonialitas itu sendiri secara hegemonik. Artinya, “menyuarakan” nasib pribumidimaknai sebagai keberpihankan kolonial yang kontradiktif, di mana stigma penguatankolonialitas justru lebih terasa, ujung-ujungnya melanggengkan hegemoni kolonial. Tidakmembela yang terjajah, tetapi memperhalus cara kerja mesin kolonial.AbstractThe hegemony of colonialism in the culture of postcolonial society is the reason this studythen examines the colonial discourse in the novel Max Havellar (MH) in particular the impactit brings. The impact in question is the implied position of thought in the work. The resultsof the discussion show that, temporarily or permanently, MH voiced injustice in the colonialconditions regarding the oppression of the colonist against the colonized. However, the effort toname or represent the voice of the colonized has proven to imply a static ideological characterin the framework of colonialism (orientalism); ie Eropacentric point of view, in which “West” asself is superior, and “East” as the other is the inferior. In the context of postcolonialism, MH withits critical nature that seeks to “voice” the fate of the colonized natives, actually presents thestigma of strengthening coloniality itself hegemonicly. That is, “voicing” the fate of the pribumiis interpreted as a contradictory colonial flare, where the stigma of strengthening colonialityis more pronounced, which ultimately perpetuates the hegemony of colonialism. No longerdefending the colonized, but refining the workings of the colonial machinery.

Identifying Ethics: Dysfunction as Representation of Societal Relationship in Ian McEwans’s Sweet Tooth

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Yacob ◽  
S. Veeramani
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Code ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Ian Mcewan

In the novel, Sweet Tooth, McEwan has employed an ethical code of conduct called, Dysfunction of Relationship. The analysis shows that he tries to convey something extraordinary to the readers. If it is not even the reader to understand such a typical thing, He himself represents a new ethical code of conduct. The character of the novel, Serena is almost a person who is tuned to such a distinct one. It is clear that the character of this type is purely representational. Understanding reality based on situation and ethics has been a new field of study in terms of Post- Theory. Intervening to such aspect of Interpretation, this research article establishes a new study in the writings of Ian McEwan. In the novel, Dysfunction is not on the ‘Self’ but it is on the ‘Other’. The author tries to integrate the function of the Character Serena, instead of fragmenting the self. Hence, Fragmentation makes sense only in the dysfunction of relationship.

Do we form or deform? Qualitative Investigation in Public Hospitals of Madrid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Gómez Camuñas ◽  
Purificación González Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Small Hospital ◽  
Student Learn ◽  
Depth Interviews

<div><i>Background</i>: the creative capacities and the knowledge of the employees are components of the intellectual capital of the company; hence, their training is a key activity to achieve the objectives and business growth. <i>Objective</i>: To understand the meaning of learning in the hospital from the experiences of its participants through the inquiry of meanings. <i>Method</i>: Qualitative design with an ethnographic approach, which forms part of a wider research, on organizational culture; carried out mainly in 2 public hospitals of the Community of Madrid. The data has been collected for thirteen months. A total of 23 in-depth interviews and 69 field sessions have been conducted through the participant observation technique. <i>Results</i>: the worker and the student learn from what they see and hear. The great hospital offers an unregulated education, dependent on the professional, emphasizing that they learn everything. Some transmit the best and others, even the humiliating ones, use them for dirty jobs, focusing on the task and nullifying the possibility of thinking. They show a reluctant attitude to teach the newcomer, even if they do, they do not have to oppose their practice. In short, a learning in the variability, which produces a rupture between theory and practice; staying with what most convinces them, including negligence, which affects the patient's safety. In the small hospital, it is a teaching based on a practice based on scientific evidence and personalized attention, on knowing the other. Clearly taught from the reception, to treat with caring patience and co-responsibility in the care. The protagonists of both scenarios agree that teaching and helping new people establish lasting and important personal relationships to feel happy and want to be in that service or hospital. <i>Conclusion</i>: There are substantial differences related to the size of the center, as to what and how the student and the novel professional are formed. At the same time that the meaning of value that these health organizations transmit to their workers is inferred through the training, one orienting to the task and the other to the person, either patient, professional or pupil and therefore seeking the common benefit.</div>

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