Length Judgments of Body Parts

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Predebon
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Forearm Length ◽  
Objective Size

Independent groups of subjects judged the size of four body-parts and four nonbody stimuli under two size-instruction conditions. The shapes of the nonbody stimuli approximated the shapes of the body-parts. For both apparent and objective size instructions, the pattern of errors of body-part judgments confirmed the findings of Shontz (1969); judgmental errors of head-width and forearm-length were significantly greater than judgmental errors of hand-length and foot-length. Although not significant statistically, a similar pattern of errors was obtained for nonbody size judgments.

Body-Part Size Estimation in Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa Koff ◽  
Margaret Kiekhofer
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Forearm Length

30 children in Grades 1, 3, and 5 estimated the sizes of 8 personal body parts, 8 experimenter's body parts, and 4 nonbody objects. Errors of estimation were consistent across subjects and similar to those reported for adults. Hand length was estimated most accurately, and head width, forearm length, and lips estimated least accurately, on both self and experimenter. Non-body objects were estimated most accurately, followed by experimenter's body parts, and then personal body parts. No sex or age differences were found.

DISTORTIONS IN A PERSON'S BODY PERCEPTION AFTER PERFORMING DYNAMIC TASKS IN VIRTUAL REALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
Natal'ya V. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
Andrei V. Varlamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Virtual Character ◽  
Joint Width ◽  
Environment Perception ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Study Participants

The article presents a study in the peculiarities of a person’s perception of the size of his own bodydistortion after a short-term immersion in a virtual environment and performing mobile purposeful tasks in it on behalf of a virtual character. The characteristic distortions in the perception of the sizes of the body parts most involved in the virtual activity in the direction of their increase were revealed. Thus, the study participants demonstrated characteristic statistically significant distortions in the perception of such parameters as neck length, shoulder length, hand length, body length, elbow joint width and head width. Distortions in the perception of the size of the upper half of the body (above the waist) correspond to those parts of the subjects’ bodies, the movement of which in space during the performance of the intra-environment task had the greatest functional significance. Immersion in virtual reality, mediated by a VR headset, leads to the formation of a specialvirtual environment perception in the recipient’s psyche. In this case, the perception of oneself also turns out to be tied to the perception of the controlled virtual character. Due to the uncertainty of its size and the blurring of the visual outlines, the image of one’s own body temporarily merges with the operatively formed image of the character, as a result of which an instrumental interiorization of its dimensions occurs. Thus, it is clearly demonstrated that the perception of the person’s body during the immersion in a virtual environment is connected to the nature of the performed movements.

scholarly journals STATURE PREDICTION OF PUNJAB POPULATION (PAKISTAN) FROM HAND, FOREARM AND FOOT MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Asghar ◽  
M Butt ◽  
A Akbar ◽  
H Azam ◽  
I Zahra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Forearm Length

Anthropometry is a systematic study of body measurements in man. Forensic anthropologist tries best to answer the questions relating to age, origin, height, gender, and race after examination of the body remains. The biological profile of a person such as age, sex, ethnicity, and stature can be determined with the help of anthropometry. Results of the study revealed the normal distribution of data and with tests, statistics are found to be significant at p≤0.05 level of significance for all parameters employed in this study. Males have consistently larger values as compared to the female's forearm length, hand length right/left, hand width right/left, foot length right/ left and foot width right/left. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a significant difference between males' and female's character measurements including hand, forearm, and foot.

Maximizing Recall of Gruesome Images for Health Effects Advertising: An Experimental Investigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennen W. Mills ◽  
Owen B. J. Carter ◽  
Robert J. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Video Images ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this case study was to experimentally manipulate the impact on arousal and recall of two characteristics frequently occurring in gruesome depictions of body parts in smoking cessation advertisements: the presence or absence of an external physical insult to the body part depicted; whether or not the image contains a clear figure/ground demarcation. Three hundred participants (46% male, 54% female; mean age 27.3 years, SD = 11.4) participated in a two-stage online study wherein they viewed and responded to a series of gruesome 4-s video images. Seventy-two video clips were created to provide a sample of images across the two conditions: physical insult versus no insult and clear figure/ground demarcation versus merged or no clear figure/ground demarcation. In stage one, participants viewed a randomly ordered series of 36 video clips and rated how “confronting” they considered each to be. Seven days later (stage two), to test recall of each video image, participants viewed all 72 clips and were asked to identify those they had seen previously. Images containing a physical insult were consistently rated more confronting and were remembered more accurately than images with no physical insult. Images with a clear figure/ground demarcation were rated as no more confronting but were consistently recalled with greater accuracy than those with unclear figure/ground demarcation. Makers of gruesome health warning television advertisements should incorporate some form of physical insult and use a clear figure/ground demarcation to maximize image recall and subsequent potential advertising effectiveness.

scholarly journals Perception on Prolonged Standing Work in Electronic Manufacturing Company

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.24) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Norlizaa Mohamad ◽  
Jafri Mohd Rohani ◽  
Ismail Abdul Rahman ◽  
Anis Amira Mat Zuki
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Electronic Manufacturing ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Ergonomic Interventions

Prolonged standing is one of the common activities in electronic industry as the task requirement. Prolonged standing can cause discomfort on the body of the workers and can lead to injury and occupational disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate standing workers perception on the fatigue and the discomfort on their respective body region for 12 hours working time. The subjects are the 80 workers with a good health condition and at least 6 months tenure. The subject data are collected via questionnaires and Likert scale to define the discomfort, pain, and fatigue. The workers were interviewed regarding their job and perceived fatigue discomfort. The results show the domination of the lower body region with the higher mean at the lower back, legs, and foot ankle. No statistically significant differences were found between the job tenure and body part discomfort pain and fatigue. There is a significant relation between gender and discomfort pain on legs and foot ankle. The result also shows a strong relation between age and the discomfort body parts of thigh and foot ankle. The perceptions of the workers towards discomfort pain and fatigue cause by prolonged standing during performing the task. The results from this study will provide a view for industrial consultants or ergonomist with evidence to support for ergonomic interventions for prolonged standing activity such as job rotation and work-rest schedule. 

Semantics of Hawrami Body Part Terms

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-335
Author(s):  
Bistoon Abasi ◽  
Amer Gheitury
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Internal Body

Human body as a universal possession of human beings constitutes an interesting domain where questions regarding semantic categorisations might be sought crosslinguistically. In the following, we will attempt to describe the terms used to refer to the body in Hawrami, an Iranian language spoken in Paveh, a small township in the western province of Kermanshah near Iraqi borders. Due to the scarcity of written material, the inventory of 202 terms referring to external and internal body parts were obtained through a field work, which took a long time, and techniques, such as the “colouring task”, observation and recording the terms as used in ordinary conversations and informal interviews with native speakers. The semantic properties of the terms and the way they are related in a partonymy or locative relationship were also investigated. As far as universals of body part terms are concerned, while conforming to ‘depth principle’ concerning the number of levels each partonomy may consist of, Hawrami violates an important feature of this principle by not allowing transitive relations between different levels of partonomic hierarchies. In addition, Hawrami lacks a term for labelling the ‘whole’.

Body and emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 341-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yu
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Internal Body ◽  
External Body

This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.

Determination and transdetermination in imaginal disks of Drosophila (Summary only)

1970 ◽  
Vol 176 (1044) ◽  
pp. 291-293
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Imaginal Disks

It is generally assumed that in multicellular organisms the diversity of the different cell types is the result of different gene activity which becomes manifest in the course of development. This theoretical concept of cell differentiation was developed on the basis of results obtained from a relatively small number of suitable experimental systems. One of them comprises the imaginal disks of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster . Imaginal disks are larval primordia in holometabolic insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and consist of densely packed populations of morphologically uniform cells. They give rise to defined structures of the adult body (mainly integument), thus replacing parts of the larva which are almost completely histolysed during metamorphosis. The prospective fate of the various imaginal disks can be tested, for example, by transplantation experiments. Individual disks are removed from larvae of a genetically marked strain and transplanted into the body cavity of another larva with which the transplants undergo metamorphosis. The metamorphosed derivatives of the disks are then found in the abdomen of the fly and can be microscopically identified on the basis of the morphology of bristles, hairs and other structural features of the integument. The same method is applied for examination of the developmental performance of disk fragments. From the results of such experiments the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Individual disks of fully grown larvae, that is larvae which are ready to pupate, are determined (programmed) for exactly defined body parts of the adult organism. (2) The individual subregions of such a body part can be localized precisely within a disk. Based on these facts fate maps (anlage plans) can be worked out. (3) From experiments in which different genetically marked disks are intermingled and then transplanted into larvae it is concluded that even single cells are determined for structures of a specific body region.

scholarly journals Stature Estimation from Hand and Foot Dimensions Reveals a Similar Allometric Relationship in Sudanese Arabs and Somalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.V. Ramirez Rozzi ◽  
D. Gassimalla ◽  
N. Abdalazeem ◽  
F. Elamin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
The Relationship

Population-specific anthropometric standards serve as a guide to forensic practitioners for identification purposes. However, few studies have observed on whether the relationship between stature and body parts differs among populations. Our aim is to first assess the validity of using hand and foot dimensions to estimate stature in two geographically similar but linguistically different populations, Sudanese Arabs and Somalis, and then secondly to assess whether the relationship between hand and foot dimensions and stature differ among these populations. Standard anthropometric measurements were used to assess sexual dimorphism. Regressions were performed to establish the relationship between body parts and stature and were compared among the populations to describe the allometry. Comparisons between regression coefficients reveal that 1) stature has the same relationship with hand and foot lengths in each population and 2) the relationship between stature/ hand length and foot length is the same (isometric) in both populations. These results suggest a close affinity between the two groups. Hand and foot length can be used to estimate the stature of individuals but not to identify sex or differentiate one population from the other.

scholarly journals Association between Axial Length of the Eye and Length of Each Part of the Body

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Shinojima ◽  
Toshihide Kurihara ◽  
Kiwako Mori ◽  
Yujiro Iwai ◽  
Akiko Hanyuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Spectralis Oct

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze axial length, body height, hand length, and foot length to find new factors that predict myopia and to identify gender differences as one of the factors of high myopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted as a single observation. Body height, hand length, and foot length were measured according to standard anthropometric methods. Axial length, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness were measured using the IOL Master 700 and the Heidelberg Spectralis-OCT. To account for body height differences among participants, foot length / body height and hand length / body height were analyzed using a mixed-effects model.Results: A total of 80 eyes (men, n=20, 40 eyes; women, n=20, 40 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age was 33.5 years (range 21-59 years, SD: 9.6). For choroidal thickness, there was a significant association with axial length in men (p<0.001) and a trend toward an association in women (p=0.072). There was also a significant association between foot length / body height and axial length in men (p=0.015), but not in women (p=0.58). These results suggest that factors that determine body height and foot length may be related to axial length, although they vary by gender.

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