An Examination of Development Trends in Field Dependence among Age Groups of 13 to 21 Years of Age

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Dependence Analysis ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Rod And Frame

Three groups of 120 male and female students each, aged 13 to 15 yr., 16 to 18 yr., and 19 to 21 yr., were tested on Oilman's portable rod-and-frame apparatus to assess field dependence. Analysis indicated that the 16- to 18-yr.-old group was more field independent. Developmental trends indicated decreased field-dependence into late adolescence, and then a reversal indicating an increase in field-dependence beginning in early adulthood (19- to 21-yr.-old group).

Sex, Structured Sport Activity, and Measurement of Field Dependence

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Mc Leod
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Dependence Analysis ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Varsity Sports

120 male and 120 female athletes, who were aged 13 to 22 yr., from Junior and Senior High School and College varsity sports, and 60 male and 60 female nonathletes of like age, were tested on Oltman's portable rod-and-frame apparatus to assess field dependence. Analysis indicated that the boys were more field-independent than the girls. Female athletes were more field-independent than male nonathletes.

Field Dependence among Male and Female Alcoholics: II. Norms for the Rod-and-Frame Test

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Jacobson ◽  
Ann Van Dyke ◽  
Theodore G. Sternbach ◽  
Russell Brethauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

402 males and 160 females hospitalized for treatment of alcoholism were tested in a standardized manner on the Rod-and-frame test as a means of supplementing an earlier report of normative data on perceptual style among male alcoholics. When their performance was contrasted with that of normal and psychiatric samples, alcoholics were clearly the most field dependent of all groups studied. Statistically significant sex differences justify the need for separate norms for males and females.

Field Dependence in Visually and Nonvisually Involved Learning Disabled Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cowen ◽  
Norman I. Harway
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Dependence Measures ◽  
Perceptually Impaired ◽  
Rod And Frame

39 visually and nonvisually perceptually impaired 8- to 11-yr.-old boys with learning disabilities were compared with a control group of 35 “normal” learners on the Rod-and-frame and Children's Embedded-figures Tests. Previous findings of greater field dependence of learning disabled children are confounded because the experimental tasks involved visual perception. In our study the 27 “visuals” were more field-dependent than either the 12 “nonvisuals” or the controls. The latter groups did not differ significantly from one another, which may in part be a function of the small sample of nonvisual children identified. Alternative explanations, e.g., the visual nature of the field-dependence measures and the lack of reading difficulty of the nonvisual group, are considered. For the visually disabled Ss only Vocabulary scores correlate significantly with Rod-and-frame and Embedded-figures scores, suggesting that among such children those with higher verbal intelligence may be more field-independent.

scholarly journals Rozpowszechnienie gry w pokera oraz ryzyko uzależnienia wśród mężczyzn w okresie późnej adolescencji i wczesnej dorosłości

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Anna Grzesik
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Two Age Groups ◽  
Poker Players

The Prevalence of Poker and Risk of Addiction among Men in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood Playing poker might become an addictive activity. Therefore, it belongs to risky behaviours that are willingly exhibited particularly by persons in their adolescence. In the form of a professional game, poker can also be a way to delay the moment of becoming an adult. The prevalence of poker was checked among 2054 men in two age groups: persons in their adolescence (19–24 years old) and early adulthood (25–30 years old). Contrary to the expectations, the number of poker players is higher in the group of older respondents. The level of risk of problem gambling among poker players, assessed with the CPGI questionnaire, is similar in both groups, although in case of the young adults, the number of persons showing no symptoms of problem gambling is higher. The results were discussed in the context of the available literature and in relation to the phenomena characteristic of the separated development phases.

Field Dependence-Independence and Self-Esteem in Pre-Adolescent Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Walter G. Mc Intire
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The field independence-dependence and self-esteem of 200 preadolescent boys and girls were studied using the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Analysis of variance indicated that field-independent children had significantly higher self-esteem than middle-range and field-dependent individuals. A small significant correlation between field independence and high self-esteem obtained (–.24) but only for boys.

Effects of Onset and Type of Fathers' Absence on Children's Levels of Psychological Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The present study examined the relationship between onset and type of father's absence and children's levels of psychological differentiation defined along the perceptual dimension of field-dependence/independence. The portable Rod-and-frame Test was used to measure the level of psychological differentiation for 100 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. In agreement with previous findings, boys were significantly more field-independent than girls. A significant interaction was noted between the reason for the father's absence and the age of the child when the father left the home.

Field Dependence and Rorschach White-Space Figure-Ground Reversal Responses

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph-M. De Koninck ◽  
Geneviève Crabbé-Declève
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
White Space ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

It was hypothesized that field-independent Ss would produce more white space figure-ground reversal responses (S) on the Rorschach test than field-dependent Ss. From 27 females and 25 males given the rod-and-frame test the 7 most field-independent and the 7 most field-dependent took the Rorschach test. The 7 field-independent Ss produced more white space reversals. A control on the number of reversal responses as a function of time of exposure and a control on sex differences showed no contaminating effect. Thus, both measures may refer to the same dimension.

Field Dependence and Facial Recognition

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Hoffman ◽  
Spencer Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

29 male and 28 female undergraduates were administered two measures of Witkin's field-dependence dimension—the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Group Embedded-figures Test—and a test of facial recognition. Field-independent males were significantly more accurate in the recognition of photographed human faces than field-dependent males. Field-independent females were also more accurate than field-dependent females, although the relation was nonsignificant. While it has often been claimed that field-dependent individuals remember faces better, the results of the present study, as well as others which have examined this relationship, support the opposite conclusion.

Conceptual and Empirical Comparisons between Self-Consciousness and Field Dependence-Independence

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Public Self Consciousness ◽  
Rod And Frame

Certain similarities are noted between the constructs of self-consciousness and field dependence-independence suggesting that private self-consciousness is associated with field-independent modes of self-functioning while public self-consciousness is associated with field-dependent modes of functioning. These propositions were tested by correlating scores on the Self-consciousness Questionnaire with scores on the Embedded Figures and Rod and Frame Tests. For both male and female college students, more privately self-conscious individuals were significantly more field independent on both embedded-figures and rod-and-frame measures. Public self-consciousness, however, was not significantly associated with either measure of field dependence-independence. Discussion considered those aspects of psychological differentiation which have not been part of the self-consciousness construct or for which no relevant research exists. Suggestions were made for investigating possible links between self-consciousness/self-awareness and self-relevant features of field dependent-independent functioning.

Field Dependence and Distraction in a Simple Psychomotor Task with a Constant Foreperiod

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey H. Blowers
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Rod-and-frame errors are thought to reflect differential abilities in selective attention. For this reason a study of the relationship of field dependence to distraction should involve Ss whose field-dependence scores have been determined specifically by the rod-and-frame test. It is thought that discrepancies in the results of previous work might be accounted for by lack of consistent use of these scores. The present study involved distraction in a simple reaction-time paradigm using 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss. There was no correlation between distraction and field dependence although it may be that a larger difference in field-dependence scores between groups is required to detect differences in susceptibility to distraction.

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