Effects of a Target RIM on Basketball Shooting Accuracy

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-866
Author(s):  
Larry A. Sage

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a basketball target rim on free-throw and field-goal shooting accuracy. The target rims employed in this study were different from regular rims as the apparatus that connects the target rim to the backboard was painted a neutral color. Subjects included all of the 1984–85 Eastern Washington University men's basketball players and the other players on 10 basketball teams who played games with the Eastern Washington University men's basketball team in the 1984–85 season. Practice statistics were kept in all EWU shooting situations, drills as well as scrimmages. Individual game statistics of the entire basketball game were made for the 10 games in which the target rims were used. A random selection of combined free-throw and field-goal shooting accuracy taken during the practice sessions showed that shooting percentage on the target rim was noticeably higher than the shooting percentage on the regular rim. The shooting accuracy of the EWU team and the visiting teams during game competition showed that accuracy of field-goal shooting on the target rim was significantly better than on the regular rim but not for free-throw accuracy. The target rim may improve shooting accuracy and influence total scoring in basketball.

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh D. Naik

A number of normal populations are to be compared in terms of exceedance probability. When comparing two populations, a population is to be designated as better than the other if it has a greater exceedance probability. A Bayes procedure is given for selecting the subset of populations which contains the best population. A Bayes sequential procedure for selection of the best population is also described.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle ◽  
Filipe Clemente ◽  
Gema Torres-Luque

SummaryStudy aim: The aim of the present study was twofold: firstly, to examine the effect of age on a 20 m sprint performance; and secondly, to establish normative data for the 20 m sprint performance by age in football players. Material and methods: The anthropometric characteristics of 474 football players (aged 16.81 ± 5.35 yrs, range 9.02–35.41 yrs) were examined and their 20 m sprint performance (with 0–10 and 10–20 m splits) was monitored by a photocell system (Brower Timing Systems, Utah, USA). Results: A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the yearly age groups with regards to the sprint time (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.584), as well as the 0–10 m (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.361) and 10–20 m split times (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.635). The older groups scored better than the younger groups. The time attained in the 20 m sprint, and the 0–10 m and 10–20 m splits correlated moderately to largely with the athlete’s age (r = –0.53, –0.40 and –0.57, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In summary, the speed ability of the football players improved with age until 15 years old, where it reached its peak. On the other hand, the other age groups U16 to U35 revealed no major differences in the speed over a 20 m sprint. The reference values presented in this study might help football coaches and fitness trainers in monitoring training and in the selection of players. Moreover, since this is the first study of this kind to compare adult age groups, sport scientists focusing on relevant topics might use it as a reference in future studies.


Author(s):  
Dimitrije Čabarkapa ◽  
Andrew C. Fry ◽  
Michael A. Deane ◽  
Jeremy D. Akers

The purpose of this study is to explore a possible relationship between breakfast consumption and basketball shooting performance. Eighteen male subjects (height=191.5±10.1 cm, mass=93.8±12.1 kg, age=27.5±10.6 years) with considerable amount of basketball playing experience were divided into two groups, with (BF) and without (No-BF) four-day breakfast consumption in a three-week cross-over study design. Subjects completed free throw, 2-point, and 3-point shooting drills on the fourth day of each week. Food intake records were collected during each treatment phase. Paired sample t-tests were used to examine the difference in basketball shooting performance (free throw, 2-point, and 3-point drills) and dietary intake patterns (calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) between BF and No-BF testing weeks. Cohen’s D effect sizes were calculated to determine the magnitude of the breakfast consumption as an experimental factor. The average amount of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that the subjects consumed during the breakfast omission week was significantly lower when compared to the breakfast consumption week. Even though the overall basketball shooting performance was improved during the breakfast consumption week, only the average free throw shooting accuracy revealed statistically significant results. However, the effect sizes for almost all the dependent variables exhibited small to moderate magnitudes. Considering that basketball players are always looking for ways to improve their shooting performance, a well-balanced diet with habitual breakfast consumption may be a beneficial method for individual and team performance enhancement, which can ultimately lead to increased chances of a successful game outcome.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Hendra Mashuri

AbstractShooting in a basketball game plays an important role in achieving the goal of the basketball game. Given that the basketball game tip is to insert the ball into the opponent's basket, therefore a good shooting technique is owned by every bolabasket player. Efforts to improve basketball shooting skills by using a basketball shooting practice model through a combination approach. The model combines shooting and physical engineering components supporting shooting techniques and using dill and games methods. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of basket ball shooting practice model through combination approach. The research approach used is quantitative. This type of research is an experiment with randomized control group pre-test post-test design. The population of this study was a total of basketball players in Pasuruan District, the sample of this study amounted to 120 with 60 as the experimental group and 60 players as the control group. The data retrieval used is battery test shooting. Data analysis technique using t-test. The results showed that basketball shooting practice model through combination approach can improve basketball shooting ability with t-count value 33,262> t-table 2,00. So it can be concluded that the model of basketball shooting practice is effective against improving the shooting ability of basketball players.Keywords: Basketball Shooting, Combination Approach, Training Model.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 836-844
Author(s):  
Álvaro Díaz-Aroca ◽  
José Luis Arias-Estero

  The aim of this study was to determine the free throw technique and successful free throw technique both prior to ball release and at ball release moments in under-12 basketball, using a court-applied test. The participants were 102 players from eight male under-12 officially federated basketball teams. We used a point/ideographic/multidimensional observational design to analyse the recordings of 612 free throws. The test consisted of performing one, two or three free throws. One participant performed the free throws and the other passed the ball to him. The roles were exchanged until the two participants performed all the free throw options. As a result, the participants did not execute the free throw using the technique proposed by the literature. This difference was because jumping free throws shoots, with low style, feet at the same distance, and moderate forward displacement of the centre of mass predominated. The free throw technique was in general more regular than that of the successful free throws. Players used an unregulated technique, without meeting the criteria that activate success in the free throw. This technique resulted attempting successful free throws at 4 m from the basket, which is 2.60 m high, with a 485-g ball. Taking into account the characteristics of the participants of the present work in terms of age, strength, maturity, height, weight, and body mass index, coaches and the competition managers should assess what should be improved in under-12 basketball to allow players to increase free throw success.  Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la técnica de tiro libre y la técnica de tiro libre con éxito, tanto antes de la salida del balón como en el momento de salida del balón en baloncesto U-12, a través de un test de tiro. Los participantes fueron 102 jugadores de ocho equipos masculinos de baloncesto U-12 federados. Se utilizó un diseño observacional puntual/ideográfico/multidimensional para analizar las grabaciones de 612 tiros libres. La prueba consistía en realizar uno, dos o tres tiros libres. Un participante realizaba los tiros libres y el otro le pasaba el balón. Los participantes intercambiaban los roles hasta que los dos realizaron todas las opciones de tiro libre. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes no ejecutaron el tiro libre utilizando la técnica propuesta por la literatura. Esta diferencia se debió a que predominaron los tiros libres con salto, con estilo bajo, pies a la misma distancia y desplazamiento moderado del centro de masas hacia adelante. La técnica de los tiros libres en general fue más regular que la de los tiros libres con éxito. En conclusión, los jugadores utilizaron una técnica alejada de las recomendaciones teóricas, poco regular, y sin cumplir los criterios que posibilitan éxito en el tiro libre. Esto ocurrió como consecuencia de intentar obtener éxito en una situación de tiro libre a 4 m de la canasta, situada a 2.60 m de altura, y con un balón de 485 g. Teniendo en cuenta las características de los participantes del presente trabajo en cuanto a edad, fuerza, madurez, altura, peso e índice de masa corporal, los entrenadores y los responsables de las competiciones deberían valorar qué debe mejorarse en el baloncesto U-12 para que los jugadores puedan aumentar el éxito en los tiros libres.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Uygur ◽  
Ayhan Goktepe ◽  
Emre Ak ◽  
Hakan Karabörk ◽  
Feza Korkusuz

The Effect of Fatigue on the Kinematics of Free Throw Shooting in BasketballFatigue is an indispensible part of a basketball game which may affect an athlete's shooting kinematics. Although kinematic analyses of various sports related movements were extensively done, this study is the first to consider the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of free throw shooting. After measuring the resting heart rate, ten collegiate level, male basketball players (21.8±1.6 y; 192.8±3.6 cm; 84.1±8.5 kg) were asked to perform free throws. Two successful and two unsuccessful free throws were selected. Thereafter, participants were asked to complete the fatigue protocol, which included 30m sprints and 5 vertical jumps at each end, until they reached volitional exhaustion. Additional two successful and two unsuccessful free throws were collected. All shots were recorded by using two digital cameras operating at 60 Hz and placed in a stereoscopic view. The elbow, trunk, knee and ankle joint angles were measured before and after the ball release and at the ball release point. The selected joint angles were compared between successful and unsuccessful free throws, as well as before and after the completion of fatigue protocol. The results demonstrated that fatigue did not effect free throw shooting kinematics (p>0.05) and there was no significant joint angle difference between successful and unsuccessful shots (p>0.05). This study suggested that high level athletes are able to cope with the possible detrimental effects of fatigue while performing coordinated movements such as free throw shooting.


1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Uslaner ◽  
M. Margaret Conway

Most analyses of the 1974 congressional elections have failed to find significant effects for either Watergate or personal financial conditions, despite the prominence of both of these issues in the campaign. An alternative thesis argues that the effect was indirect, through the selection of better-than-usual Democratic candidates and weaker Republican contestants for House seats. Reanalyzing campaign finance data, we challenge this thesis and then move on to a different type of analysis from that which traditionally has been done in retrospective voting studies. With the use of the 1972-1974 panel of the Center for Political Studies, we examine separately the voting behavior of what V. O. Key, Jr. called “standpatters” and “switchers.” The former are motivated primarily by party identification, with small Watergate effects. Our probit analylsis for switchers, on the other hand, finds much weaker party identification effects, but, interestingly, much more pronounced Watergate and economic impacts. Furthermore, an analysis of the sample compared to the population of districts in 1974 suggests that a more representative sample would lead to even more pronounced impacts for Watergate and the economy than even we have found.


2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Krendl ◽  
Izzy Gainsburg ◽  
Nalini Ambady

Although the effects of negative stereotypes and observer pressure on athletic performance have been well researched, the effects of positive stereotypes on performance, particularly in the presence of observers, is not known. In the current study, White males watched a video either depicting Whites basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (positive stereotype), Black basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (negative stereotype), or a neutral sports video (control). Participants then shot a set of free throws, during which half the participants were also videotaped (observer condition), whereas the other half were not (no observer condition). Results demonstrated that positive stereotypes improved free throw performance, but only in the no observer condition. Interestingly, observer pressure interacted with the positive stereotype to lead to performance decrements. In the negative stereotype condition, performance decrements were observed both in the observer and no observer conditions.


Tekstualia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
Brygida Pawłowska-Jądrzyk

However we judge this fact, references to religion in contemporary advertisements serve as a persuasion device as much as, say, erotic motifs do. Their role is to encourage the consumer to purchase particular goods or services (or to adopt some attitude or conduct). Some forms of mass art, for example the cinema, have developed ways of evading sexual and religious taboos - for instance, using fi gures such as ellipsis or euphemisms in awkward contexts . However, the radically persuasive nature of advertising, the necessity to struggle through the information noise and to reach the widest possible target group lead to such a selection of motifs that, on the one hand, they overcome thinking routines and attract attention and, on the other, they carry clear message and stay in the memory better. For many, using religious symbols in a context any other than the traditional one immediately means profanation or blasphemy. However, internally heterogenic, contemporary culture successively broadens the range of traditions and it uses its language to express its own ideas and ideals. It seems that the process is unstoppable. Protests or prohibitions (especially rash and incautious ones) may only accelerate it, for, as we know, nothing helps advertising better than a scandal. This should motivate readers to think more about phenomena which evoke spontaneous objection or disrespect.


1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Wolfe ◽  
OR Southwood

Lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River) was sown at three densities (rows spaced 17.5, 35 and 52.5 cm apart) in factorial combination with each of three cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cw. Geraldton, Seaton Park and Woogenellup) and two of phalaris (a summer-dormant selection of P. aquatics, and a P. aquatica-P. arundinacea hybrid). All three clover cultivars were included in the lucerne-phalaris swards. After the establishment year, plant productivity and persistence in these mixtures were assessed under rotational grazing over the next three years. Lucerne density had little effect on the total seasonal or annual productivity of the swards. Lucerne grew and survived best with Geraldton clover and worst with the phalaris hybrid; total pasture yields reflected these differences in summer (two occasions) or autumn (one occasion) when lucerne was the dominant component. In winter, when lucerne grew slowly, the cultivar of clover was an important factor influencing total production. A mixed sward of lucerne and Seaton Park clover grew as well as or better than the other mixtures in winter, and occasionally in summer-autumn it was more productive than lucerne-phalaris, Seaton Park persisted with lucerne better than did any other companion plant.


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