Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Reaction Time and Movement Time

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Schultz ◽  
Bruce Etnyre ◽  
John M. Mc Arthur ◽  
John W. Brelsford
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Emg Biofeedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Electromyographic Biofeedback ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Experimental Group

The effects of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) were investigated utilizing 42 right-handed, male subjects from a university population. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups, a control group and two experimental groups. Both experimental groups were exposed to their EMG signals from their triceps brachii during the task, one experimental group received written information explaining the purpose of the EMG was to improve performance through biofeedback. Reaction times of the first block of 25 trials were significantly faster than those on the subsequent three blocks of trials for all groups. This provided evidence of learning. No other significant effects for reaction times were observed. Mean movement time for the EMG-only group was significantly slower than the means of either the Control group or EMG-Biofeedback group, with no difference between the latter two. The differences between experimental groups may have been related to alteration of strategy, anxiety, or motivation.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF REACTION TIME AFTER A WORKPLACE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Rafael Cunha Laux ◽  
Sara Teresinha Corazza
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Introduction Work activities have been occupying an increasing amount of time in the daily lives of the population, making individuals less physically active. A job market strategy is to invest in physical exercise programs in the actual workplace to improve the physical and cognitive aspects of these employees. Objective To verify the effects of a workplace physical exercise program on the simple and choice reaction times of public university employees. Methods Twenty-six physically inactive male and female subjects with a mean age of 29.62 ± 6.47 years underwent a program consisting of thirty-six sessions with physical exercises in the workplace, held three times a week over twelve weeks. Simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) were assessed before and after the intervention, using the Vienna Test System®, and the results were presented in: I) reaction time, II) movement time; and (III) response time. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using the statistical program SPSS® (version 21.0 for Windows), with a significance level of 5%. Results When observing the SRT and CRT variables before and after the experiment, we noticed an improvement in reaction time, movement time and response time in the experimental group but not in the control group. Conclusion The workplace physical exercise program was able to reduce the SRT and CRT of the experimental group. Level of evidence I; randomized clinical trial.

scholarly journals The impact of fencing training symmetrisation on simple reaction time

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Monika Johne
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Unilateral Training

Abstract Study aim: The symmetrisation of movements can be a way to develop individual coordinative skills, and to prevent the occur-rence of injuries. For this reason, in this study an attempt was made to evaluate and compare simple reaction time and movement time for épée fencers of different sports classes, and to determine the impact that three years of symmetrisation training and unilateral training have on the speed of reaction components and on dynamical asymmetry. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 women épée fencers of different sports classes, and it was repeated in two groups after three years of unilateral and symmetrisation training. Simple reaction time and movement time for the dominant and the non-dominant hand were analysed using Vienna Test System. Results: Women épée fencers of high sports class were characterised by a significantly faster reaction time than their less experienced colleagues. In tests conducted after three years of symmetrisation training, athletes from the experimental group achieved also much better results in reaction time (RT) than those from the control group training with the unilateral method. Conclusions: Long-time unilateral training of master class women épée fencers led to dynamical asymmetry, which in the future could cause injuries and have a negative impact on the development of selected motor skills. Symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive impact on reaction time indicators as well as on movement time indicators, and it prevented the occurrence of dynamical asymmetry in the tested competitors. Thus, it can be inferred that symmetrical exercises will have a positive impact on training effectiveness and on versatility of athletes.

scholarly journals Psychomotor Abilities of Professional Handball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Przednowek ◽  
Maciej Śliż ◽  
Justyna Lenik ◽  
Bartosz Dziadek ◽  
Stanisław Cieszkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Coordination Test ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Reaction Time Test

The main purpose of the paper was to evaluate selected psychomotor abilities of handball players depending on the competition class (league), position on the court, training seniority and the dominant hand. The study covered a group of 40 handball players (age: 24.02 ± 3.99), while 50 non-training men (age: 22.90 ± 1.13) formed the control group. Studies were performed using Test2Drive computer tests. The following four tests were used for measuring psychomotor fitness: simple reaction time test, choice reaction time test, hand-eye coordination test and spatial anticipation test. An analysis revealed that handball players had better reaction times and movement times than the control group. The league, position on the court, training seniority and the dominant upper limb were analysed for their impact on the reaction time and movement time in handball players. An analysis of psychomotor abilities of handball players with regard to the league revealed that in the majority of tests the Superliga players had a shorter reaction time than players in lower leagues.

Examination of the Effects of Autogenic Training on the Reaction Time Performance of the National Badminton Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3181-3184
Author(s):  
Dondu Ugurlu ◽  
Ismail Ilbak ◽  
Mehmet Akarsu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Autogenic Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Although there is a consensus among researchers that autogenic training has positive effects on the psychological state of athletes, there have not been enough studies on its effects on physical performance yet. Therefore, the effects of autogenic training on physical performance is an important question that remains to be clarified. The fact that there is no research examining the effects of autogenic training on reaction time performance constitutes the original value of the study. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of autogenic training applied during 8 weeks on the visual and auditory reaction time performances of national badminton athletes. Methods: 15 male (experimental group=8 and control group=7) national badminton player between the ages of 18-23 residing in the province of Malatya participated in the study voluntarily. In addition to the training program, autogenic training was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, after warming up. The control group continued their regular training. In order to determine the effects of the training, the pre-test and post-test was applied to the participants. SPSS 23 Package Program was used for the analysis of the data. The data were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test, one of the Non-Parametric tests. The significance level was taken as p<.05. Results: The mean age of the experimental group (N=8) was 19.88±1.81, the mean height was 173.75±4.10, and the mean body weight was 68.13±5.52. The mean age of the control group (N=7) was 19.72±1.80, the mean height was 175.72±7.87, and the mean body weight was 67.58±6.61.It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left hand visual reaction times and the right and left hand auditory reaction times of the experimental and control groups (p>.05). Conclusion: As a result, autogenic training does not have a statistically significant effect on the visual and auditory reaction time of national badminton athletes. Keywords: Autogenic training, badminton, reaction time

Examining Practice and Learning Effects With Serial Administration of the Clinical Reaction Time Test in Healthy Young Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy N. Nguyen ◽  
Reuben N. Clements ◽  
Lucas A. Porter ◽  
Nicole E. Clements ◽  
Matthew D. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Clinical Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Clinical Reaction Time

Context: The clinical reaction time (RTclin) test has been recommended as a valid test for assessing concussion and determining recovery of reaction time function following concussion. However, it is unknown whether repeat assessment, as is used in postconcussion testing, is affected by learning or practice phenomena. Objective: To determine if a practice or learning effect is present with serial administration of the RTclin test. Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: University athletic training clinics. Participants: A total of 112 healthy collegiate athletes (age = 19.46 [1.34] y). Interventions: The control group completed the RTclin test on days 1 and 60. The experimental group completed the RTclin test on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 60. Main Outcome Measure: Reaction time as measured with the RTclin test. Results: The difference in RTclin test performance from day 1 to day 60 was not significant (mean change = −2.77 [14.46] ms, P = .42, 95% confidence intervals, −6.40 to 0.862) between groups. The experimental group experienced significant improvement (λ = 0.784, F4,49 = 3.365, P = .02, η2 = .216, power = 0.81) with acute repeat testing. However, post hoc analysis did not reveal a significant difference between scores during the 5 test periods. Conclusions: The results suggest serial administration of the RTclin test does not produce a practice or learning effect. Clinicians, however, should be cautious as the results do provide evidence patients may demonstrate improved scores when testing occurs on repetitive days after initial exposure to the test.

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Balance and Reaction Time in Elite Judo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Morales ◽  
Carla Ubasart ◽  
Mónica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña ◽  
Luis-Millán González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Experimental Group

Balance, reaction time, and strength are key factors affecting judo performance. Although ample research has been done examining potential strength changes caused by weight loss prior to competition, changes in balance and reaction time have been overlooked. Purpose: To examine the effects of rapid and progressive weight loss (RWL and PWL) on balance, reaction time, and strength in a group of elite judo athletes. Methods: A total of 38 female and male judo athletes (age = 20.6 [2.6] y) completed balance, reaction-time, and strength assessments 1 wk prior to an official weigh-in (pretest) and immediately after the weigh-in (posttest). The athletes were divided into 3 groups, 1 control group who maintained regular training and eating habits, 1 experimental group who engaged in PWL (<3% reductions in body mass), and a second experimental group who used RWL techniques (>3% reductions in body mass). Results: The RWL group showed significant decreases (P < .05) in balance performance (ellipse area: 4.83 [0.87] vs 6.31 [1.39] mm2 with eyes closed; mean mediolateral velocity: 2.07 [0.2] vs 2.52 [0.45] mm·s−1 with eyes closed; and mean anteroposterior velocity: 2.25 [0.20] vs 2.51 [0.32] mm·s−1 with eyes open and 2.44 [0.26] vs 3.06 [0.56] mm·s−1 with eyes closed) and reaction time (0.38 [0.04] vs 0.42 [0.06] s) with no changes in strength from pretesting to posttesting. The athletes in the PWL and control groups maintained performance in all variables. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate negative effects on perceptual motor-skill performance in judo athletes engaging in RWL strategies prior to competition.

Fractionated Reaction Times and Movement Times of Down Syndrome and Other Adults with Mental Retardation

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Davis ◽  
William A. Sparrow ◽  
Terry Ward
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Time Motor ◽  
Total Reaction Time

A fractionation technique was employed to determine the locus of reaction time delay in Down syndrome (DS) and other adult subjects with mental retardation (MH). Twenty-three subjects (8 nondisabled, 8 MH, and 7 DS) responded to a light, sound, and combination light/sound signal. Dependent measures of premotor time, motor time, total reaction time, and movement time were obtained during a 20° elbow extension movement and were analyzed separately. As expected, both MH and DS subjects were slower and more variable in their responses than the subjects without disabilities. In turn, DS subjects were significantly slower but not more variable than the MH subjects. There were no significant differences between the DS and MH subjects on movement times. Evidence for both a specific (premotor) and a generalized (both premotor and motor) locus of delay was found. Some difference in signal effect was also found for the DS subjects.

scholarly journals Practice effects on fast and accurate spatially constrained movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ferro Pereira ◽  
Inara Marques ◽  
Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Practice Trials ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractPurpose. The effects of practice were analyzed in the control of fast and accurate spatially constrained movements. Methods. Twenty men (20-26 years old) evenly divided into an experimental and control group were analyzed in three time periods: pre-test, post-test, and retention. Discrete Aiming Task ver. 2.0 software simulated Fitts’ task (1954) and provided kinematic analysis of mouse cursor movements (displacement, velocity, and acceleration). The task consisted of using the mouse to click on two parallel targets as fast and accurately as possible. Four target widths (W = 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 2.5 inches) and three distances between the targets (D = 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 inches) were used to provide indexes of difficulty (ID) from 1 to 6 bits. The experimental group performed 108 practice trials (three blocks of 36 trials on different days) while the control group had no practice. Results. Movement time (MT) decreased in the experimental group largely due in part to a reduction of time used for feedback. It is suggested that the improvement in performance as a function of practice occurred through the interdependence of programming and the feedback process. As the task was practiced, there was decreased need for feedback due to better pre-programming of the primary submovement and the improved use of sensorial feedback information. This strategy and a lengthened deceleration phase can help explain the paradigm of fast and accurate movement as a result of practice. Conclusions. Despite the improved performance changes as a consequence of practice, Fitts’ Law proved to be robust enough to predict MT as a function of ID.

scholarly journals Local Vibration Influence of Anaerobic Capacity in Rowers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Kalvis Ciekurs ◽  
Viesturs Krauksts
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Whole body vibration is a worldwide innovation as a part of training method that helps athletes to regain the power and get ready for next training faster. However less attention is paid to local vibration where an isolated muscle or muscle group is stimulated by the use of a vibration device. For the reason to determine the effect of local vibration on anaerobic capacity of rowers, two research groups were assembled from the students of Murjāņi Sport Gymnasium (MSG) during the period of time from November 13, 2010 to March 20, 2011 - the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). We manage tests with stationary Concept-II ergometer, EMG and goniometry before and after the sessions of local vibrations. After the local vibration sessions for experimental group, the anaerobic test results prove considerable increase on the stationary rowing ergometer Concept - II. As for the control group, there were no considerable increase observed. EMG proves considerable Triceps Brachii muscle activity improvement for the experimental group, yet the activity improvement was not observed for the control group.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Zolmitriptan Nanoparticles in Experimental Animal Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Farshid Ali Naghi Zadeh Khezri ◽  
Dr. Shachindra L. Nargund ◽  
Dr. C. S. R. Lakshmi ◽  
Dr. L. V. G. Nargund ◽  
Dr. Reza Alisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug

Background: Zolmitriptan is used to treat migraine and certain other headaches. This study has been done to prepare specific Zolmitriptan Nano-nasal spray (Z-NPS) by ion gelation technique to evaluate the efficacy of analgesic activity of test drug as a nano nasal spray of Zolmitriptan (Z-NPS) and conventional preparation as a standard drug (Zolmist) against Nitro-glycerine induced migraine. The study was performed on mice by using hot plate method. Methods: In this study male Swiss albino mice weighing between 25-30 grams were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. Zolmitriptan loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Z-NPS) was administered nasally (using specific inhalation mask) at a dose of 5 mg/kg and was compared with the control group which received water for injection and the standard drug Zolmitriptan (Zolmist) at a same dose in mice induced migraine using hot plate method. Reaction times were measured at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Results: The test drug (Z-NPS) at a dose of 5 mg/kg after 10 minutes of drug administration showed an increase in the reaction time compared to the standard drug (Zolmist) at same dose of drug administration. However, Z-NPS showed significant increase in the reaction time after 10 minutes as compared to Zolmist. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan has significant analgesic properties in central-analgesic model i.e. Hot-plate method. The test drug could be used for anti-migraine activity.

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