Aerobic Exercise in the Psychological Treatment of Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella W. Brown ◽  
M. Cay Welsh ◽  
Elise E. Labbé ◽  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Pandu Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Activity Class ◽  
Institutionalized Adolescents ◽  
Complete Program

A small group of psychiatrically institutionalized adolescents (16 boys, 11 girls) were assigned to a three-day-per-week running/aerobic exercise program or a regular physical activity class. The complete program continued over 9 weeks, with 11 subjects remaining throughout the program. Dependent measures of body-mass index, timed performance on a one-mile run, resting, exercise, and recovery heart rates, and measures of depression, mood-states, and self-efficacy were assessed pre-, mid-, and post-9-wk. treatment and at a 4-wk. follow-up. Improvements in depression, anxiety, hostility, confused thinking, and fatigue were shown in treated girls, with increases in vigor and self-efficacy for all treated subjects.

Effect of Levels of Exercise on Psychological Mood States, Physical Fitness, and Plasma Beta-Endorphin

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Williams ◽  
Deborah Getty
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Psychological Mood

Aerobic exercise which resulted in a significant improvement in cardiovascular functioning had no more effect on psychological mood states than did the placebo control of participation in nonaerobic recreational games or no exercise and sport at all ( N = 430 college students). Beta-endorphin levels with the 41 depressed subjects were not a biochemical link that might explain the possible influence of physical activity on depression.

Intervention Mediators in a Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Physical Activity and Fatigue Self-management Behaviors Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Plow ◽  
Robert W Motl ◽  
Marcia Finlayson ◽  
Francois Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience fatigue, which is aggravated by inactivity. Identifying mediators of changes in physical activity (PA) and fatigue self-management (FSM) behaviors could optimize future interventions that reduce the impact of MS fatigue. Purpose To examine the effects of telephone-delivered interventions on Social Cognitive Theory constructs and test whether these constructs mediated secondary outcomes of PA and FSM behaviors. Methods Participants with MS (n = 208; Mean age = 52.1; Female = 84.6%) were randomized into contact–control intervention (CC), PA-only intervention, and PA+FSM intervention. Step count (Actigraphy) and FSM behaviors as well as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal setting for PA and FSM were measured at baseline, post-test (12 weeks), and follow-up (24 weeks). Path analyses using bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined whether constructs at post-test mediated behaviors at follow-up when adjusting for baseline measures. Results Path analysis indicated that PA-only (β = 0.50, p < .001) and PA+FSM interventions (β = 0.42, p < .010) had an effect on goal setting for PA, and that PA + FSM intervention had an effect on self-efficacy for FSM (β = 0.48, p = .011) and outcome expectations for FSM (β = 0.42, p = .029). Goal setting for PA at post-test mediated the effects of PA-only (β = 159.45, CI = 5.399, 371.996) and PA + FSM interventions (β = 133.17, CI = 3.104, 355.349) on step count at follow-up. Outcome expectations for FSM at post-test mediated the effects of PA + FSM intervention on FSM behaviors at follow-up (β = 0.02, CI = 0.001, 0.058). Conclusions Goal setting for PA and outcome expectations for FSM may be important constructs to target in telephone-delivered interventions designed to reduce the impact of MS fatigue. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01572714)

Effect of exercise on sleep and bi-directional associations with accelerometer-assessed physical activity in men with obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Plekhanova ◽  
Alex V. Rowlands ◽  
Melanie Davies ◽  
Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽  
Andrew Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Post Intervention

This study examined the effect of exercise training on sleep duration and quality and bidirectional day-to-day relationships between physical activity (PA) and sleep. Fourteen inactive men with obesity (49.2±7.9 years, BMI 34.9±2.8 kg/m²) completed a baseline visit, eight-week aerobic exercise intervention, and one-month post-intervention follow-up. PA and sleep were assessed continuously throughout the study duration using wrist-worn accelerometry. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine associations between PA and sleep. Sleep duration increased from 5.2h at baseline to 6.6h during the intervention period and 6.5h at one-month post-intervention follow-up (p<0.001). Bi-directional associations showed that higher overall activity volume and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with earlier sleep onset time (p<0.05). Later timing of sleep onset was associated with lower overall volume of activity, most active continuous 30 minutes (M30CONT), and MVPA (p<0.05). Higher overall activity volume, M30CONT, and MVPA predicted more wake after sleep onset (WASO) (p<0.001), whereas greater WASO was associated with higher overall volume of activity, M30CONT, and MVPA (p<0.001). An aerobic exercise intervention increased usual sleep duration. Day-to-day, more PA predicted earlier sleep onset, but worse sleep quality and vice versa. Novelty: • Greater levels of physical activity in the day were associated with an earlier sleep onset time that night, whereas a later timing of sleep onset was associated with lower physical activity the next day in men with obesity • Higher physical activity levels were associated with worse sleep quality, and vice versa

Affective and Self-Efficacy Responses to Acute Aerobic Exercise in Sedentary Older and Younger Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Focht ◽  
Deborah J. Knapp ◽  
Timothy P. Gavin ◽  
Thomas D. Raedeke ◽  
Robert C. Hickner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Feeling States ◽  
Acute Responses ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the psychological responses to an acute bout of aerobic exercise in sedentary older and younger adults. Eighteen young (mean age 24 years) and 15 older adults (mean age 64 years) completed a 20-min bout of stationary cycling at 65% of VO2peak. Affective responses were assessed before, during, and immediately after exercise. Participants’ exercise self-efficacy beliefs were assessed before and immediately after exercise. Both groups reported reduced pleasant feeling states and self-efficacy and increased physical exhaustion in response to acute exercise. Older adults also demonstrated a significant decrease in revitalization during and after cycling. Correlation analyses revealed that self-efficacy was related to feelings of fatigue during exercise and postexercise feelings of energy and fatigue. Both groups reported negative shifts in affect and self-efficacy during and 5 min after cycling. Acute affective and self-efficacy responses might influence one’s motivation to adopt and maintain regular physical activity. The relationship between these acute responses and physical activity behavior across the life span warrants future inquiry.

scholarly journals Assessing the Utility of an Outpatient Exercise Program for Children With Cystic Fibrosis: A Quality Improvement Project

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne Adair ◽  
Ahmad Hider ◽  
Amy G. Filbrun ◽  
Chris Tapley ◽  
Sandra Bouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Physical Strength

Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) (cwCF) suffer from inadequate weight gain, failure to thrive, and muscle weakness. The latter may be secondary to disuse atrophy (muscle wasting or reduction in muscle size associated with reduced physical activity and inflammation). Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable surrogate for muscle strength and lean body mass. Data from our CF center have shown an association between low HGS and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in cwCF. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical strength. Therefore, we devised a project to assess implementing a HIIT exercise program in the home setting, in order to improve physical strength in cwCF with HGS ≤ 50th percentile. Patients were instructed to complete 3–5 sessions of HIIT exercises per week. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were used to compare HGS, FEV1, and body mass index (BMI) percentile at baseline and at a follow-up clinic visit. Follow-up was limited due to the COVID pandemic. Adherence to the HIIT regimen was poor. A total of twenty-nine cwCF participated in the program. However, a total of 13 individuals reported some form of moderate activity at follow-up and therefore constituted our final study population. There was a statistically significant increase in absolute grip strength (AGS) and FEV1 for these individuals. Even though the home HIIT protocol was not followed, the project demonstrated that moderate physical activity in cwCF can lead to significant improvement in HGS and overall physical strength.

scholarly journals Long-Term Adherence to Physical Activity Among Older Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 859-859
Author(s):  
Candace Brown
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Α Level

Abstract The benefits of physical activity (PA) are well-established and it is recommended that older adults achieve at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate intensity PA and strengthening activities weekly. However, only 54.0% and 23.2% of older adults achieve these recommendations for endurance and strengthening (respectively), and 48% dropout within the first 6-months. Most PA research focuses on the 6-month initiation phase leaving a gap regarding long-term adherence. We explored predictors of long-term adherence (&gt;2-years) to PA from 97participants at 6-month follow-up and yearly surveys. Variables examined included age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported comorbidities, symptoms, physical function, and barrier-specific self-efficacy scale (α-level 0.05). Lower BMI (29.1±5.1 versus 31.6±6.5, p=0.047) and higher self-efficacy to overcome environmental barriers (p=0.016) and social isolation (p=0.05) were associated with long-term adherence. Self-efficacy to overcome environmental and social barriers should be addressed to promote long-term adherence to exercise among older adults

Predictors of Physical Activity 6 Months Postintervention in the Active for Life Initiative

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Baruth ◽  
Sara Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Active Intervention ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Active Living Every Day

Background:Understanding who is most and least likely to remain active after the completion of physical activity (PA) interventions can assist in developing more targeted and effective programs to enhance prolonged behavior change. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of meeting PA recommendations 6 months postintervention in participants enrolled in Active for Life.Methods:Participants from 2 behavioral PA programs [158 Active Choices (AC); 1025 Active Living Every Day (ALED)] completed surveys 6 months after completion of the active intervention. Analyses examined predictors of meeting PA recommendations at follow-up.Results:The following were significant predictors: In ALED: self-report health status, satisfaction with body function, and self-efficacy at baseline; PA status at posttest; changes in self-efficacy, perceived stress, and satisfaction with body function and appearance from baseline to posttest. In AC: PA status at posttest.Conclusions:The ultimate goal of health promotion programs is to teach the behavioral skills necessary to sustain behavior change once an active intervention is complete. The findings from this study suggest that predicting PA behavior after cessation of PA interventions may not be straightforward, and predictor variables may operate differently in different intervention approaches.

Using Self-Efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to Develop a Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Byfield Dallow ◽  
Jennifer Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Behavior Change Theory

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior change theory to a physical activity intervention for obese, sedentary women. Design. A 48-week randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to one of two intervention groups. Setting. A university classroom and a local health club. Subjects. Fifty-eight sedentary, obese women. Interventions. A 24-week theory-based physical activity program that aims to change the way subjects think and behave in relation to physical activity (treatment group, n = 29) and a traditionally structured exercise program (control group, n = 29). Measures. Questionnaires on physical activity, stage of change, processes of change, and self-efficacy were completed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. Results. Twenty-seven of the 29 participants in the treatment group and 17 participants in the control group completed the study. Analysis of variance revealed significant and positive changes in measures of eight processes of change, self-efficacy, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in the treatment group at 24 weeks. All but one of these changes were maintained at 48 weeks. In the control group, significant changes occurred in only two processes of change, and no change occurred in self-efficacy, physical activity, or cardiorespiratory fitness at 24 or 48 weeks. Conclusion. A theory-based intervention is more likely to change the way obese women think and behave in relation to physical activity than a traditional exercise program that does not incorporate behavior change theory.

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