Smoking: A Panel Study of Beliefs and Behavior following the PHS Report

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Swinehart ◽  
John P. Kirscht
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Personal Relevance ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Smoking And Health ◽  
Do So ◽  
Personal Harm

Following the PHS Report on smoking and health, a panel study of 128 college students was conducted, with questionnaires administered 2, 4, and 12 wk. after the Report appeared. Data were obtained on smoking behavior, recall and evaluation of the contents of the Report, perceptions of the personal relevance of health threats from smoking, satisfactions derived from smoking and expected benefits from quitting. Restrictions in the data obtained prevented a test of the prediction that a specified combination of beliefs would lead to a given behavioral change. The data partially confirmed predicted belief differences between those who continued to smoke, those who resumed smoking, and non-smokers. Neither the level of, nor changes in, reported satisfactions from smoking and benefits expected from quitting seemed to be used as means for dissonance reduction. However, smokers, as compared with non-smokers, became less accurate in recalling the content of the Report, and evaluated the Report less favorably. Smokers appeared to accept the possibility of personal harm from smoking but believed they could quit if they decided to do so. An intention to quit apparently helped some smokers tolerate the disturbing discrepancy between their beliefs and their behavior.

It Is Your Decision to Date Interracially: The Influence of Family Approval on the Likelihood of Interracial/Interethnic Dating

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199413
Author(s):  
Byron Miller ◽  
Savanah Catalina ◽  
Sara Rocks ◽  
Kathryn Tillman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Interracial Romance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Do So

Although attitudes toward interracial romantic relationships (IRRs) have generally improved over the years, many Americans still disapprove of their family members being in IRRs. Prior studies have examined correlates of individual-level attitudes about interracial romance, but less is known about whether family members’ attitudes are directly associated with young people’s decisions to date interracially. Using data collected from 790 romantically involved college students at two large public four-year universities, we find that young adults who believe their siblings, parents, and grandparents approve of IRRs have greater odds of dating interracially. Compared to Whites, Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to be interracially involved but their decision to do so is much less dependent on the approval of their parents and grandparents. We also find young adults are more likely to date interracially if they have five or more relatives with IRR experience themselves. The findings and their implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of food insecurity during college on graduation and type of degree attained: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Julia A Wolfson ◽  
Noura Insolera ◽  
Alicia J Cohen ◽  
Cindy W Leung
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
First Generation Students ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of food insecurity during college on graduation and degree attainment. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal panel data. We measured food insecurity concurrent with college enrollment using the 18-question USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. Educational attainment was measured in 2015-2017 via two questions about college completion and highest degree attained. Logistic and multinomial-logit models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics were estimated. Setting: United States (US) Participants: A nationally representative, balanced panel of 1,574 college students in the US in 1999-2003 with follow-up through 2015-2017 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results: In 1999-2003, 14.5% of college students were food insecure and were more likely to be older, non-White, and first-generation students. In adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with lower odds of college graduation (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88, p=0.01) and lower likelihood of obtaining a Bachelor’s degree (RRR 0.57 95% CI: 0.35, 0.92, p=0.02) or graduate/professional degree (RRR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.86, p=0.022). These associations were more pronounced among first-generation students. 47.2% of first-generation students who experienced food insecurity graduated from college; food insecure first-generation students were less likely to graduate compared to first-generation students who were food secure (47.2% vs. 59.3%, p=0.020) and non-first-generation students who were food insecure (47.2% vs. 65.2%, p=0.037). Conclusions: Food insecurity during college is a barrier to graduation and higher degree attainment, particularly for first-generation students. Existing policies and programs that help mitigate food insecurity should be expanded and more accessible to the college student population.

Smoking and Trait Anxiety

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Farley ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

Smoking behavior was not associated with manifest anxiety scores for a sample of 91 college students.

Research on Constructing the Cultivation Mode of College Students’ Innovative and Entrepreneurial Psychological Quality in Mental Health Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4568-4578
Author(s):  
Chunli Liu ◽  
Jianzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Dynamic Tracking ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Education Courses ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Objectives: Under the background of entrepreneurship, college students have obvious entrepreneurial advantages and become the main force in the entrepreneurial army. Universities actively respond to the call of the state. Methods: In recent years, they have continuously expanded their enrollment, which has made many students exposed to higher education courses and increased the knowledge reserve of Chinese students. Entrepreneurial psychological quality refers to a kind of psychological quality level which is formed and continuously developed and matured under the influence of people’s entrepreneurial environment and corresponding society. Results: It is a reflection of people’s psychology and behavior. In the actual process of entrepreneurship, due to the lack of social experience and entrepreneurial psychological quality, it is often difficult for college students to achieve the desired goals, often ended in failure. It is important to cultivate the psychological quality of college students. Conclusion: Based on this, this paper constructs the cultivation path of College Students’ innovation and entrepreneurship psychological quality by improving the innovation and entrepreneurship health education curriculum, improving the psychological consultation mechanism, and doing a good job of psychological health dynamic tracking.

scholarly journals Metadiscourse Markers in Master Thesis Abstracts of American and Iraqi English Theses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawther Abdual Ameer Hussein ◽  
Jinan Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Nawal Fadhil Abbas
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Native American ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Interactive Resources ◽  
Do So

The present study is intended to critically examine metadiscourse markers in 24 master thesis abstracts. Twelve of them are written by non-native Iraqi female students and the rest by native American female students. To do so, the researchers have set two aims: examining the types and subtypes of metadiscourse markers in terms of nativity and major and comparing the usages of metadiscourse markers’ types and subtypes in terms of nativity. To achieve the present aims, Hyland’s model (2005) is adopted. It aids in classifying the types and subtypes of metadiscourse markers in both data. The findings show that the Iraqi and American researchers use the interactive resources more than the interactional ones but the American researchers are capable of engaging their readers since their use of the interactional markers is higher than their counterparts. The field has no effect on the use of metadiscourse markers. There is diversity in the usage of the interactive resources in Iraqi data. Accordingly, the researchers recommend metadiscourse markers to be added to M.A courses as part of abstract writing exercise and the instructors of fourth-year college students to include metadiscourse markers in the writing of their research papers for coherence and clarity.

scholarly journals The Nature of Educational Tourism: The Aspects of Means-end Chain Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tsai-Fa Yen ◽  
Qinglin Zhang ◽  
Yanxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Behavior

This study aimed at investigating the nature of educational tourism by the adoption of means-end chain approach. Data was collected by interviewing three college students who finished the survey at Panxi area in 2020. Means-end chain approach, then, was employed to analyze the data. Findings show that a total of six meaningful paths: professional competence - research work - the integrated value of knowing and doing, destination health tourism resources -research work - the integration of knowing and doing, professional competence - interpersonal communication -research motivation - the integration of knowing and doing, destination travel Impressions - research work – discovery, travel habits -research work – discovery, and interpersonal communication - research work - leisure and social value could be met to be the approached to the nature of educational tourism. For example, college students hope to bring together their knowledge and behavior by participating in educational tourism. By verifying their professional ability (attributes), completing the research work (results), and reflecting the study of tourism to use, and the integration of knowing and doing. Moreover, recommendations to the government, industry, and future research were drawn.

scholarly journals What do college students do and think about IT ethics?

10.29007/jw8j ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Ulman ◽  
Albert Harris ◽  
Cristina Marreiros ◽  
Rui Quaresma ◽  
Murodjon Ganiyev
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
It Ethics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
One Way Anova

Ethics has become a part of many Information Technology (IT) and business classes at colleges and universities. However, the way of teaching IT ethical behavior is sometimes non-effective. Yet, many current ethical issues related to emerging technologies such as big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are not considered at all. The paper aims to explore relationships between students’ demographics and inclination towards unethical behavior. The study presents results of a multinational survey conducted with convenience samples of college students at public universities in seven countries from Europe, Africa and North America between October 2017 and January 2018. The survey instrument contained items reporting on perceived importance of IT ethics issues, personal experience with them, and several demographics questions. Data analysis is done with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and F-tests. We conclude that nationality, gender, degree year, computer skills and perception of the importance of IT ethics are significantly related with behavior. Perceptions and behavior of students evolve with the rapid pace of technology, which should be a major concern both for educators and business managers as they would recruit prospective employees from the current students.

scholarly journals Operant/Classical Conditioning: Comparisons,Intersections and Interactions The 2014 Winter Conference on Animal Learning and Behavior Focus and Research Seminar Sessions

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Weiss ◽  
Jesús Rosales-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
Research Seminar ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Behavior

The Keynote Speaker at Winter Conference on Animal Learning and Behavior (WCALB) 2014 was Dr. Björn Brembs whose address was titled, Pavlovian and Skinnerian Processes Are Genetically Separable. The essence of the address, that describes the research on which Dr. Brembs based this conclusion, is described below. Articles in this issue representing the related Focus Session include: The Many Faces of Pavlovian Conditioning by Dr. Jozefowiez, Pavlov + Skinner = Premack by Dr. Killeen, Evocation of Behavioral Change by the Reinforcer is the Critical Event in Both the Classical and Operant Procedures by Dr. Donahoe, On Choice and the Law of Effect by Dr. Staddon, Response-Outcome versus Outcome-Response Associations in Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer: Effects of Instrumental Training Context by Gilroy, Everett and Delamater, and The Instrumentally-Derived Incentive-Motivational Function by Dr. Weiss. As a whole, they attempt to increase our contact with, and get at the essence of, what is actually happening with these operant and classical contingencies in the laboratory and nature. The Research Seminar Session revealed the current tendency for explanations of behavior to be reduced to physiology, neuroscience, and genetics. However, anti-reductionists saw shortcomings in this approach. They recommended an interconnected holistic approach which shifts the focus away from the structure of discrete behaviors and toward examining the environment in which the behavior occurs and the consequences produced. The distinction between structural and functional analysis points to a difficulty of integrating facts about behavior with other levels of analysis that requires our attention.

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