Continuing Behavioral Differences in Infant Monkeys as Related to Mode of Delivery

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert W. Meier ◽  
Consuelo Garcia-Rodriquez
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Behavioral Differences

The previously-described differences in CAR and CER acquisition during the neonatal period related to mode of delivery persist for at least 3 mo. thereafter providing the infant is first given the conditioning experience during the neonatal period. In the present study groups of rhesus monkeys, half delivered by cesarean section and half delivered vaginally, were tested at monthly intervals starting on Day 1 or Day 31. The striking differences characteristic of the conditioning performances at birth were greatly reduced at Day 31 in those groups first observed at that age. Although the age-at-introduction × mode-of-delivery interaction was impressive, a convincing basis for interpretation is not apparent. Activity and vocalization levels could not be related to these conditioning performances.

scholarly journals Women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section for a single pregnancy: a population-based and multivariate study in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam de Loenzien ◽  
Quoc Nhu Hung Mac ◽  
Alexandre Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Primiparous Women

Abstract Background Women’s empowerment, and maternal and neonatal health are important targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. Our objective is to examine the relationship between women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section (ECS), focusing on Vietnam, a country where the use of CS has increased rapidly in recent decades, which raises public health concerns. Methods We hypothesized that in the context of the developing biomedicalization of childbirth, women’s empowerment increases the use of ECS due to a woman’s enhanced ability to decide her mode of delivery. By using microdata from the 2013–2014 Multiple Indicator Clusters Survey, we conducted a multivariate analysis of the correlates of ECS. We studied a representative sample of 1343 institutional single birth deliveries. Due to higher ECS rates among multiparous (18.4%) than primiparous women (10.1%) and the potential interaction between parity and other correlates, we used separate models for primiparous and multiparous women. Results Among the indicators of women’s external resources, which include a higher level of education, having worked during the previous 12 months, and having one’s own mobile phone, only education differed between primiparous and multiparous women, with a higher level among primiparous women. Among primiparous women, no resource indicator was significantly linked to ECS. However, considering women’s empowerment facilitated the identification of the negative impact of having had fewer than 3 antenatal care visits on the use of ECS. Among multiparous women, disapproval of intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with a doubled likelihood of undergoing ECS (odds ratio = 2.415), and living in an urban area also doubled the likelihood of ECS. The positive association with living in the richest household quintile was no longer significant when attitude towards IPV was included in the model. In both groups, being aged 35 or older increased the likelihood of undergoing ECS, and this impact was stronger in primiparous women. Conclusions These results underline the multidimensionality of empowerment, its links to other correlates and its contribution to clarifying the influence of these correlates, particularly for distinguishing between medical and sociocultural determinants. The results advocate for the integration of women's empowerment into policies aimed at reducing ECS rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of intracranial hemorrhage grade in preterm singleton pregnancies delivered vaginally or by cesarean section

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Ljustina ◽  
Ivana Berisavac ◽  
Milica Berisavac ◽  
Ljudmila Kovacevic-Vukolic ◽  
Vesna Velickovic-Aleksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vertex Presentation ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background/Aim. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Periventricular hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) remains a significant cause of both morbidity and mortality in infants prematurely born. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perinatal outcome regarding IVH of premature babies according to the mode of delivery. Methods. A total of 126 women in preterm singleton pregnancies with vertex presentation and 126 neonates weighted from 750 g to 1,500 g at birth were enrolled. The outcomes of 64 neonates born vaginally were compared to 62 neonates born by cesarean section. Results. There was no significant difference in the incidence of IVH among both groups. Conclusion. Our data is consistent with the hypothesis that the mode of delivery does not influence IVH and consenquently perinatal outcome in preterm neonates.

scholarly journals Prelabour Rupture of Membranes: Mode of Delivery and Outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlora Ademi Ibishi ◽  
Rozalinda Dusan Isjanovska
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Cephalopelvic Disproportion ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Failed Induction ◽  
The University

BACKGROUND: Pre-labour Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and increased rate of cesarean section delivery. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics, PROM-delivery interval, mode of delivery, and early maternal neonatal outcome among pregnant patients presenting with pre-labour rupture of membranes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective case control study is implemented at the Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. The study included 100 pregnant patients presenting with prelabour rupture of membranes of which 63 were primigravida and 37 patients were multigravida.RESULTS: The incidence of cesarean section in this study is 28 % and the most common indications for cesarean delivery were fetal distress, malpresentation, cephalopelvic disproportion, and failed induction. The most common maternal complications in this study are chorioamnionitis, retained placenta and postpartum hemorrhage. Neonatal infectious morbidity was present in 16 % of cases.CONCLUSION: PROM is a significant issue for obstetricians and an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and increased rate of cesarean section delivery.

scholarly journals Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Onset of Puberty in Primates*

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ei Terasawa ◽  
David L. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Gaba Inhibition ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Lhrh Release ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract An increase in pulsatile release of LHRH is essential for the onset of puberty. However, the mechanism controlling the pubertal increase in LHRH release is still unclear. In primates the LHRH neurosecretory system is already active during the neonatal period but subsequently enters a dormant state in the juvenile/prepubertal period. Neither gonadal steroid hormones nor the absence of facilitatory neuronal inputs to LHRH neurons is responsible for the low levels of LHRH release before the onset of puberty in primates. Recent studies suggest that during the prepubertal period an inhibitory neuronal system suppresses LHRH release and that during the subsequent maturation of the hypothalamus this prepubertal inhibition is removed, allowing the adult pattern of pulsatile LHRH release. In fact,γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) appears to be an inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for restricting LHRH release before the onset of puberty in female rhesus monkeys. In addition, it appears that the reduction in tonic GABA inhibition allows an increase in the release of glutamate as well as other neurotransmitters, which contributes to the increase in pubertal LHRH release. In this review, developmental changes in several neurotransmitter systems controlling pulsatile LHRH release are extensively reviewed.

scholarly journals Development of Gut Microbiota in Childhood: Focusing on the effects of mode of delivery and nutrition in neonatal period

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Shohei Akagawa ◽  
Yuko Akagawa ◽  
Shoji Tsuji ◽  
Kazunari Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Mode Of Delivery

scholarly journals Effect of "Motivational Interviewing" and "Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills” on Choosing Mode of Delivery in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Shirzad ◽  
Elham Shakibazadeh ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽  
Mehrandokht Abedini ◽  
Hamid Poursharifi
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Brief Interventions ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Face To Face

Abstract Background: Cesarean section is an important surgical procedure to save mothers and/or babies’ lives. Current trends show that the rate of Cesarean section is increasing dramatically over the years. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of "motivational interviewing" and "information, motivation and behavioral skills” model on choosing mode of delivery among pregnant women.Methods: In a four-armed, parallel-design randomized controlled trial, 120 women were randomly assigned to three brief interventions and one control groups. We recruited pregnant women referring to Ebnesina hospital, Tehran- Iran from 2019-2020. The intervention groups included: 1) motivational interviewing; 2) face-to-face information, motivation and behavioural skills model; and 3) information, motivation and behavioural skills model provided using a mobile application. The inclusion criteria were being literate, gestational age 24 to 32 weeks, being able to speak Persian, having no complications in the current pregnancy, having no indications for CS, and having enough time to participate in the study. The most important outcomes of the study included women’s intentions to undergo any mode of delivery, women’s self-efficacy in choosing the mode of delivery, and mode of delivery. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and standard deviation), inferential statistics including independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared and One-way ANOVA tests and logistic regression.Results: Following the interventions, significant differences were found in the mode of delivery (P < 0.05) and women’s self-efficacy and intention (P < 0.05). Women who had used the mobile application had more improvements in the self-efficacy and intention than the face-to-face intervention groups.Conclusions: Our study showed positive significant effects of various types of brief interventions to reduce unnecessary Cesarean section rate among the participant women. Providing the intervention using mobile application showed even better results. Our findings may contribute to a rise in normal vaginal delivery; and these simple, non-expensive, tailored to women, and culture-oriented brief interventions can be considered as appropriate strategies to reduce Cesarean section rate in local, national, and/or regional levels.Trial registration: This study has been registered in Iran Randomized Clinical Trial Center (IRCT20151208025431N7). Registered October 07, 2018.

Cesarean section and offspring’s risk of multiple sclerosis: a Danish nationwide cohort study

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nete M Nielsen ◽  
Peter Bager ◽  
Egon Stenager ◽  
Bo V Pedersen ◽  
Nils Koch-Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Log Linear

Background: Apart from a recent study reporting a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) among women and men who were delivered by Cesarean section (C-section), little attention has been given to the possible association between mode of delivery and the risk of MS. Objectives: We studied the association between C-section and risk of MS, in a cohort of 1.7 million Danes born from 1973 to 2005. Methods: Information on C-section and MS was obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Register and the Danish MS Register, respectively. The association between C-section and MS was evaluated by means of MS incidence rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained in log-linear Poisson regression analyses. Results: There were 930 cases of MS in the study cohort, of whom 80 (9%) were delivered by C-section. Overall, we found there was no significant association between C-section and risk of MS (RR = 1.17; 0.92–1.46). Analyses stratified by sex revealed no unusual risk of MS for women (RR = 1.08: 0.80–1.42) nor men (RR = 1.37: 0.91–1.98). A supplementary sibling-matched Cox regression analysis likewise suggested there was no excess risk of MS in persons delivered by C-section (HR = 1.03; 0.63–1.69). Conclusions: Mode of delivery appears to be unimportant in relation to MS development in the offspring.

EFFECT OF HBA1C LEVEL ON MODE OF DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-784
Author(s):  
SAIMA PERVEEN ◽  
PARVEEN NAVEED ◽  
NAZISH HAYAT ◽  
NADIA RASHID
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Sugar Levels

BACKGROUND: Perinatal outcome is related to the onset and duration of glucose intolerance. Theobjective of the study is to determine the effect of HbAlc on mode of delivery in Obs/Gynea departmentof Saidu Teaching Hospital, Swat.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This observational & descriptive study was carried out in theDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Saidu Teaching Hospital, Swat, from 1st March 2015 to29th Feb 2016. Total 313 pregnant women were included in the study, who had Gestational Diabetes orEstablished Diabetes.Detail history was taken regarding maternal age in years, gestational age in weeks.Abdominal examination was done for lie and presenting part of the fetus, and vaginal examination wereperformed. These patients were followed till the end of labour and their mode of delivery i-e; normalvaginal delivery, instrumental delivery or cesarean section was recorded. Maternal HbAlc level wasdone at the time of delivery and was categorized as Mild (< 6.5), Moderate (6.5-9) and severe (>9).Maternal HbAlc was measured in hospital laboratory. The numerical variables of mean HbAlc,maternal age in years and gestational age in weeks were analyzed by mean ± SD (range). Categoricalvariables like; grades of severity of HbAlc levels and frequency of modes of delivery were analyzed byfrequency (number) and relative frequency (percentages). SPSS 20 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illnios, USA)was used to analyze the data.RESULTS:The total number of patients was 313. Mean age of the study population was 27.85 ± 6.37(43 - 15) (95% Cl 28.39 - 27.30). The mean age of gestational amenorrhea, at which most of thepatients presented was 38.31 ± 3.02, ranging from 41 to 29, (95%CI 38.57 - 38.5). The meanglycosylated Hemoglobin (HbAlc) was 6.9 ± 1.69 (95% Cl 6.17 - 5.88). Majority of the patients hadpoorly controlled diabetes, i-e: 64%. In different levels of HbAlc levels, normal vaginal delivery wasthe pre dominant mode of delivery.CONCLUSION:^ patients with uncontrolled diabetes the rate of complications increased and so doesthe rate of macrosomia and fetal distress, leading to higher rate of cesarean section and instrumentaldelivery, so by strict control of the blood sugar levels in a diabetic patient one can reduce the risk ofoperative deliveries and complications.KEY WORDS:Hbalc levels, Mode of delivery, cesarean section

Relationship between painless delivery and postpartum depression: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Suzumori ◽  
Takeshi Ebara ◽  
Hazuki Tamada ◽  
Taro Matsuki ◽  
Hirotaka Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
Paracervical Block

Abstract Background Postpartum depression is one of the most commonly experienced psychological disorders for women after childbirth, usually occurring within one year. This study aimed to clarify whether women with painless delivery, including epidural analgesia, spinal-epidural analgesia, and paracervical block, had a decreased risk of postpartum depression after giving birth in Japan. Methods The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was a prospective cohort study that enrolled registered fetal records (n = 104,065) in 15 regions nationwide in Japan. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (aORs) for the association between mode of delivery with or without analgesia and postpartum depression at one-, six- and twelve-months after childbirth. Results At six months after childbirth, painless vaginal delivery was associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression (aOR: 1.218, 95% confidence interval: 1.067–1.391), compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Nevertheless, the risk disappeared one year after delivery. Among the pregnant women who requested painless delivery, 5.1% had a positive Kessler-6 scale (K6) score for depression before the first trimester (p < 0.0001), which was significantly higher than the proportions in the vaginal delivery without analgesia (3.5%) and cesarean delivery (3.5%) groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that the risk of postpartum depression at six months after childbirth tended to be increased after painless vaginal delivery, compared with vaginal delivery without analgesia or cesarean section. Requests for painless delivery continue to be relatively uncommon in Japan, and women who make such requests might be more likely to experience postpartum depressive symptoms because of underlying personality characteristics, including a tendency to worry.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cesarean and Vaginal Delivery on Results of Psychological Cognitive Test in 5 Year Old Children

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Barbora Blazkova ◽  
Anna Pastorkova ◽  
Ivo Solansky ◽  
Milos Veleminsky ◽  
Milos Veleminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Higher Secondary Education ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Impact

Background and objectives: The impact of cesarean and vaginal delivery on cognitive development was analyzed in 5 year old children. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of 5 year old children born in the years 2013 and 2014 in Karvina (Northern Moravia) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia) were studied for their cognitive development related to vaginal (n = 117) and cesarean types of delivery (n = 51). The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (BG test) and the Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM test) were used as psychological tests. Results: In the comparison of vaginal delivery vs. cesarean section, the children delivered by cesarean section scored lower and, therefore, achieved poorer performance in cognitive tests compared to those born by vaginal delivery, as shown in the RCPM (p < 0.001) and in the BG test (p < 0.001). When mothers’ education level was considered, the children whose mothers achieved a university degree scored higher in both the RCPM test (p < 0.001) and the BG test (p < 0.01) compared to the children of mothers with lower secondary education. When comparing mothers with a university degree to those with higher secondary education, there was a significant correlation between level of education and score achieved in the RCPM test (p < 0.001), but not in the BG test. Conclusions: According to our findings, the mode of delivery seems to have a significant influence on performance in psychological cognitive tests in 5 year old children in favor of those who were born by vaginal delivery. Since cesarean-born children scored notably below vaginally born children, it appears possible that cesarean delivery may have a convincingly adverse effect on children’s further cognitive development.

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