Correlation: Its Visual Presentation and Logical Interpretation

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Logical Interpretation ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Level Of Significance

Three conceptual representations of correlation are presented and evaluated in terms of the extent to which they deal with various sources of respondent bias. The basic hurdles the researcher must overcome before the results of simple correlational analysis allow inferences to be drawn are discussed, along with potential misinterpretations involving the level of significance and various other issues surrounding the use of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN LISTENING COMPREHENSION ASSESSMENT BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS X SMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ari Sabari ◽  
Chuzaimah D Diem ◽  
Nyayu Khatijah
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
One To One ◽  
Reading Inventory ◽  
Level Of Significance

Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan assesment pada pembelajaran listening comprehension untuk mengukur keterampilan menyimak peserta didik, yang terdiri dari 21 materi menyimak berbasis kearifan lokal. Produk ini dikembangkan berdasarkan desain penelitian yang dikemukakan oleh Akker (1999) yang terdiri dari analisis, desain, evaluasi, dan revisi. Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 64 pesertadidik kelas 10 di salah satu sekolah negeri di kabupaten Banyuasin. Validitas hasil pengembangan dinilai oleh para ahli dalam tiga aspek, yaitu materi, desain instruksional, dan media. Hasilnya menunjukkan rerata penilainya pada setiap aspek secara berturut-turut adalah 3,21, 3,26 dan 3,85 dalam kategori valid. Hasil uji one-to-one yang diperoleh untuk menguji praktikalitas produk adalah 3,44 dan uji small group diperoleh nilai 3,98 yang juga termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Kemudian, hasil tes kemampuan menyimak pesertadidik menggunakan produk yang dihasilkan dengan rerata ( = 52,60)berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan hasil tes standar menggunakan Reading inventory (Burns/Roe, 1993) nilai reratanya sebesar ( = 56,65)Dengan menggunakan Pearson product moment correlation coefficient didapat R = ,450 dengan Level of Significance yaitu p ,01 dalam kategori sedang. Ini berarti bahwa assessment yang dikembangkan ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan menyimak peserta didik ditempat yang lain.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MOTIVATION BEHAVIOUR AND SPEAKING ABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Diki Maulana ◽  
Widya Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Detya Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
English Students

This researchis aboutthe correlation between motivation behaviour and spekaing abilityat English Students Association. Hence, this research is aimed to find out whether or not there is a significant correlation between motivation behaviour and speaking ability at English Students Association. This research used correlation research design and qualitative research. The instrument is motivation test using questionnaire and speaking test by story telling. The population of this research is English Students Association of IKIP Siliwangi and the sample is 30 students. The data o this research is analysed using pearson product  moment correlation coefficient. The degree of correlation between two variables was low with a correlation coefficient of 0.045. the result showed that there was a weak correlation between motivation behaviour and speaking ability at English Students Association.

scholarly journals Effect of generator (exhaust) fumes on the growth and development of Lycopersicum esculentus (tomato)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
M.N. Chukwu ◽  
E.A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Source Of Pollution

The effects of generator (Exhaust) Fumes on the growth and development of Lycopersicum esculentus were evaluated in this study. It involved sowing ten seeds of L. esculentus in plastic pots. These were allowed to germinate and stabilize for two weeks after which they were exposed to 0.75KVA generator fumes 8 hours a day at the distance of 3 m, 6 m, and 9 m respectively from the source while the control was retained at the planting site. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at 5% level of significance. Although the mean dry weights of the plants increased as the distance of the plants from the source of pollution increased, only the 3 m treatment led to significant reduction of the growth rate of the seedlings (p < 0.05). The heights of  the plants were adversely affected by the fume emission especially at the distance of 3 m away from the source (p < 0.05). The leaf number per plant increased as the distance of the plants from the source of pollution increased with significant effects on plant from distance of 3 m and 6 m at the later stage of their growth (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the plants in the different treatments for the different parameters measured.. Farmers should locate their farmlands at a distance of at least 50 km away from the factories to minimize effect of air pollutants and the government should also place a ban on importation of old generators.Keywords: generator fume, emission, Lycopersicum esculentus, growth, germination

Effects of Scaling on the Correlation Coefficient: Additional Considerations

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bivariate Normal Distribution ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Bivariate Normal ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Restricted Number

Distortion in the Pearson product moment correlation due to a restricted number of scale points is evaluated in two ways. First, a simulation of the bivariate normal distribution is used to estimate the effects of varying the number of scale points on the product moment correlation. This procedure demonstrates a substantial amount of information loss. Second, other correlation coefficients and some methods to correct for this loss are discussed and related to the simulation data.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of the Standardized Orthopedic Assessment Tool (SOAT): A Variation of the Traditional Objective Structured Clinical Examination

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Lafave ◽  
Larry Katz
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Clinical Competence ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Context: Health care professions have replaced traditional multiple choice tests or essays with structured and practical, performance-based examinations with the hope of eliminating rater bias and measuring clinical competence. Objective: To establish the validity and reliability of the Standardized Orthopedic Assessment Tool (SOAT) as a measure of clinical competence of orthopaedic injury evaluation. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: University. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 60 undergraduate students and 11 raters from 3 Canadian universities and 1 standardized patient. Intervention(s): Students were required to complete a 30-minute musculoskeletal evaluation in 1 of 2 randomly assigned mock scenarios involving the knee (second-degree medial collateral ligament sprain) or the shoulder (third-degree supraspinatus muscle strain). Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured interreliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,k) and stability of the tool with standard error of measurement and confidence intervals. Agreement was measured using Bland-Altman plots. Concurrent validity was measured using a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient whereby the raters' global rating of a student was matched to the cumulative mean grade score. Results: The ICCs were 0.75 and 0.82 for the shoulder and knee cases, respectively. Bland-Altman plots indicated no systematic bias between raters. In addition, Pearson product moment correlation analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between the overall cumulative mean grade score and the global rating score of the examinees' performances. Conclusions: This study demonstrated good interrater reliability of the SOAT with a standard error of measurement that indicated very modest stability, strong agreement between raters, and correlation indicative of concurrent validity.

scholarly journals Investigation of Strength, Flexibility and Balance Parameters with Performance Dimension in Basketball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Ömer Özer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Direction Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
Performance Dimension ◽  
Coefficient Method

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between strength, flexibility and balance parameters of male basketball players with performance dimension. Sixteen elite basketball players participated in the study voluntarily. Leg and back strength, flexibility and static and dynamic balance parameters of the participants were examined. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method was used to determine the relationship between performance values obtained from strength, flexibility and balance parameters. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained; between LS and BS (r = 0.676 p &lt; 0.01), SBRL and SBB (r = 0.787 p &lt; 0.01), SBLL and SBB and SBRL (r = 0.688 p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.791 p &lt; 0.01), DBB and SBB and SBRL (r = 0.775 p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.752 p &lt; 0.01), DBRL and SBB, SBRL, SBLL and DBB (r = 0.800 p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.694 p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.707 p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.874 p &lt; 0.01), DBLL and SBB and SBRL (r = 0.765 p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.652 p &lt; 0.01) are high related. Whiler there was a moderate relationship between DBB and SBLL(r = 0.610 p &lt; 0.05), DBRL and SBRL, DBB and DBRL (r = 0.588 p &lt; 0.05, r = 0.589 p &lt; 0.05, r = 0.566 p &lt; 0.05), there were no relationship between FLX and LS and BS(r = 0.430 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.155 p &gt; 0.05), SDİ SBB and LS, BS and FLX (r = 0.341 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.388 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.274 p &gt; Z0.05), SDSA SBRL and LS, BS and FLX (r = 0.103 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.347 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.167 p &gt; 0.05), SBLL and LS, BS ve FLX (r = -0.027 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.237 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.022 p &gt; 0.05), DBB and LS, BS ve FLX (r = 0.211 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.306 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.268 p &gt; 0.05), DBRL and LS, BS and FLX (r = 0.268 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.433 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.281 p &gt; 0.05), DBLL and LS, BS and FLX (r = 0.136 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.137 p &gt; 0.05, r = 0.164 p &gt; 0.05). As a result, it is thought that the basketball players&rsquo; performance will be increased by paying attention to the content of training programs due to the sudden direction change actions of basketball, which are related to strength, flexibility and balance parameters of male basketball players.

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