Defining the Term “Handicap:” A Function of Sex, Race, Religion, and Geographic Location

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Coet
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
American Religion ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Group

A sample of 100 subjects was characterized by sex, race (Caucasian-Mexican American), religion (affiliation-no affiliation), and geographic location (urban-rural). Subjects were given a questionnaire asking them to rank five groups of individuals they considered handicapped. Spearman rhos indicated that defining “handicap” differed significantly according to sex, race, religion, and geographic location. Males emphasized “lack of education,” while females stressed “deafness” and “birth defects.” Mexican Americans listed “minority” more frequently whereas Caucasian subjects placed more emphasis on “deafness” and “physical injury.” Subjects who had no religious affiliation were more concerned with “speech” and “minority” conditions. Urban subjects ranked the “minority” condition fifth while the rural group of subjects ranked the same condition tenth.

The Catholic Church and Mexican American Social Mobility in the Postwar Midwest: Evidence from Life and Family Histories

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Bienvenido Ruiz ◽  
Ramon S. Guerra ◽  
Arlett S. Lomeli ◽  
Rolando R. Longoria ◽  
Billy James Ulibarrí
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
Human And Social Capital

Religious affiliation has long been recognized as a relevant factor among the variables that intervene in the integration of immigrants to American society. While previous generations of many predominantly Roman Catholic ethnic groups are thought to have been helped along their way to assimilation by strong institutional support from American Catholic church institutions, Latinos, and in particular Mexican Americans, are considered an exception. This study examines the role that inclusion in Catholic institutions played in the social mobility experienced by multigenerational families of Mexican immigrant origin in the Midwest during the decades between 1945 and 1975. The analysis of life and family histories collected from in-depth interviews with older second- and third-generation Mexican Americans illustrates how integration into urban Catholic institutions and communities was instrumental in the upward social mobility observed in many of their family trajectories during the postwar decades. In particular, access to parochial schools and other institutions in the Catholic educational system once provided the children and grandchildren of Mexican immigrants the forms of human and social capital that allowed many in that generation to attain social mobility.

An ORBIT Phase 1: Design study of a citywide employer-based walking challenges in a predominantly Mexican American metropolitan area

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532097765
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Salinas ◽  
Roy Valenzuela ◽  
Jon Sheen ◽  
Malcolm Carlyle ◽  
Jennifer Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Orbit Model ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Most Mexican-Americans do not meet current physical activity recommendations. This paper uses the ORBIT model of obesity intervention development as a framework to outline the process of establishing three employer-based walking challenges in El Paso, Texas, a predominantly Mexican American community. The walking challenges were planned and implemented through the Border Coalition for Fitness and participating partnering organizations. Over 2000 participants and several employers took part in the walking challenges. Results from this ORBIT Phase 1 design intervention suggest that walking challenges are a feasible approach to increase physical activity in Mexican-Americans.

Urban–rural residence and birth defects prevalence in Texas: a phenome-wide association study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Benavides ◽  
Philip J. Lupo ◽  
Miranda Sosa ◽  
Kristina W. Whitworth ◽  
Mark A. Canfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Urban Rural

Measuring Attitudes and Health Beliefs Among Mexican Americans With Diabetes

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Schwab ◽  
Julie Meyer ◽  
Rosa Merrell
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Belief Model

Adherence to the treatment regimen for patients with diabetes is of major concern to healthcare practitioners, particularly when dealing with the high-risk, low-income, Mexican-American population. Assessing the attitudes and beliefs of this group is vital for planning effective and realistic intervention strategies. Therefore, we designed a culturally sensitive instrument to measure health beliefs and attitudes of low-income Mexican Americans with diabetes. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a basis for this study because it is well accepted as a predictor of health-related behaviors. However, we found that the HBM was not an effective tool for assessing the health beliefs or attitudes of this patient population even after rigorous efforts to operationalize the HBM and after conducting extensive statistical analyses. Only two of the five subscales of the traditional HBM, barriers and benefits, were reliable. Scales to measure acculturation and fatalism were added to increase the cultural sensitivity of the tool. These added components were found to be an important variable in interpreting the results for low-income Mexican-American patients.

The Ambivalent Minority: Mexican Americans and the Voting Rights Act

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Skerry
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Voting Rights Act ◽  
News Magazine ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Rich History

In the countless conversations about U.S. immigration policy that I have had with Mexican Americans of varied backgrounds and political orientations, seldom have my interlocutors failed to remind me that “We were here first,” or that “This was our land and you stole it from us.” Even a moderate Mexican American politician like former San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros sounds the same theme in a national news magazine:It is no accident that these regions have the names they do—Los Angeles, San Francisco, Colorado, Montana.…It is a rich history that Americans have been led to believe is an immigrant story when, in fact, the people who built this area in the first place were Hispanics.

scholarly journals Ethnic Attrition and the Observed Health of Later-Generation Mexican Americans

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Antman ◽  
Brian Duncan ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Almost All

Numerous studies find that U.S.-born Hispanics differ significantly from non-Hispanic whites on important measures of human capital, including health. Nevertheless, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants' U.S.-born descendants. This can lead to bias due to “ethnic attrition,” which occurs whenever a U.S.-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. This paper shows that Mexican American ethnic attritors are generally more likely to display health outcomes closer to those of non-Hispanic whites. This biases conventional estimates of Mexican American health away from suggesting patterns of assimilation and convergence with non-Hispanic whites.

Good Neighbor in the American Historical Imagination: Mexican American Intellectual Thought in the Fight for Civil Rights, 1930s–1940s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Good Neighbor

Abstract This article argues that historical narrative has held a significant role in Mexican American identity formation and civil rights activism by examining the way Mexican Americans in the 1930s and 1940s used history to claim full citizenship status in Texas. In particular, it centers on how George I. Sánchez (1906–1972), a scholar of Latin American education, revised historical narrative by weaving history and foreign policy together through a pragmatic lens. To educators and federal officials, Sánchez used this revisionist history to advocate for Mexican Americans, insisting that the Good Neighbor policy presented the United States with the chance to translate into reality the democratic ideals long professed in the American historical imagination. The example of Sánchez also prompts us to reexamine the historiography in our present day: How do we define the tradition and trajectory of Mexican American intellectual thought in U.S. history? This article posits that when Sánchez and other Mexican Americans thought about their community’s collective identity and civil rights issues through history, they were contributing to a longer conversation driven by questions about identity formation and equality that first emerged at the end of the U.S. War with Mexico in 1848. These questions remain salient in the present, indicating the need for a historiographic examination that will change how we imagine the tradition of intellectual thought in the United States.

Mexican American Identity: Regional Differentiation in New Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casandra D. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mexican American Identity

Existing research inadequately addresses the variation in Mexican Americans’ patterns of ethnic identification. Drawing on 78 interviews, I address this question by exploring how conceptions of ancestry and nationality shape ethnic identification among New Mexico’s long-standing Mexican American population, Nuevomexicanos. I find that Nuevomexicanos emphasized their ties to Spanish heritage within the history of New Mexico to explain their ethnicity and to construct their identity in opposition to Mexican immigrants. Although Nuevomexicanos varied in their claims to Mexican ancestry, they generally prioritized their roots in the original Spanish settlement of New Mexico to emphasize distinctions in ancestry, nationality, and regionality from Mexican immigrants. Moreover, despite Nuevomexicanos’ persistent claims to Spanish ancestry, they did not perceive themselves as racially White. Instead, Spanish ancestry was integral to Nuevomexicano identity because it enabled them to highlight their regional ties to New Mexico and long-time American identities. Thus, I argue that Nuevomexicanos’ enduring claims to Spanish ancestry represent a defensive strategy to enact dissociation from stigmatized Mexican immigrants. Overall, these findings show that Mexican Americans’ dissociation strategies are contingent on how they define themselves as members of an ethnic and national community. These findings also indicate that “Mexican American” as an identity term is a loosely maintained membership category among “Mexican Americans” because of their intragroup heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Factors associated with retention in faith-based drug treatment centers in the Mexican-American border

Salud Mental ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ietza Bojorquez ◽  
◽  
Daniel Rodríguez ◽  
Olga Odgers ◽  
Ramiro Jaimes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Introduction. Faith-based centers are major providers of residential treatment for substance use problems in Mexico, but relatively few studies have been conducted in this context. Objective. To explore factors associated with treatment retention in two faith-based (with different religious orientation) residential treatment facilities for male drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Method. We conducted an exploratory follow-up study of 328 clients admitted during 2014-2015 to either an Evangelical Pentecostal center or a faith-based center without a specific religious affiliation. The main outcome was retention, defined as remaining in treatment for at least three months. Results. Among participants, the retention rate was 38.7%. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that age (OR 1.04; 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]; p = .002) and having used heroin or opioids in the past 30 days (OR .50; 95% CI [.25, 1.00]; p = .049) were associated with retention. Having a personal religious affiliation was associated with retention in the Evangelical Pentecostal center, but not in the center without a specific religious affiliation. Discussion and conclusion. The retention rate was low, but within the previously reported range. The interaction of personal religious affiliation and the religious orientation of the center suggests that a match between a person’s religious convictions and those of the center could be important for retention. More research is needed to clarify the utility of faith-based centers for religious and non-religious drug users.

Abstract 1432: Nitric Oxide Bioavailability is Lower in Endothelium of Healthy Mexican American Donors as Compared to Non-Hispanic White Donors: Effect of Nebivolol

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P Mason ◽  
Ruslan Kubant ◽  
Christopher Malinski ◽  
Adam Jacoby ◽  
Robert F Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
No Bioavailability

Background: Epidemiologic studies indicate that Mexican Americans (MA) have a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and disease as compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW). This increase in CV risk may be due, in part, to differences in endothelial function. In this study, we measured endothelial function in cells from normotensive, age-matched MA and NHW donors, as well as the effects of treatment with nebivolol, a new β 1 -selective blocker with vasodilating properties. Methods: Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from age-matched MA and NHW donors were measured simultaneously using a nanosensor array. The effects of nebivolol on NO and ONOO − release were evaluated following pretreatment (24 h) with a calcium ionophore (CaI) as a receptor-independent stimulus. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) levels were measured by Western blot analysis, and drug-membrane interactions were determined by small angle x-ray diffraction approaches. Results: NO bioavailability in endothelial cells of MA donors was 30% lower than that of cells from NHW donors (383 ± 10 nM versus 543 ± 8 nM, n=6) following stimulation with CaI (1.0 μM). Pretreatment with nebivolol (1.0 μM) eliminated these interracial differences and enhanced NO release disproportionately in MA cells (57%) versus NHW cells (20%). Nebivolol also reduced ONOO − levels in MA endothelium by 75% (746 ± 12 nM to 195 ± 10 nM) and by 50% in NHW cells (416 ± 7 nM to 191 ± 13 nM). The ratio of NO to ONOO − , an indicator of eNOS coupling, increased more than 5-fold in MA cells following nebivolol treatment. In addition, eNOS levels were 40% lower in MA endothelium compared to NHW, but increased 2-fold with nebivolol treatment. These effects were not observed with atenolol, a hydrophilic β 1 -selective antagonist. Conclusion: We observed differences between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in endothelial NO bioavailability and nitroxidative stress–factors that may contribute to increased CV risk. Treatment with nebivolol, but not atenolol, enhanced both the expression and coupling efficiency of eNOS in Mexican American endothelium.

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