Response Patterns of Children to Interrogatives with Differing Syntactical Complexities

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Leder ◽  
Richard L. Egelston
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Delayed Language Development ◽  
Developmental Hierarchy ◽  
Better Than

This study systematically varied the syntactical complexity of 15 interrogative types by using adult and telegraphic syntax patterns. Different surface structures were generated but the same deep structure was maintained. 25 male and 25 female children between the ages of 34 and 72 mo. served as subjects. The purposes of this study were (a) to determine the hierarchy of response rate by children with normal and delayed language development and (b) to determine whether adult or Telegraphic syntax was responded to with greater accuracy by children with normal and delayed language development. The language-delayed group appeared to follow the same developmental hierarchy of interrogative acquisition as the normally developing group for both adult and telegraphic speech syntax. The normal group performed significantly better than the delayed group regarding types and syntactical complexity of interrogates answered appropriately. In addition, evidence was obtained for the preference of using syntax of adult speech over telegraphic speech syntax when interrogating a child whose language is delayed or normally developing.

scholarly journals The THE ANALYSIS PREDICTOR OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENT IN UNDER FIVE YEAR OLD CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Tri Ratna Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Test ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The difficulty of working mothers in stimulating the development of children's language was the lack of quality time for stimulation, the child was given a "leftover" time by the mother after the mother worked and the condition was tired after work. The study aimed to look for the predictor of language development achievement in under five years old children. The study design was analytic correlation. The study population was under five years old children with their mother (employed and unemployed) in  Mojokerto District as many as 760 respondents. Sample of 102 respondents were taken using cluster random sampling. Sources of data used primary data, the instrument used a questionnaire and DDST, and collection of DDST data through observation. This research used logistic regression test. The Research result showed that mother’s job influenced children language development with the analysis result p-value 0,000 < 0,05, while  the children’s gender also influenced their language development with p-value 0,046 < 0,05. From this research, it could be known that the working mothers had less time to motivate their children to learn a good language. Female children had a better language development than the male ones because female children had less activities

scholarly journals Efficacy of hemoporfin photodynamic therapy for pulsed dye laser-resistant facial port-wine stains in 107 children: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Li-Chao Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yuan-Bo Huang ◽  
Ming-Ye Bi
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Dye Laser ◽  
Pulsed Dye Laser ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Port Wine Stains ◽  
The Face ◽  
Better Than

Background: Port-wine stains occur in 0.3–0.5% newborns, mainly on the face and neck. Pulsed dye laser is recognized as the gold standard treatment; nevertheless, it is associated with a low cure rate and a high recurrence rate. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of hemoporfin photodynamic therapy for pulsed dye laser-resistant port-wine stains in children. Methods: We studied 107 children who received hemoporfin photodynamic therapy for port-wine stains on the face and neck that were resistant to pulsed dye laser. After intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg hemoporfin, the local lesion was irradiated with 532 nm LED green light for 20 min with a power density of 80–100 mW/cm2. A total of 65 patients were given a second treatment after eight weeks. The efficacy and therapeutic responses were recorded at four days and eight weeks after each treatment. Results: The efficacy was positively correlated with the number of treatments received; two treatment sessions yielded significantly better results compared to a single treatment with a response rate of 96.9%, a significant response rate of 50.8% and a cure rate of 21.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). After two treatment sessions, the efficacy was negatively correlated with age (P = 0.04). The efficacy for port-wine stains located on the lateral part was better than that of the central face (P = 0.04). The efficacy for the pink type was better than that for the red and purple types (P = 0.03). No allergic or systematic adverse reactions were reported. Limitations: No objective measurement data were available. Conclusion: Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy is effective and safe for pulsed dye laser-resistant facial port-wine stains in children.

Chemotherapy of drug-resistant ovarian cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
L R Laufman ◽  
J B Green ◽  
D S Alberts ◽  
R O'Toole ◽  
R D Hilgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Interim Analyses ◽  
Southwest Oncology Group Study ◽  
Pathology Review ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

We present a final analysis, including pathology review, of a cooperative group study of drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Of 200 patients registered, 112 were eligible and evaluable, with a response rate of 26% and median survival of 7 months. Because these results are poorer than those reported in the preliminary and interim analyses of this study, we scrutinized the 88 excluded patients, most of whom failed to meet our strict pathologic criteria for a diagnosis of ovarian cancer of epithelial type, and who, as a heterogeneous group, fared better than patients who did meet the eligibility criteria. We believe this analysis provides insight into the spectrum of diseases that are frequently called ovarian cancer, but might be more properly labeled abdominal carcinomatosis.

scholarly journals Psychiatrists' appreciation of statistical v. clinical significance: a quick test

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
Alan Smith ◽  
James Warner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Complete Response Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Advertising ◽  
Transferable Skills ◽  
Better Than

Aims and MethodPharmaceutical advertising material can confuse clinical and statistical significance. We used a brief questionnaire (five questions) to evaluate psychiatrists' appreciation of this difference. This approximated to the level of critical appraisal competence of the MRCPsych part 3 examination.ResultsOf the 113 questionnaires distributed 93 were returned complete (response rate 82%). Senior trainees were significantly better than junior trainees at correctly interpreting data (mean score (maximum 5) 2.61v.2.08; P = 0.04). Consultants did less well than senior trainees, although our sample of consultant respondents was too small for significance testing.Clinical ImplicationsLearning critical appraisal for the MRCPsych examination may provide psychiatrists with valuable transferable skills and prevent gaps in our knowledge being exploited by misleading study data. Psychiatrists of all grades need to maintain their research appraisal skills and should not regard the MRCPsych examination as the end of their learning.

scholarly journals Prevalence and service assessment of cataract in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province, China: population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danba Jiachu ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Better Than

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness (BL) due to cataract and cataract surgical outcomes in remote dispersed and high-altitude Tibetan areas of China.Design and settingA cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 50 and above in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Kandze (TAPK), China, in 2017. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness protocol was followed.ParticipantsOf 5000 eligible participants, 4764 were examined (response rate 95.3%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCataract VI was defined as lens opacity at visual acuity (VA) levels of <3/60 (Blindness (BL)), ≥3/60 and <6/60 (severe visual impairment (SVI)), ≥6/60 and <6/18 (moderate visual impairment (MVI)), ≥6/18 and <6/12 (early visual impairment (EVI)).ResultsThe estimated prevalence of cataract BL was 0.61% (95% CI 0.42 to 0.87). With best corrected VA, the estimated prevalence of SVI from cataract was 0.86% (95% CI 0.63 to 1.17); MVI was 2.39% (95% CI 2.00 to 2.87) and EVI was 5.21% (95% CI 4.61 to 5.87). Women in TAPK had a significantly higher prevalence of cataract BL (0.82%, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.15) than men (0.34%, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.70). Women had lower cataract surgical coverage (CSC) by eyes (60.8%, 95% CI 55.5 to 65.8) compared with men (70.1%; 95% CI 63.7 to 75.7). The prevalence of cataract BL was higher among Tibetan (2.28%; 95% CI 1.98 to 2.62) than Han Chinese (1.01%%; 95% CI 0.54% to 1.87%). Overall CSC by person with BL (by better eye) was 82.0% (95% CI 75.2 to 87.6). Among cataract-operated participants, 71.2% had VA equal to or better than 6/18.ConclusionsThe study detected a low prevalence of VI and BL due to cataract with high CSC in the study area compared with many other places in China. Further actions should be taken to improve cataract surgical outcome.

Vinblastine fails to improve response of renal cancer to interferon alfa-n1: high response rate in patients with pulmonary metastases.

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Neidhart ◽  
S A Anderson ◽  
J E Harris ◽  
J J Rinehart ◽  
J Laszlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Interferon Alfa ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Research Triangle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Better Than

One hundred sixty-five patients were randomized to receive either interferon alfa-n1 (Wellferon; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC) alone or with vinblastine. An initial six-cycle induction treatment consisted of interferon given at daily doses of 3, 5, 20, 20, and 20 x 10(6) U/m2 every 2 weeks. Vinblastine at a dose of 10 mg/m2 (later decreased to 5 mg/m2) was given on day 1 of alternate cycles. Toxicities were generally well tolerated. The overall response rate was 10% with no significant difference between treatment arms. Survival was also not significantly different for the arms. A small subset of patients (16) with metastases only to the lungs had a high complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rate of 44%. Responses were durable, and overall survival of this group was much better than that of the other patients.

scholarly journals Are self-description scales better than agree/disagree scales?

2020 ◽  
pp. 147078532097159
Author(s):  
Jerry Timbrook ◽  
Jolene D Smyth ◽  
Kristen Olson
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Response Option ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Better Than

Questions using agree/disagree (A/D) scales are ubiquitous in survey research because they save time and space on questionnaires through display in grids, but they have also been criticized for being prone to acquiescent reports. Alternatively, questions using self-description (SD) scales (asking respondents how well a statement describes them from Completely to Not at All) can also be presented in grids or with a common question stem, and by omitting the word agree, SD scales may reduce acquiescence. However, no research has examined how response patterns may differ across A/D and SD scales. In this article, we compare survey estimates, item nonresponse and nondifferentiation across these two types of scales in a mail survey. We find that SD scales outperform A/D scales for non-socially desirable questions that ask about positive topics. For questions that ask about negative topics, we find that estimates for SD items are significantly more negative than A/D items. This may occur because the SD scale is unipolar and has only one negative response option ( Not at All), whereas the bipolar A/D scale has two negative response options ( Disagree and Strongly Disagree). We recommend that researchers use SD scales for non-socially desirable positive valence questions.

Functional Structure in Sentences: A Performance Analysis

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kennedy ◽  
A. L. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Input Matrix ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Identical Performance

Two experiments are reported which attempt to define the groupings of component words within sentences which subjects have committed to memory. The structural groupings are indexed by judgement latencies for pairs of words and these serve as the input matrix for a hierarchical clustering (HC) analysis. It is concluded that when subjects make judgements concerning the forward order of pairs of words, the latencies imply the presence of a hierarchical organization. Although the tree structures obtained do not follow in any detail the surface structures of the sentence types in either experiment, nonetheless when constituent analysis indicates no difference it is accompanied by identical performance structures, and when a surface distinction is called for, an appropriate difference is found in the tree diagrams produced by cluster analysis. Deep structure differences involving the rearrangement of component words are not found in the hierarchical structure subjects imposed. The pausing patterns followed by subjects when reading the sentences are shown to relate to the structural diagrams generated by the HC analysis.

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