Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XI. Open-Field Behaviors in Young Rats Exposed to an ELF Rotating Magnetic Field

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp ◽  
Margitta D. Ossenkopp
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control

Male and female albino rats 27 days of age were exposed to a 0.5-Hz rotating magnetic field (RMF) (2-30 gauss) for 21 days. Both experimental and control rats were tested in an open-field apparatus prior to imposition of experimental conditions, at 7, 15, and 21 days after the start of the experiment, and a final test occurred 3 days after the magnets were removed from the RMF apparatus. Male rats increased their activity levels and decreased their latency to ambulate in the open field, relative to control rats. The female experimental rats did not differ from controls on these measures. Both male and female RMF-exposed rats defecated less than control rats. Effects on latency and activity were still evident 3 days after removal of the magnets. These results indicate that exposure to a 0.5-Hz RMF makes rats less emotionally reactive to novel situations. It is suggested that these effects may be mediated by an effect of the RMF on the pineal gland.

Adrenalectomy of the Pregnant Rat and Behavior of the Offspring

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Havlena ◽  
Jack Werboff
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Unoperated Control ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Foster Mothers ◽  
And Behavior

Albino rats were adrenalectomized on either Day 10½ or Day 16½ of gestation. The offspring were reared by foster mothers. At 25, 30, 35, 40, or 45 days of age they were evaluated on the open field and timidity box tests. There were no behavioral or adrenal size differences among the offspring of adrenalectomized and sham-operated or unoperated control mothers. Consistent and significant sex differences on all measures were found, with females showing higher activity, greater emotionality, and larger adrenal glands than the males.

Effects of Parathion and Ddt on Open-Field Behavior of Albino Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 997-998
Author(s):  
A. E. Bourgeois ◽  
A. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Field Behavior ◽  
And Control

75 male albino rats were assigned to five groups: Low DDT (83 mg/kg), High DDT (207 mg/kg), Low Parathion (.74 mg/kg), High Parathion (1.86 mg/kg), and Control (peanut oil vehicle). Ss were placed for a 5-min. trial in a Hall open-field on each of 10 post-injection days. Exposure to parathion and DDT had no significant effect on open-field behavior of albino rats.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT IN CONTROL AND DISCRIMINATION OF ENTANGLED PAIRS UNDER SELF-DISTORTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 09 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO DELGADO
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Original State ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
Non Local ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Quantum correlations and entanglement are fundamental resources for quantum information and quantum communication processes. Developments in these fields normally assume stable resources, not susceptible of distortion. That is not always the case, Heisenberg interactions between qubits can produce distortion on entangled pairs generated for engineering purposes (e. g. quantum computation or quantum cryptography). The presence of parasite magnetic fields modifies the expected properties and behavior for which the pair was intended. Quantum measurement and control help to discriminate the original state in order to correct it or reconstruct it using some procedures which do not alter their quantum nature. Different kinds of quantum entangled pairs driven by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with an additional inhomogeneous magnetic field become distorted. They can be reconstructed by adding an external magnetic field with fidelity close to one. In addition, each state can be efficiently discriminated. Combining both processes, first reconstruction without discrimination and after discrimination with adequate non-local measurements, it is possible to (a) improve the discrimination, and (b) reprepare faithfully the original state. The complete process gives fidelities better than 0.9. Some results about a class of equivalence for the required measurements are found, allowing to select the experimentally most adequate.

scholarly journals The Use of Environmental Enrichments Affects Performance and Behavior of Growing Rabbits Housed in Collective Pens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trocino ◽  
Zomeño ◽  
Filiou ◽  
Birolo ◽  
White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
And Behavior

This study assessed the effects of an elevated plastic-slatted platform and/or a plastic hiding tube in collective pens with large group sizes (27 or 36 rabbits/pen; 16 rabbits/m2) on the performance and welfare of rabbits kept from weaning (at 33 days of age) to slaughter (at 68 or 75 days of age). Growth performance, injuries, and behavior (video recorded for 24 h) of rabbits (n = 504) were recorded. The platform allowed rabbits to adopt the rearing position more frequently (+0.14 events during 2 min every 30 min across 24 h) and to rest with stretched body for longer (+3.8% of observed time) (p ≤ 0.001). Production parameters and reactivity at the open field test were not modified, but the occurrence of injured rabbits at the trial end was higher in pens with platforms (+8.9%; p ≤ 0.01). This result was possibly related to the higher group size in pens with platforms (36 rabbits) compared to those without platforms (27 rabbits). The inclusion of the tube decreased growth (−2.2 g/d; p ≤ 0.05), whereas it was scarcely used by rabbits and it did not substantially change their behavior or the occurrence of injuries. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions of this study, elevated platforms worked as a useful structural enrichment in view of animal behavior but negatively impacted on the rate of injuries, whereas the usefulness of the tube was not confirmed.

Maturation and Open-Field Behavior in Rats Exposed Prenatally to an ELF Low-Intensity Rotating Magnetic Field

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Field Situation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eye Opening

Rats that had been exposed continuously during their prenatal development to a 3 to 12 gauss, 0.5-Hz rotating magnetic field (RMF) were significantly retarded, in comparison to the control group, in time of eye opening ( p < .01) and time of teeth eruption ( p < .01) but did not differ significantly in maturation of startle response. RMF-exposed animals traversed significantly fewer squares than their controls in an open-field situation ( p < .01), but defecated ( p < .05) and urinated ( p < .01) significantly more often, as well as entering the center circle in the open field significantly less often ( p < .01). There was no significant difference in the number of rearing responses for the two groups. Reference is made to Ludwig's mathematical hypothesis concerning the absorption mechanism of ELF-waves in the nervous system.

scholarly journals Your Pain Is Not My Gain: How the in-utero Experience of Piglets Born From Sows With Lameness Shapes Their Life Trajectory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Parada Sarmiento ◽  
Thiago Bernardino ◽  
Patricia Tatemoto ◽  
Gina Polo ◽  
Adroaldo José Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Emotional System ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Experiences during gestation can alter the mother’s behavior and physiology, affecting the development of the offspring, including the organization of their brains and emotional system. In livestock, one common challenge for pregnant animals is lameness: a multifactorial condition that causes pain, stress, and compromises welfare. Since pain experienced during gestation can affect offspring development, we aimed to quantify the emotional outcomes of 156 piglets born from sows with lameness during pregnancy. Gait scores of 22 pregnant group-housed sows were assessed six times at two-week intervals. Lameness scores varied from 0 (no lameness) to 5 (most severe lameness score). Saliva samples and behavior were assessed in the sows throughout the pregnancy. Sows were moved to individual farrowing pens and placental tissue was collected for glucocorticoids assessment. At 28 days of age, piglets were weaned, weighed, and grouped by body size and sex. Skin lesions were counted in each piglet on days 28, 29, and 30 after birth. During open field and novel object tests the vocalization and activity levels were evaluated. Piglet data were grouped by the lameness score of the sows as G1 (lameness score 0-1), G2 (lameness score 2-3), and G3 (lameness score 4-5). Data analysis included ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests and pairwise comparisons were performed using Tukey and Kramer (Nemenyi) test with Tukey-Dist approximation for independent samples. G2 piglets were heavier than G3 at weaning. G1 piglets had fewer skin lesions at days 28 and 29 than G2 piglets. Moreover, G1 piglets vocalized more than G2 when they were subjected to the combined open field and novel object test. We did not identify differences in the concentration of placental or salivary glucocorticoids among the sampled sows showing different lameness scores. Lameness in pregnant sows has negative effects on the offspring, affecting weight gain, increasing aggressiveness, altering vocalization during an open field, and novel object tests in piglets.

scholarly journals Effect of Ashwagandharishta on the lipid profile of male and female rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tasmina Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Salahuddin Bhuiya ◽  
Rakib Hasan ◽  
MSK Choudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The effect of Ashwagandharishta on the lipid profile and chronic toxicity of both male and female Albino rats were observed for 51 days. Our results demonstrate that the treatment of the plant extract failed to exhibit any statistically significant change (increase/ decrease) in the serum cholesterol (Total), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride of the male rats. But the female rats showed highly (p<0.01) and very highly (p<0.001) significant decrease in the serum cholesterol (Total) levels of the medium and high dose treated groups respectively. Regarding HDL, ASG showed statistically significant decrease at low (p <0.05), medium (p<0.01) and high (p<0.001) dose treated female rats. The LDL level of the medium dose treated female rats were statistically significant (p <0.05). The serum Triglyceride decreased significantly at low (p<0.01) and high (p <0.05) dose treated female rats. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 59-68, 2020 (June & December)

scholarly journals Magnetic drive micro/nanomotor model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
S I Martynov ◽  
L Y Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Hydrodynamic Mechanism ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Minimum Interaction ◽  
And Control

Abstract A model of a micro-/nanomotor with a hydrodynamic mechanism of motion due to the action of a rotating uniform external magnetic field is proposed. Micro-/nanomotor - is a chain of three charged particles, one of which has a magnetic moment. The total charge of the system is zero. In the absence of an external field, the particles are in equilibrium due to the action of the forces of attraction and repulsion, which corresponds to the minimum interaction energy. After applying a rotating magnetic field, a particle with a magnetic moment begins to rotate, forming a flow in the surrounding viscous fluid. The flow induces a hydrodynamic force that moves the chain in a specific direction. The forces of hydrodynamic interaction of particles with each other are taken into account, as well as internal forces holding the particles together. The dynamics of six model aggregates with one rotating particle is simulated numerically. The proposed mechanism for moving the chain can be used in the design of micro-/nanomotors and control them to deliver the payload.

Open-Field Activity of Albino Rats as a Function of Sex, Age, and Repeated Testing

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kierniesky ◽  
Thomas Sick ◽  
Frank Kruppenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Open Field Activity ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Males And Females

Forced open-field exploration of Wistar rats was examined as influenced by age, sex, and repeated testing. The first phase of the study compared nine days of repeated testing among 28- and 98-day-old males and females. The older groups decreased in activity during the initial testing days. The younger groups increased above the older rats' activity levels during the last days of testing. Females generally had higher activity than males. The younger rats were tested at 48, 68, 88, and 108 days of age in the second phase of the study. Females had higher activity than did males and no interactions of sex with age or repeated testing days were significant. When subjects were 48 and 68 days old activity increased more rapidly over the six testing days compared to the 88- and 108-day-old periods. Results are discussed in relation to previous research using forced- and free-exploration procedures.

Estrogen and prothrombin synthesis: effect of estrogen on absorption of vitamin K1

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. H12-H17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Jolly ◽  
C. Craig ◽  
T. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Intact male and female albino rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet develop a plasma prothrombin-proconvertin deficiency. Male rats respond with a precipitous drop to approximately 20–30% of normal plasma levels within 2–5 days, whereas female rats respond at a slower rate. Ethynylestradiol, 5–10 mug/day, or castration, reduces the progressive decline of plasma prothrombin-proconvertin seen in nonsupplemented intact male rats. The response of castrate females differs little from the response of intact females. Ethynylestradiol, 5–10 mug/day, affects both castrate males and females similarly, limiting the prothrombin-proconvertin decrease to about 13% below control value after 14 days. Intestinal absorption of vitamin K1 measured in the thoracic duct lymph of pentobarbital-anesthetized castrate male and female rats was shown to increase significantly after estrogen treatment. Estrogen-treated castrate male and female rats absorbed 25.8 mug and 11.8 mug vitamin K1, respectively. Nontreated control castrate male and female rats absorbed 0.0 mug and 1.2 mug, respectively, during a 240-min collection period. Use of radioactive vitamin K1 in similar experiments confirmed these results. Estrogen-treated castrate males absorbed vitamin K1 at the rate of 30-40 mug/g lymph whereas nontreated control males absorbed only about 6 mug/g lymph.

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