Sexual and Premarital Attitudes of Iranian College Students

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shapurian ◽  
Mohammadreza Hojat
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
The Family

To study the similarities as well as differences in the sexual and premarital attitudes of the younger Iranian men and women and Western students, a Persian revision of the attitude inventory used by Schofield was given to a sample of Iranian college students (199 men and 193 women) prior to the onset of Islamic revolution in this country. Present findings confirm, as expected, similarities on some dimensions as well as differences on others between Iranian men and women and between Iranian and British samples in Schofield's study. Iranian men and women differed significantly on their attitudes towards premarital sex for men as indicated by a higher percentage of women who agreed on premarital sex for male peers but not for Iranian women. The Iranian sample compared with their British peers represented more conservative sexual and more traditional premarital attitudes as indicated by a higher proportion of agree-responses to statements such as a bad reputation would result from premarital sex for women or sexual freedom leads to trouble. A double standard of sexual morality was found among Iranian subjects, virginity was given a high value, and loyalty to the family was considered important.

scholarly journals Modele wychowania seksualnego w rodzinach pochodzenia współczesnych kobiet na tle przemian obyczajowych w sferze seksualności

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Karolina CHURSKA NOWAK ◽  
Anna GULCZYŃSKA ◽  
Barbara JANKOWIAK
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Families Of Origin ◽  
The Family

The paper attempts to present the transformations in sexual morality and their significance for the sexual upbringing of men and women. The results of the research presented herein allow us to analyze the models of sexual upbringing implemented in the families of origin of modern young women. It also verifies whether there are differences between men and women in the realm of sexual upbringing in their families of origin and if there are differences in their sexual functioning within a partnership depending on the model of sexual upbringing in the family of origin.

Family Values, Religiosity, and Gender

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Jensen ◽  
Janet Jensen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Role ◽  
Religious Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Traditional Female Role

This study investigated differences between men and women on perceptions of materialism, the importance of the family, and the traditional female role. It was hypothesized that highly religious women and men would respond in a similar manner with a lower value placed on materialism and higher values on importance to the family and traditional female roles. A questionnaire was administered to over 4,000 Protestant, Catholic, and LDS college students. Highly religious groups from each denomination endorsed less materialistic views and supported a more traditional female role; gender differences were greater in the group low on religiosity on the value of the family.

Beyond the ‘online’: Iranian women’s non-movement of resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helia Asgari ◽  
Katharine Sarikakis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Active Networks ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Men And Women

In many undemocratic countries where conservative law and patriarchal ideas are in place, women are considered second-class citizens particularly in domains of public life. After Iran’s Islamic revolution, Iranian women were confronted with a theocratic regime, which imposed laws and norms, which limited women’s activities and violated earned liberties. The activities of women under non-democratic states and patriarchal systems are thwarted by the repressive measures of authoritarian states as well as patriarchal society and hostile attitudes of ordinary men and women. New normative frameworks and practices imposed gender segregation in various aspects. During these years, women attempt to resist these policies, not by deliberate, organized campaigns but through daily practices in public life. Asef Bayat calls these kinds of resistance and activities ‘social non-movement’. This article focuses on a rather under-researched form of social activism and attempts to describe the way in which social media might be supportive tools for women aiming to build active networks and communicative spaces to deliberate on challenges to their lives. At the same time, these spaces function as the civic training ground where representations of political demands for social change are put forth. This article discusses ways in which social media have been used as platforms where women’s demands, among others, hold identity dimensions as well as violation of their basic and human rights.

scholarly journals Study of Sexual Satisfaction in Different Typologies of Adherence to the Sexual Double Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Álvarez-Muelas ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Berrocal ◽  
Juan Carlos Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Sexual Double Standard ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Variables

The sexual double standard (SDS) refers to the acceptance of different criteria to assess the same sexual behavior in men and women. To date, the few studies that have addressed the relationship between SDS and sexual satisfaction have obtained inconclusive results. In addition, no study has analyzed sexual satisfaction in people who maintain different forms of adherence to the SDS. This study establishes three SDS typologies of adherence (man-favorable, woman-favorable, egalitarian) in two areas of sexual behavior (sexual freedom and sexual shyness) to examine the predictive capacity of personal variables (age, social dominance orientation, propensity for sexual excitation/inhibition), interpersonal variables (relationship satisfaction) and social variables (gender norms about sexual behaviors) in sexual satisfaction. A sample of 1194 heterosexual adults (51.1% men, 48.8% women) aged between 18 and 87 years (M = 40.63; SD = 15.67), who had been in a relationship for more than 6 months, was evaluated. In men, the highest sexual satisfaction levels were obtained in the egalitarian typology in the sexual freedom area. In women, no significant differences were found between the typologies of adherence to the SDS. Regression models showed that relationship satisfaction was the main predictor of sexual satisfaction in all the typologies in both men and women. In addition, the predictive relationship of personal variables with sexual satisfaction varied according to gender and the SDS adherence type. The results show the importance of studying sexual satisfaction by taking into account not only the differences between men and women. Furthermore, it is essential to consider other differences between people; for example, the difference that derives from the way of psychologically internalizing attitude toward the SDS.

Sex-based Expectations: What College Students Think of Men and Women

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Caskey ◽  
Kelly B. Farr ◽  
Kathryn A. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Men And Women

The Right to Avoid Procreation and the Regulation of Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Rothmar Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses the right to avoid procreation and the regulation of pregnancy from a European perspective. The legal basis for a right to avoid procreation can be said to fall within the scope of several provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), an instrument that is binding for all European countries. Here, Article 12 of the ECHR gives men and women of marriageable age the right to marry and found a family in accordance with the national laws governing this right. However, Article 12 protects some elements of the right not to procreate, but for couples only. The lack of common European consensus in this area highlights how matters relating to the right to decide on the number and spacing of children touch on aspects that differ from country to country even in what could appear to be a homogenous region. In fact, the cultural, moral, and historical milieus that surround these rights differ considerably with diverse national perceptions of the role of the family, gender equality, religious and moral obligations, and so on.

Cultural Suppression of Female Sexuality

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Baumeister ◽  
Jean M. Twenge
Keyword(s):  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Sexual Deception ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Suppression ◽  
Female Genital

Four theories about cultural suppression of female sexuality are evaluated. Data are reviewed on cross-cultural differences in power and sex ratios, reactions to the sexual revolution, direct restraining influences on adolescent and adult female sexuality, double standard patterns of sexual morality, female genital surgery, legal and religious restrictions on sex, prostitution and pornography, and sexual deception. The view that men suppress female sexuality received hardly any support and is flatly contradicted by some findings. Instead, the evidence favors the view that women have worked to stifle each other's sexuality because sex is a limited resource that women use to negotiate with men, and scarcity gives women an advantage.

scholarly journals The Double Standard of Aging for Men and Women: Evidence From Across Europe, 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Richard Settersten ◽  
Jack Day ◽  
Gunhild Hagestad
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Is there a “double standard” (i.e., a harsher judgment) in the perceived ages at which women and men reach old age, and have these judgments changed over time? We use European Social Survey data from 23 countries in 2006 and newly released data from 16 of those countries in 2018. In both 2006 and 2018, men typically assign women substantially earlier ages than women themselves do. In some places, however, men also give themselves lower ages than women give them. With respect to when women become old, the differential views of men and women are persistent. So is the fact that women differentiate less between the sexes¬–though men differentiate less in 2018 relative to 2006. We use multilevel modeling to examine variation explained by both individual characteristics and country indicators of demographic and policy contexts. Findings underscore the significance of the double standard in cultural constructions of aging.

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