Gender Influence on Perceptions of Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Baird ◽  
Nora L. Bensko ◽  
Paul A. Bell ◽  
Wayne Viney ◽  
William Douglas Woody
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Reasonable Person ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Reasonable Woman Standard

Perceptions of sexual harassment were investigated as a function of perpetrators' and recipients' gender. Undergraduate students (100 women, 98 men) were presented 34 scenarios of men and women interacting at work. Participants were asked to read carefully each scenario and indicate on a scale anchored by 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree) their opinions as to whether the scenario represented an incident of sexual harassment. Analysis indicated that women rated “hostile environment” scenarios as more harassing than men, and male perpetrators were rated as more harassing than female perpetrators. Even though some scenarios were rated as more harassing than others, the full range of the 7-point scale was used on every scenario, indicating a lack of agreement on what constitutes harassment. This lack of agreement highlights the debate within the legal community about whether the “reasonable person” or the “reasonable woman” standard should be used to judge sexual harassment in the workplace.

Sexual Harassment: The “Reasonable Person” vs “Reasonable Woman” Standards have not been Resolved

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Douglas Woody ◽  
Wayne Viney ◽  
Paul A. Bell ◽  
Nora L. Bensko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Reasonable Person ◽  
Reasonable Person Standard ◽  
Reasonable Woman Standard

Previous research suggests that women are more likely than men to perceive a hostile environment of sexual harassment in job-related scenarios. Such findings raise questions about whether a “reasonable woman” standard might be preferable to a “reasonable person” standard for adjudication of some sexual harassment cases. There are sound arguments for both positions, and there is no basis at the present time for unequivocal and categorical support for one position over the other.

Male/Female Differences in Perceptions and Effects of Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment: “Reasonable” Assumptions?

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Thacker ◽  
Stephen F. Gohmann
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Legal Standard ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Federal Workplace ◽  
Reasonable Woman Standard

Two recent court decisions have dealt with the appropriate legal standard for determining reasonableness in hostile environment sexual harassment cases. This paper discusses the “reasonable woman” standard adopted by these courts and explores the notion that gender-based differences in definition of sexually harassing behaviors do, in fact, exist. And secondly, the paper investigates the issue of gender-based differences in the emotional and psychological effects of hostile environment harassment. Data from a major survey of sexual harassment in the federal workplace are analyzed.

8 Years of institutional assessment feedback: students’ satisfaction with library services

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-561
Author(s):  
Monica D.T. Rysavy ◽  
Russell Michalak ◽  
Alison Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assessment Feedback ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Strongly Agree

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine eight years of quantitative and qualitative student feedback on library services collected through an institution-wide student satisfaction survey. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilizes data collected during an eight-year period from the college’s student satisfaction survey. This survey contained 40 questions which addressed topics concerning the college’s 13 major departments. Six of the questions were devoted to library services. Findings Over the eight years surveyed, across all divisions surveyed (undergraduate students, graduate students and graduate Saturday students), students on average tended to select “agree” or “strongly agree” with the following six questions asked: The materials in the library meet my course requirements. The library has enough laptop computers for student use. The instructional materials for using the online databases are helpful. The library hours match my schedule and needs. The library equipment is in good working order. The library is generally quiet and suitable for study. Originality/value This institutionally crafted, mixed methods survey was deployed over an eight-year period at a relatively minimal cost (in-house staff hours were used to analyze the data gathered and paper Scantron sheets were used to deploy). Furthermore, rich data were gathered from a relatively simple instrument and this information was used to make institution-wide decisions.

scholarly journals Associations Between Subjective Age, Contact With Older Adults, and Age Stereotypes Among Younger Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Maria Kurth ◽  
Robert Intrieri
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Abstract Subjective aging (SA) has generally focused on middle-age and older adults in relation to physical and psychological health for the last 70 years (see Barak & Stern, 1986). Kornadt et al. (2019) recently called for more research examining: co-development of age stereotypes and SA, and this association across the lifespan. Literature examining SA and age stereotypes among younger adults is limited and suggests that age stereotypes are not directly associated with SA (Packer & Chasteen, 2006). Increased contact with older adults, however, is associated with less ageist attitudes (Bousfield & Hutchinson, 2010). This study examined SA and the associations between contact frequency and ageism. The sample consisted of 467 undergraduate students (Mage = 21.48, SDage = 2.63). Subjective age was assessed by asking How old do you feel compared with others your age?, and was scored on a 5-point scale from younger all the time (5) to older all the time (1). Ageism was assessed with the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD), which contains four factors. Results showed significant effects across felt age for contact frequency (F(4, 406) = 3.841, p = .004). Results for the ASD factors were mixed with Autonomy and Integrity showing significant effects for SA (F(4, 405) = 2.763, p = .027; F(4, 405) = 2.773, p = .027 respectively). Instrumentality and Acceptance were nonsignificant. Results suggested feeling older all the time is related to more contact, but more negative attitudes- this increased contact might providing priming for more ageist attitudes (Eibach et al., 2010).

scholarly journals Facilitating Students’ Speaking Task Using YouTube During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Musliadi Musliadi ◽  
Reski Yusrini Islamiah Yunus ◽  
Muhammad Affan Ramadhana
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Learning Resource ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
The Media ◽  
Strongly Agree

This study investigates students' perception of the use of YouTube to facilitate undergraduate students' speaking activities. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research. The sampling system is done randomly and takes 40 students as a sample. The questionnaire has two parts, followed by ten questions with five answer choices using a Likert scale covering strongly disagree to strongly agree. The result of the study shows that 80% of students access YouTube because YouTube is very interesting, 75% of students say YouTube is an easy media to access, 80% of students say YouTube can be used as a learning resource (80%), and 85% of students use YouTube as a medium for doing speaking tasks. The student response to the use of YouTube as the media of facilitating students' speaking tasks is very positive, where 72% of students stated they strongly agreed if the practice of speaking through YouTube was applied, and 20% of students agreed. In general, student responses in using YouTube to facilitate students speaking activities in distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic are very positive.

scholarly journals Enterpreneurial Talent and Intention Among Undergraduate Students: Case Study at English Language Education Department

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Amri Tanduklangi ◽  
Muhammad Khusnun Muhsin ◽  
Carlina Amri
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Literacy Program ◽  
Economic Literacy ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Strongly Agree

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in generating new wealth in an economy. The growth of entrepreneurial activities will produce innovation, create new jobs for the society, trigger economic growth, and reduce unemployment rates. Eentrepreneurship is a topic requiring a lot of attentions from academicians and researchers, especially the unemployment problem arising among undergraduate students. Therefore, the aim of this article was to have a good understanding on entrepreneurial talent and intention of undergraduate university students. The antecedent factor would be measuring students’ risk taking, persuading, ambition, performer, leadership, and business management skill behavior.  The subjects of the study were  undergraduate students who are majoring in English at the language education department and have attended  five days workshop on  economic literacy program conducted by Global Economic Awareness Project (GEAP) in 2019 academic year.  This research study used quantative method and a research designed survey was administered to gather questions with answers associated with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The questionnaires of the research used Fishbein and  Ajzen’s Planned Behavior (TPB) theory, Shaver and  Scott’s personal traits, and Bandura’s Self efficacy theory.  The findings of the research reveal that  ‘risk taking’ and ‘ambition’ factor had  favorable results after students have attended short entrepreneurial course. Whereas, students’ still says “neutral” on ‘persuader’, ‘ambitious’, ‘performer’, ‘leadership’, and ‘business management factor’. It is safe to assume that students’ still had fair intention in developing their entrepreneurial interest because they have little to no experience on entreprenurial field in hand. Explicit real-life entrepreneurship related activities were recommended for future workshop to upgrade the student’s entrepreneurship talent and intention. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Talent and Intention, Global Economic Awareness, Economic Literacy Program

CONTINUING VIOLATIONS AND HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT: WHEN IS ENOUGH, ENOUGH?

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMONA L. PAETZOLD ◽  
ANNE M. O'LEARY-KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Hostile Environment

Sexual harassment at a Spanish public university: an examination of victims’ experiences by gender and campus status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Victoria A Ferrer-Pérez ◽  
Esperanza Bosch-Fiol
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Public University ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Item Questionnaire

The current study analyses the prevalence of sexual harassment among staff and undergraduate students at a Spanish public university. The EASIS-U, a 38-item questionnaire, was administered to a sample of 1,521 university students, and 172 staff members. Results show that 26.4% of teaching and research staff (TRS), 28.3% of administrative staff (AS), and 15.9% of the students had experienced at least one episode of sexual blackmail behaviour; 30.9% of TRS, 27.0% of AS and 16.0% of the students had experienced at least one episode of physical sexual harassment; and 23.7% of TRS, 34.4% of AS and 17.1% of the students had experienced at least one episode of verbal sexual harassment. A comparison of staff and students revealed significant differences in prevalence rates, with staff reporting higher rates of unwanted contact than students. Contrary to expectations, male students reported more sexual harassment than did female students. We analyse the possible reasons for these results.

Thermal Sensations of Sedentary Man in Moderate Temperatures

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Rohles
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
College Age ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

To determine the full range of thermal conditions at which sedentary subjects report feeling comfortable, 1600 college age students were exposed in groups of 10 subjects each, five men and five women, to 20 dry-bulb temperatures ranging from 60 to 98°F. in increments of 2° F. at each of eight relative humidities: 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85%; subjects were required to report their thermal sensations on a 7-point scale every half-hour. The results showed that for sedentary subjects exposed for three hours in standard clothing with an insulative value of 0.6 clo., the “comfortable” votes were distributed over the temperature range of 62 to 98°F. In addition, it was found that at a given temperature men feel warmer than women during the first hour and that humidity plays a significantly more important role in how men feel than in how women feel. Regression equations are presented for predicting thermal sensations for various dry-bulb temperatures and relative humidities.

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