Externalising Success: A Performance-Limiting Attribution

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-570
Author(s):  
Mary Morris ◽  
Marika Tiggemann

14 undergraduate students who attributed success in a mid-year examination to external factors performed more poorly on the end-of-year examination and received a lower final grade than 169 students who internalised their successful examination performance. This is congruent with Thompson's 1997 suggestion that externalising success is a common factor in performance-limiting behaviour.

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Zainab M. AlQenaei ◽  
David E. Monarchi

Academic institutions adopt different advising tools for various objectives. Past research used both numeric and text data to predict students’ performance. Moreover, numerous research projects have been conducted to find different learning strategies and profiles of students. Those strategies of learning together with academic profiles assisted in the advising process. This research proposes an approach to supplement these activities by text mining students’ essays to better understand different students’ profiles across different courses (subjects). Text analysis was performed on 99 essays written by undergraduate students in three different courses. The essays and terms were projected in a 20-dimensional vector space. The 20 dimensions were used as independent variables in a regression analysis to predict a student’s final grade in a course. Further analyses were performed on the dimensions found statistically significant. This study is a preliminary analysis to demonstrate a novel approach of extracting meaningful information by text mining essays written by students to develop an advising tool that can be used by educators.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Ana Paula da Silva Freitas ◽  
Francisco Ângelo Coutinho

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar como se deu a performance de um espaço de reflexão sobre sistemas de conhecimento ocorrida no âmbito de um debate realizado por uma turma de licenciandos em Educação do Campo, na área de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza. O referencial teórico adotado é o da Teoria Ator-Rede, segundo a qual o espaço deve ser analisado a partir de relações sociomateriais e de emergências em redes. O debate ocorreu em uma aula da disciplina Modelos de Astronomia, ministrada em janeiro de 2016 e teve como temática principal a abordagem de saberes tradicionais na área da astronomia nas escolas de Educação Básica. No momento de elaboração dos argumentos, emergiram nos dois grupos de licenciandos tanto concepções de senso comum da ciência (como a ideia de que conhecimento científico é conhecimento provado, a ciência é objetiva, as teorias científicas são derivadas de maneira rigorosa por meio de observações e experimentos, etc.), como também saberes tradicionais difundidos em suas comunidades (como a influência da lua na determinação do sexo de bebês). O momento de preparação dos licenciandos, o debate propriamente dito e as considerações feitas pelo professor da universidade após essa prática educativa mobilizaram diversos actantes humanos e não humanos que, por meio de suas relações, contribuíram para a performance de um espaço de reflexão principalmente sobre a importância do diálogo entre saberes que deve emergir em uma sala de aula, sobretudo em escolas do campo.Palavras-chave: Debate; Ensino de ciências; Conhecimentos tradicionais; Teoria Ator-Rede. ABSTRACT: This paper aims at presenting the conception of a reflexive space on knowledge systems which took place in the context of a debate conducted by a group of undergraduate students in Rural Education in the area of Nature and Life Sciences. The Actor-Network Theory (ANT) adopted as the theoretical reference states that space must be analyzed based on sociomaterial relations and on network emergencies. The debate took place in an Astronomy Models class in January of 2016 and had as main theme the approach of traditional knowledge in the area of astronomy in primary schools. At the time of elaborating the arguments, came up in both groups conceptions of scientific common sense (such as the idea that scientific knowledge is proven knowledge, science is objective, scientific theories are derived in a rigorous way from observations and experiments, etc.), as well as of diffuse traditional knowledge in their communities (such as the influence of the moon on determining the sex of babies). The students’ preparation, the debate itself and the considerations made by the professor after this educational practice engaged several human and nonhuman actants who, through their relations, contributed to the elaboration of a space of reflection, mainly, on the importance of the dialogue between knowledge that must emerge in a classroom, especially in rural schools.Keywords: Debate; Science Teaching; Traditional Subjects; Actor-Network Theory.


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Cortright ◽  
Heidi L. Lujan ◽  
Julie H. Cox ◽  
Stephen E. DiCarlo

The “conventional wisdom” is that grades are related to class attendance, i.e., students who attend classes more frequently obtain better grades and class attendance dramatically contributes to enhanced learning. However, the influence of sex (female vs. male) on this relationship is understudied. Furthermore, there have been several studies examining the impact of attendance on course grades that challenge the conventional wisdom. To address these issues, we determined the effect of class attendance on examination scores for female and male students enrolled in our undergraduate exercise physiology class of 51 students (20 female students and 31 male students). The experiment was designed not to interfere with the normal conduct of the course. Attendance was recorded in each class, and, although regular attendance was encouraged, it was not required and did not factor into the final grades. The final grade reflected the average days of attendance for female students only. Specifically, female students earning a grade above the class average attended 89 ± 4% of the classes; however, female students earning a grade below the class average attended only 64 ± 6% of the classes. In sharp contrast, there was no difference in the number of classes attended for male students earning grades above or below the class average (84 ± 3% vs. 79 ± 5%). Accordingly, some male students were absent frequently but scored above the class average, whereas other male students attended many classes but scored below the class average. Thus, the influence of regular attendance on examination performance is more important for female students than male students.


2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adamson ◽  
H. Clifford

The examination performance of Mechanical Engineering undergraduate students from two comparable UK universities over a three-year study period is analysed. For each student group the examination results from each year of study are compared with each other, with the third-year project mark, with A-level results and with the results of a prior knowledge assessment test using a ranking correlation technique. The significance of the derived correlation coefficients is assessed and discussed. Subsequently, third-year marks are further appraised in relation to the combined A-level ‘score’ and A-level Mathematics ‘grade’, and the distribution of the differences between third- and first-year marks is examined.


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Freeman ◽  
Roddy Theobald ◽  
Alison J Crowe ◽  
Mary Pat Wenderoth

Although a growing literature has documented the effectiveness of informal group work during class sessions, virtually no data exist on which students are collaborating. As a result, instructors rarely know whether students are self-sorting in ways that maximize learning. This article explores which undergraduate students worked together on each of five exercises scheduled throughout the term, in a large-enrollment course for majors that emphasized intensive peer interaction. Pairwise logistic regression models were used to assess the likelihood that students collaborated based on shared demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and academic performance. In almost all cases, students self-sorted by ethnicity and gender. In addition, students who were predicted to do well in the course, based on their academic history, worked together initially; students who actually did well in the course, based on their final grade, were working together at the end; and students who were predicted to struggle in the course began collaborating late in the term.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tanir

The current study aims to investigate learning difficulties in L3 German experienced by the Turkish undergraduate students. The target group involved 29 students from three academic programs at a state university in Turkey: Travel Management and Tourist Guiding, Tourism and Hotel Management and Aviation Management. In the study, semi-structured interview form was designed by the researcher as data collection tool. In the analysis process of the data, the thematic analysis procedure was conducted. The results of the study indicated that the Turkish undergraduate students had learning difficulties in L3 German due to three main factors such as linguistic facts, effective factors and external factors. The linguistic facts involve the learning difficulties related to the linguistic characteristics of German language, linguistic habitus (effect of L2 English) and the effect of L1. In the context of effective factors, it was discussed that the lack of motivation, negative attitudes towards German language, the level of readiness for learning L3 German and the lack of self-confidence lead the students to experience negative learning process in L3 German. Finally, socio-cultural developments and the financial matters emerging in the learning environment were considered as external factors that lead the students to have difficulties in learning L3 German.


Author(s):  
Ratna Agrawal ◽  
Mahendra Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Sanat Kumar Sharma ◽  
Raj Sharma

Background: Promotion of drugs has been increased enormously with the advancement of technology and use of internet and media etc. Pharmaceutical manufacturers spend vast amount of money on promotion usually through medical representatives by providing printed advertisements. But, it has been seen that these printed advertisements are not up to the mark usually, they either overemphasize the efficacy or hide the safety profile for the sake of company’s profit. All these promotional activities influence the prescribing pattern of doctors. So, the present study has been conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of second year undergraduate students about promotional literature and to train them accordingly for improving the prescribing behaviour.Methods: A questionnaire based study containing 9 questions was conducted in 110 second year undergraduate students after taking informed consent. Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive statistics by graph pad prism version 6.01.Results: Among respondents 60 (61.2%) were males and rest 38 (38.8%) were females. 50 (51%) of the respondents have chosen Indian pharmacopoeia as a trusted source of information followed by others. Most common factor affecting the prescribing attitude was reported as updates from clinical trials 49 (50%) followed by prescriber’s knowledge. Most important intervention taken to stop misleading drug promotional activities has been reported as formulation of strict regulation by the health care authorities against any misleading promotion.Conclusions: Promotional activities by manufacturers influence the attitude and prescribing pattern of doctors. So, it is important to teach the students about their rational use by critically analysing it.


Author(s):  
Barry Ip ◽  
Gabriel Jacobs ◽  
Alan Watkins

<span>There are numerous claims that playing computer and video games may be educationally beneficial, but there has been little formal investigation into whether or not the frequency of exposure to such games actually affects academic performance. This paper explores the issue by analysing the relationships between gaming frequency - measured as the amount of time undergraduate students spend playing games in their free time - and their academic performance as measured by their examination marks. Using a sample of 713 students, correlation analyses between gaming frequency and examination performance were conducted for students of varying gaming frequency, study discipline, gender, and general attitudes towards gaming and study. The results reveal that examination marks are in fact negatively correlated with gaming frequency - i.e. frequent gamers generally achieve lower marks than less frequent gamers.</span>


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Alva Supit ◽  
Merry Gosal ◽  
Prycilia Mamuaja ◽  
Sicilia Kumaat ◽  
Achmad Paturusi

Background and Objective The correlation between late chronotype and depression has been well documented, but reports from the equatorial area, where the sun shines throughout the year with less seasonal variation, are limited. In the present research study, we sought to 1) examine the relationship between the chronotype and mental health symptoms in an Indonesian student population and 2) explore the characteristics of those who lie at the extreme chronotype and psychometry.Methods This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including undergraduate students in an Indonesian university (n = 493). We used the Munich Chronotype Questionnaires and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess the chronotype and mental symptoms, respectively. Following this, a follow-up with an in-depth interview on the selected population at the extreme end of the chronotype was performed as an exploratory approach to identify their common characteristics.Results Among the tested parameters, the depression score was significantly associated with chronotype (p = 0.003), replicating previous findings from other areas with higher latitudes. The correlation persisted when males and females were analyzed separately (p = 0.008 and 0.037, respectively). A follow-up qualitative analysis revealed a potential subclinical, unrealized depression among the subjects; our findings revealed the use of smartphones during or before bedtime as a common factor among those with later chronotypes.Conclusions There is a correlation between depression score and chronotype among Indonesian college students, where subjects with later chronotype are more likely to have a higher depression score.


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