Correlations of Depression and Total Mood Disturbance with Physical Activity and Self-Concept in Preadolescents Enrolled in an After-School Exercise Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
After School ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance

This preliminary investigation estimated relationships of depression and negative mood with physical activity and self-concept in 9- to 12-yr.-old boys and girls ( n = 49) enrolled in an after-school exercise program for 12 wk. Multiple regression analyses indicated that a significant portion of the variance in scores on the Profile of Mood States subscales, Depression ( R2 = .55, F = 28.00, p <.01), and Total Mood Disturbance ( R2 = .40, F = 15.02, p < .01) were accounted for by simultaneously entering self-reported days of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week and Self-description Questionnaire-I–General Self scores into the equation. A significant reduction on Depression within the treatment group and significantly greater reductions on Depression and Total Mood Disturbance for the treatment group compared to a no-exercise program control ( n = 41) was also found. Effect sizes ( ds = .35 to .53) were somewhat lower than reported for most adult samples. Findings supported social cognitive and self-efficacy theory and an association between physical activity and improved mental health in preadolescents.

Improvements in Self-Concept Associated with Reductions in Negative Mood in Preadolescents Enrolled in an After-School Physical Activity Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Mood ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
After School ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
School Care

Preadolescents enrolled in either a 3 times per week, 12-week exercise program ( n = 50) or a no-exercise program control condition ( n = 42) during their after-school care, were assessed for indication of whether exercise-induced changes in self-concept and overall negative mood were negatively correlated. Significant improvements in ratings of self-concept and of negative mood were found over 12 wk. Inverse relationships were found between changes in physical self-concept with overall self-concept and negative mood ( r = –.40 and –.36, respectively). Results supported the positive effect of exercise on the assessed psychological factors in preadolescents. Cognitive behavioral theory-based explanations of the findings were discussed.

scholarly journals Association of Psychobehavioral Variables With HOMA-IR and BMI Differs for Men and Women With Prediabetes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja C. Adam ◽  
Mathijs Drummen ◽  
Ian Macdonald ◽  
Elli Jalo ◽  
Pia Siig-Vestentoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance

<b>Objective:</b> Stress, sleep, eating behavior and physical activity are associated with weight change and insulin resistance. The aim of the analysis was the assessment of the overall and sex specific association of psychobehavioral variables throughout the 3-y PREVIEW intervention using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI, and length of time in the study.<b></b> <p><b>Methods</b>: Associations of psychobehavioral variables, including stress, mood, eating behavior physical activity (PA), and sleep with BMI, HOMA-IR and time spent in study were assessed in 2184 participants with pre-diabetes and overweight/ obesity (n=706 men; n=1478 women) during a 3-year lifestyle intervention utilizing linear mixed modelling and general linear modelling.The study was a randomized multicenter trial using a 2x2 diet-by- PA design.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Overall,<b> </b>cognitive restraint and PA increased during the intervention compared to baseline, while BMI, HOMA-IR, disinhibition, hunger and sleepiness decreased (all p<0.05). Cognitive restraint and PA were negatively, while disinhibition, hunger, stress, total mood-disturbance were positively associated with both BMI and HOMA-IR. Sleep-duration, low sleep quality, total mood-disturbance, disinhibition and hunger scores were positively associated with HOMA-IR for men only. Drop-outs at 6 months had higher stress and total mood-disturbance scores at baseline and throughout their time spent in the study compared to study completers.</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Eating behavior and PA, control of<b> </b>stress, mood-disturbance and sleep characteristics were associated with BMI, HOMA-IR and time spent in study with different effects in men and women during the PREVIEW-lifestyle intervention-study.<b> </b></p>

Using Self-Efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to Develop a Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Byfield Dallow ◽  
Jennifer Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Behavior Change Theory

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior change theory to a physical activity intervention for obese, sedentary women. Design. A 48-week randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to one of two intervention groups. Setting. A university classroom and a local health club. Subjects. Fifty-eight sedentary, obese women. Interventions. A 24-week theory-based physical activity program that aims to change the way subjects think and behave in relation to physical activity (treatment group, n = 29) and a traditionally structured exercise program (control group, n = 29). Measures. Questionnaires on physical activity, stage of change, processes of change, and self-efficacy were completed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. Results. Twenty-seven of the 29 participants in the treatment group and 17 participants in the control group completed the study. Analysis of variance revealed significant and positive changes in measures of eight processes of change, self-efficacy, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in the treatment group at 24 weeks. All but one of these changes were maintained at 48 weeks. In the control group, significant changes occurred in only two processes of change, and no change occurred in self-efficacy, physical activity, or cardiorespiratory fitness at 24 or 48 weeks. Conclusion. A theory-based intervention is more likely to change the way obese women think and behave in relation to physical activity than a traditional exercise program that does not incorporate behavior change theory.

Profile of oxidant and antioxidant activity in prepubertal children related to age, gender, exercise, and fitness

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero ◽  
Mercedes Gil-Campos ◽  
Juan de Dios Benitez-Sillero ◽  
Maria Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva ◽  
Inmaculada Tasset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
After School ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers

Tissue damage resulting from oxidative stress induced by a pathological condition might have more serious consequences in children than in adults. Researchers have not yet identified particular markers — alone or in combination with others — of oxidative stress, or their role in pediatric diseases. The aim of this study was to identify gender-based biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. Oxidative biomarkers were studied in 138 healthy Spanish children (85 boys, 53 girls) 7 to 12 years of age, at the prepubertal (Tanner I) stage, independent of body mass index (BMI), age, fitness (measured by 20-m shuttle run test), and physical activity (measured by participation in an after-school exercise program). The oxidative biomarkers measured were lipid peroxidation products, total nitrites, protein carbonyls, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The antioxidant biomarkers measured were total glutathione (TG), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity. In the study population, height, weight, waist circumference, and BMI were lower in girls than in boys. For oxidative biomarkers, boys had higher levels of protein carbonyl than girls (p < 0.001). In spite of this, girls had higher levels of GSSG (p < 0.001) and TG (p = 0.001), and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.001) than boys. For the antioxidant response, girls had higher levels of SOD (p = 0.002) than boys. All analyses were adjusted for BMI, age, fitness, and physical activity. In conclusion, prepubertal girls had higher oxidative stress than boys, in addition to higher levels of SOD, independent of age, BMI, fitness, and physical activity.

scholarly journals Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep and associations with mood states, shift work disorder and absenteeism among nurses: an analysis of the cross-sectional Champlain Nurses’ Study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Hajo ◽  
Jennifer L. Reed ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Heather E. Tulloch ◽  
Robert D. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Work Disorder ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance

Background Research has suggested ideal combinations of sleep, physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) (i.e., optimal sleep/high PA/low ST) are associated with better overall health. Previous research has shown nurses spend more than half their day sedentary, do not generally meet PA guidelines and have difficulty obtaining adequate sleep. There has been no known work to examine how combinations of sleep, PA and ST relate to the work performance and mental health of nurses. Our objective was to assess the associations of sleep, PA and ST with absenteeism, mood states and shift work disorder (SWD) in a sample of Canadian nurses. Methods A total of 342 nurses from the Champlain Nurses’ Study (mean age ± SD = 43 ± 12 years, 94% women) wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for ≥ 4 days for ≥ 10 h/day to derive time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and ST and reported sleep time for ≥ 4 days using daily activity logs. Behavioural patterns were categorized into four groups for comparison based on opposing combinations of sleep, MVPA and ST (e.g., optimal sleep/high MVPA/low ST vs. non-optimal sleep/low MVPA/high ST). Self-reported absenteeism, mood states and SWD as measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Shift Work Disorder Screening questionnaires, respectively, were compared across combinations of high versus low MVPA and ST, and optimal vs. non-optimal sleep. Results Nurses spent an average of 444 ± 11 min/day sedentary, 14 ± 15 min/day in bouts ≥ 10 minutes of MVPA (23% met PA guidelines) and reported an average of 8 h and 39 min ± 1 h 6 min of sleep/24-h. Significant associations between behaviour groups and the POMS score and its vigor subscale, as well as SWD were observed, however, none were observed for absenteeism. The healthiest behaviour group had a significantly lower mood disturbance compared to 2/3 unhealthy behaviours and greater vigor compared to 2/3 and 3/3 unhealthy behaviours. SWD trended toward being higher amongst the group with 2/3 unhealthy behaviours. Meeting PA guidelines was associated with significantly lower total mood disturbance versus not meeting guidelines (median [IQR] = 0.4 [4.5] vs. 1.3 [4.4], Z =  − 2.294, df = 1, p = 0.022), as well as lower anger, higher vigor and lower fatigue. Low ST was associated with lower POMS total mood disturbance scores versus higher ST (0.6 [4.4] vs. 1.4 [4.3], Z = 2.028, df = 1, p = 0.043), as well as higher vigor and lower fatigue. Conclusions In this sample of hospital nurses, the combined effects of sleep, PA and ST are associated with total mood disturbance and SWD. Achieving the recommended levels in all three behaviours may be beneficial in decreasing total mood disturbance and minimizing the effects of SWD. Future work is needed to address the low PA and high ST levels of nurses and to better understand how these behaviours can be improved to optimize the mental health of the health workforce.

scholarly journals Exercise Program-Related Psychosocial Changes Promote Healthy Weight in Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
After School ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Care Protocol

Background: An inappropriately high weight in children is a predictor of health risks. Reliable interventions that are easily disseminated are needed. Objective: Based on findings with adults, exercise-support methods might be leveraged to change behavioral predictors of a healthy body composition in youth. Analyses of changes in theory-based psychological variables’ association with changes in body composition within the context of youth-tailored treatment are required. Method: A 45 minute/day, 4 day/week, social cognitive/self-efficacy theory-based after-school care protocol, Youth Fit 4 Life, was tested in children of a normal (n=54) and overweight/obese (n=32) body composition over a school year. The treatment’s emphasis was on improvements in mood, self-efficacy, and self-regulation related to physical activity. Validated self-report measures of negative mood, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, and BMI, were administered at baseline, and months 3 and 9. The prediction of BMI change from changes in the psychosocial variables was assessed using multiple regression analyses. Results: Change in BMI and improvements in the aforementioned psychosocial factors were significant over both 3 and 9 months, and did not differ between body composition groups. Analyses indicated that over 3 months, self-regulation change was a significant predictor of BMI change (β=-0.26, SE=0.05, P=0.03), while over 9 months, self-efficacy change significantly predicted BMI change (β=-0.21, SE=0.02, P=0.05). Conclusion: After replications and extensions focused also on eating behaviors, it was suggested that the inexpensive and efficient Youth Fit 4 Life protocol might be scalable across community venues to address childhood overweight and obesity.

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