X-Ray Investigation on the Deformation and Fatigue Fracture of Spring Steel in Plane Bending

1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (160) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Shigetsune AOYAMA ◽  
Hirohiko NAMIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Bending

scholarly journals X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Diego E. Lozano ◽  
George E. Totten ◽  
Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

Synchrotron X-Ray Topography Study on the Relationship between Local Basal Plane Bending and Basal Plane Dislocations in PVT-Grown 4H-SiC Substrate Wafers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1004 ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Tuerxun Ailihumaer ◽  
Hongyu Peng ◽  
Balaji Raghothamachar ◽  
Michael Dudley ◽  
Gilyong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Plane ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Linear Mapping ◽  
Incidence Geometry ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Plane Bending

Synchrotron monochromatic beam X-ray topography (SMBXT) in grazing incidence geometry shows black and white contrast for basal plane dislocations (BPDs) with Burgers vectors of opposite signs as demonstrated using ray tracing simulations. The inhomogeneous distribution of these dislocations is associated with the concave/convex shape of the basal plane. Therefore, the distribution of these two BPD types were examined for several 6-inch diameter 4H-SiC substrates and the net BPD density distribution was used for evaluating the nature and magnitude of basal plane bending in these wafers. Results show different bending behaviors along the two radial directions - [110] and [100] directions, indicating the existence of non-isotropic bending. Linear mapping of the peak shift of the 0008 reflection along the two directions was carried out using HRXRD to correlate with the results from the SMBXT measurements. Basal-plane-tilt angle calculated using the net BPD density derived from SMBXT shows a good correlation with those obtained from HRXRD measurements, which further confirmed that bending in basal plane is caused by the non-uniform distribution of BPDs. Regions of severe bending were found to be associated with both large tilt angles (95% black contrast BPDs to 5% white contrast BPDs) and abrupt changes in a and c lattice parameters i.e. local strain.

Effect of Si Content on Microstructure and Properties of 60Si2CrVA Spring Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Zhan Ling Zhang ◽  
Jun Shuai Li ◽  
Cui Ye ◽  
Ni Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Spring Steels ◽  
Si Content

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the four spring steels with different Si content treated by Q-I-Q-T process were studied by metallographic microscope, MTS, impact testing machine and X-ray stress analyzer. The results show that the tensile strength and yield strength is first increased and then decreased with the increase of Si content, the volume fraction of retained austenite and elongation are fist decreased and then increased when the Si content is less than 2.1%, and the microstructure become finer and homogeneous. When Si content reaches 2.1%, the comprehensive properties of 60Si2CrVA spring steel is the best.

Experimental Investigation on Intensity and Residual Stress in Superficial Layers Induced by Water Cavitation Peening with Aeration

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 754-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ying Ju ◽  
B. Han
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Bubble Collapse ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
The Impact

Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration is a novel surface enhancement method. A new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, in order to investigate the process capability of the WCP with aeration, a standard N-type almen strips of spring steel SAE 1070 was treated by WCP with various process conditions, and the arc height value and the residual stress in the superficial layers were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The optimal fluxes of aeration and the optimal standoff distances were achieved.

Spatial variation of lattice plane bending of 4H-SiC substrates

CrystEngComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (27) ◽  
pp. 3844-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Cui ◽  
Xiaobo Hu ◽  
Xuejian Xie ◽  
Rongkun Wang ◽  
Xiangang Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Lattice Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Bending

Basal plane bending of on- and off-axis 4H-SiC substrates was measured by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD).

Surface Analysis, Microstructural Characterization and Local Corrosion Processes in Decarburized SAE 9254 Spring Steel

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3234 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1474-1486
Author(s):  
Jéssica Cristina Costa de Castro Santana ◽  
Rejane Maria Pereira da Silva ◽  
Renato Altobelli Antunes ◽  
Sydney Ferreira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Local Corrosion ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Decarburized Layer

The aim of the present work was to study the surface chemistry, microstructure, and local corrosion processes at the decarburized layer of the SAE 9254 automotive spring steel. The samples were austenitized at 850°C and 900°C, and oil quenched. The microstructure was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemistry was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were used to assess the global corrosion behavior of the decarburized samples. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was used to evaluate the influence of decarburization on the local corrosion activity. Microstructural characterization and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate a dependence of the local electrochemical processes with the steel microconstituents and Si oxides in the decarburized layer.

Basal plane bending of 4H-SiC single crystals grown by sublimation method with different seed attachment methods

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (43) ◽  
pp. 6957-6962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglong Yang ◽  
Jinying Yu ◽  
Xiufang Chen ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Xiaobo Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sublimation Method ◽  
Plane Bending

Basal plane bending of 4H-SiC single crystals grown using the sublimation method on an open or closed backside seed was measured using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry.

X-ray fractographic study on fatigue fracture surface of structural steels.

1985 ◽  
Vol 51 (465) ◽  
pp. 1477-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji OGURA ◽  
Yoshio MIYOSHI ◽  
Masahiro KAWAGUCHI ◽  
Masahiro KAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Fatigue Fracture Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fractographic Study

X-Ray Fractographic Study on Fatigue Fracture Surface of Ductile Cast Iron

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Akira Suzuki ◽  
Yoichi Kishi ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Yukio Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Fatigue Fracture Surface ◽  
X Ray

Austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) has composite microstructures, which are martensite/retained austenite structures. ADI has very large toughness compared to other ductile cast irons. After fracture, the retained austenite near the fracture surface will be transformed to martensite. In the present study, X-ray fractography is applied to fatigue fracture surface of ADI. The fatigue tests were carried out on compact tension (CT) specimens. The volume fraction of retained austenite was quantitatively measured on and beneath fatigue fracture surfaces. The plastic strain on the fracture surface was estimated from measuring the line broadening of X-ray diffraction profiles. The depth of the plastic zone left on fracture surface was evaluated from the distributions of the volume fraction of retained austenite. The results are discussed on the basis of fracture mechanics.

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