scholarly journals Influence of trans-polyoctylene rubber content on styrene-butadiene rubber properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Patrik Macúrik ◽  
Rafal Anyszka ◽  
Ivan Hudec ◽  
Terézia Malčeková ◽  
Ján Kruželák
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

AbstractThe study was focused on the investigation of trans-polyoctylene (TOR) influence on cross-linking as well as mechanical and rheological properties of rubber compounds based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). SBR was compounded with different proportions of TOR in the concentration range from 0 to 30 phr. Integration of TOR into rubber leads to the prolongation of the optimum curing time and scorch time and thus the decrease of the curing rate. Higher content of TOR led to less viscous rubber due to the plasticizing effect. Cross-link density of vulcanizates was reduced, which correlates with higher elongation at break. Tensile strength and hardness of vulcanizates increased with the increasing TOR content, probably due to the increasing amount of the crystalline phase.

Rubber magnets cured with peroxide and coagents

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Andrea Kvasničáková ◽  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Elena Medlenová ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil ◽  
Ivan Hudec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Peroxide Curing ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Barium ferrite in constant amount (50 phr) was incorporated into styrene-butadiene rubber to prepare rubber magnetic composites. Dicumyl peroxide was used as a curing agent for cross-linking of the prepared composites. Four different types of low-molecular-weight organic compounds were applied as coagents to enhance the efficiency of cross-linking process and to improve the compatibility between the rubber and the filler on the interphase. The main goal of this work was to investigate the influence of the composition of peroxide curing system on cross-link density, physical–mechanical and magnetic properties of the composites. The results revealed that the type and amount of coagents have no influence on magnetic properties of the rubber magnets. On the other hand, cross-link density and physical–mechanical properties were significantly dependent on the composition of curing system. The increase of tensile strength can be attributed to the improvement of adhesion on the interphase filler–rubber due to the presence of coagents.

scholarly journals Use of short fibers as a filler in rubber compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Natalia Meissner ◽  
Władysław M. Rzymski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Vulcanization Process

Abstract In this work, composites made from styrene-butadiene rubber and short fibers were prepared by mixing and investigated. The influence on the vulcanization process and tensile strength properties has been studied and compared with compounds filled with carbon black. The presence of fibers gave shorter curing time and led to a slight increase in tensile strength but decreased the elongation at break of the compound.

Barium and strontium ferrite-filled composites based on NBR and SBR

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Martina Matvejová ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil ◽  
Ivan Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Barium Ferrite ◽  
Strontium Ferrite ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In the first part of the research, rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of strontium and barium ferrite in concentration scale ranging from 0 to 200 phr into rubber matrices based on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber. The main objective was to investigate the influence of the type and content of magnetic filler on the cross-link density, physical–mechanical and magnetic characteristics of the prepared composites. In the second part of the study, the content of magnetic fillers was kept on constant level—200 phr and the main aim was to investigate the change in mutual combination of both fillers on the cross-linking and properties of the rubber magnets. The results revealed that both fillers show reinforcement effect in the rubber matrices. The higher tensile strength of composites was achieved by application of barium ferrite. Magnetic properties of composite materials were significantly influenced by magnetic characteristics of magnetic fillers. Higher remanent magnetic induction of barium ferrite was reflected in higher remanent magnetization of the equivalent composites. On the other hand, higher coercivity of strontium ferrite resulted in higher coercivity of strontium ferrite-filled composites.

Influence of Aromatic Content in Rubber Processing Oils on Viscoelastic Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) for Tyre Tread Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Yotwadee Chokanandsombat ◽  
Pongdhorn Sea-Oui ◽  
Chakrit Sirisinha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Aromatic Oils

In recent years, the increasing concern on the toxicity of highly aromatic oils has been incentive to the development of rubber process oils (RPOs) which are more environmentally-friendly. Many alternative eco-friendly RPOs have been tested with the aims of selecting the most suitable replacement for these highly aromatic oils. As a consequence, in order to achieve both environmental friendliness and effective rubber compounding, the aromatic content in RPOs must be optimised. In the present study, the experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PCAs) contents in RPOs on processability and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and vulcanisates. Results obtained suggest that the presence of RPOs leads to a decreased compound viscosity, and thus an enhanced processability. By incorporating the RPOs into SBR compounds, some mechanical properties including elongation at break and tear strength of cured SBR can be improved, particularly for the RPOs with high aromatic content. It is believed to be attributed to the increased compatibility between RPOs and SBR matrix. Nevertheless, the aromatic and PCA contents play little or insignificant role on the crosslink density and bulk viscosity of rubber compounds as well as hardness and compression set of vulcanisates.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE DEVULCANIZATION PARAMETERS OF TIRE RUBBERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saiwari ◽  
W. K. Dierkes ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density

ABSTRACT The optimal process conditions for a high ratio of devulcanization to polymer degradation have been investigated for tire rubbers: styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), natural rubber (NR), and chloro-isobutylene–isoprene rubber (CIIR). These polymers all show their own particular breakdown characteristics. The temperature dependence of the breakdown mechanism was investigated by measuring sol fractions and cross-link densities. For SBR and BR, the highest reduction in cross-link density was found at a temperature of 220 °C, together with a moderate increase in sol content. According to the Horikx theory, which correlates sol fraction and a decrease in cross-link density, this is the result of a high degree of cross-link scission. Higher process temperatures result in a lower decrease in cross-link density due to recombination of active chain fragments. NR and CIIR show different behavior. Breakdown of NR in this temperature range results in an almost complete destruction of the polymer network; cross-link density is reduced to almost zero, and the sol fraction is close to 100%. The same result is found for CIIR at higher temperatures. Although different rubbers react via other devulcanization mechanisms, the best devulcanization conditions for whole passenger car tire material are optimized.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Employing Poly(isobornyl methacrylate) (PIBOMA) as High Tg Thermoplastic Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Abdullah Gunaydin ◽  
Clément Mugemana ◽  
Patrick Grysan ◽  
Carlos Eloy Federico ◽  
Reiner Dieden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

A set of poly(isobornyl methacrylate)s (PIBOMA) having molar mass in the range of 26,000–283,000 g mol−1 was prepared either via RAFT process or using free radical polymerization. These linear polymers demonstrated high glass transition temperatures (Tg up to 201 °C) and thermal stability (Tonset up to 230 °C). They were further applied as reinforcing agents in the preparation of the vulcanized rubber compositions based on poly(styrene butadiene rubber) (SBR). The influence of the PIBOMA content and molar mass on the cure characteristics, rheological and mechanical properties of rubber compounds were studied in detail. Moving die rheometry revealed that all rubber compounds filled with PIBOMA demonstrated higher torque increase values ΔS in comparison with rubber compositions without filler, independent of PIBOMA content or molar mass, thus confirming its reinforcing effect. Reinforcement via PIBOMA addition was also observed for vulcanized rubbers in the viscoelastic region and the rubbery plateau, i.e. from −20 to 180 °C, by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Notably, while at temperatures above ~125 °C, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) rapidly loses its ability to provide reinforcement due to softening/melting, all PIBOMA resins maintained their ability to reinforce rubber matrix up to 180 °C. For rubber compositions containing 20 phr of PIBOMA, both tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing PIBOMA molecular weight. In summary, PIBOMA, with its outstanding high Tg among known poly(methacrylates), may be used in the preparation of advanced high-stiffness rubber compositions, where it provides reinforcement above 120 °C and gives properties appropriate for a range of applications.

Enhancement of Heat Ageing Properties of Epoxidised Natural Rubber Blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Mazlina Mustafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cure Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stability Property ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In recent years, automotive hose and belt specifications have changed, requiring longer product life in terms of swelling, wear and heat ageing. Diene-based rubbers, such as natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), have been widely used in diverse industries. However, some apparent defects such as limited ageing resistance and large compression set, have been demonstrated in some rubbers cured by sulfur or peroxides. In the making of general and industrial rubber goods, short production and sufficient scorch time is crucial especially by using an injection moulding. In this work, blend of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR 25) and Butadiene was developed with two types of curing systems namely Conventional and Efficient Vulcanisation system. The aim of the study is to produce a satisfactory heat resistance rubber compounds and adequate process safety for rubber manufacturing. Results showed that curing system applied significantly affected thermal stability property of the compounds. Modulus and hardness of the blends appeared to decrease progressively with ageing. However, greater thermal stability especially ageing at 100°C for 200h was observed with compound containing efficient curing system compared to conventional curing system which corresponded to the cross link density attributed by the torque value and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results on stiffness however was effected by the curing system applied. The influence of cure temperature on the chemical crosslink density on both cure systems are being investigated. The network results will be correlated with the technical properties.

scholarly journals Use of mesoporous silica as a reinforcing agent in rubber compounds

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty L. López ◽  
León Dario Pérez ◽  
Mónica Mesa ◽  
Ligia Sierra ◽  
Eric Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

AbstractMesoporous silica is used as filler for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); filler-polymer interactions are compared with those exhibited when Ultrasil silica (VN3) is used. A silane coupling agent is added to improve filler dispersion and its influence on the bound-rubber formation is also investigated. The bound-rubber content is higher for the mesoporous silica and increases further for the sample containing silane. The increase is explained by chemical interactions between filler and rubber and penetration of the rubber chains into the mesopores. This is confirmed by 13C solid-state NMR, IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis shows higher storage modulus for the rubber filled with mesoporous silica.

STUDY OF THE FRIEDEL–CRAFT CO-CURING OF ETHYLENE–PROPYLENE–DIENE RUBBER AND STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Estagy ◽  
Saeed Ostad Movahed ◽  
Soheil Yazdanbakhsh ◽  
Majid Karim Nezhad
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Monomer Content ◽  
Blend Ratios ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT Polymer blends are mixtures of at least two macromolecular species, polymers, and/or copolymers. A good blend should have strong interphases between different parts of the constituent polymers. To improve adhesion and miscibility of EPDM and SBR in their blends, a Lewis acid, AlCl3, was used to form EPDM-g-SBR copolymer through Friedel–Craft reactions. The effects of blend AlCl3 content, the diene monomer content of the EPDM, the EPDM–SBR weight ratio in the blend, the room temperature aging of the blend, and the type of the oil in the blend on cross-link reactions were studied. The results showed that an increase in AlCl3 content, up to 2 phr in the formulation, was beneficial to ΔTorque (difference between minimum and maximum torque in cure trace) and cross-link density (CLD) values of the compounds. The viscosity of the blends played a key role on AlCl3 curing of the compounds. As a general rule, the ΔTorque and CLD values tended to increase with diene monomer content of the EPDM. A high reduction in ΔTorque values was observed after 3 months of aging at room temperature. The oil incorporation was beneficial to cure parameters in the following order: oleic acid, paraffin oil, no oil, and aromatic oil, respectively. The EPDM–SBR weight ratios of 50:50 and/or 60:40 were demonstrated to be desired blend ratios.

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