scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of Q Fever Agent Coxiella Burnetii in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Stray Dogs in Belgrade (Serbia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Bogunović ◽  
Nataša Stević ◽  
Karim Sidi-Boumedine ◽  
Dušan Mišić ◽  
Snežana Tomanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dog Tick

Abstract Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative coccobacillus, which has been detected in a wide range of animal species, mostly domestic ruminants, but also in wild mammals, pets, birds, reptiles, arthropods (especially ticks), as well as in humans. Although the exposure to domestic animals in rural areas is regarded as the most common cause of the disease in humans, recent studies have shown that the role of pets in the epidemiology of Q fever has been increasingly growing. Although the primary route of infection is inhalation, it is presumed that among animals the infection circulates through ticks and that they are responsible for heterospecifi c transmission, as well as spatial dispersion among vertebrates. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of C. burnetii in ticks removed from stray dogs, as well as to examine the distribution of tick species parasitizing dogs on the territory of Belgrade city. A PCR protocol targeting IS1111 repetitive transposon-like region of C. burnetii was used for the detection of C. burnetii DNA in ticks and the results were confi rmed by sequence analysis. In total, 316 ticks were collected from 51 stray dogs - 40 females (78.43%) and 11 males (21.57%). Three species of ticks were identifi ed: Rhipicephalus s anguineus (72.15%), Ixodes ricinus (27.53%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.32%). Out of 316 examined ticks, C. burnetii DNA was detected only in the brown dog tick R. sanguineus, with a total prevalence of 10.53% (24/228) . The high prevalence of C. burnetii in R. sanguineus, which is primarily a dog tick, indicates the importance of dogs in the epidemiology of Q fever in the territory of Belgrade.

scholarly journals Identification of Coxiella burnetii in Raw Milk of Livestock Animal in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Mohammad Khalili ◽  
Saber Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Dairy Animals

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the frequency of C. burnetii in milk samples of dairy animals (goats, sheep, and cattle) in some selected regions in Iran, where there is no information about prevalence of C. burnetii. In this study, 162 individual milk samples were collected from 43 farms in three provinces (Tehran, Hamadan, and Mazandaran). Real-time PCR was used for the detection of IS1111a element of C. burnetii. In total, 23 of 162 samples (14.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.65–20.2%) were positive for C. burnetii by real-time PCR. C. burnetii was detected in 10.17% (95% CI: 4.74–20.46) of goat milk samples. In sheep milk samples, 18.6% (95% CI: 9.74–32.62) were positive, and C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 8.1–26.11) of cattle milk samples. Molecular evidence of the presence of C. burnetii was seen in milk samples of dairy animals in all the studied regions. These findings demonstrated that C. burnetii infection, especially in raw milk samples, deserves more attention from the health care system and veterinary organization in Iran.

In vitro evaluation of effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids against brown dog tick 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Shyma ◽  
Veer Singh and Jay Prakash Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Brown Dog Tick ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dog Tick

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is one of the most cosmopolitan ixodid ticks of veterinary and public health importance. The domestic dog is the main host of R. sanguineus, but occasionally, can infest a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, including humans. It causes debilitating effects due to blood losses in affected animals and also transmits several pathogens such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Haemobartonella canis and Hepatozoon canis. Engorged female R. sanguineus kept for oviposition. Hatched larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were subjected to larval packet test (LPT) to know its efficacy against deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The LC50 and LC95 concentrations were calculated by plotting regression curve of mortality against different concentrations of acaricides. A dose dependent increase in larval mortality was observed for both cypermethrin and deltamethrin. LC50 and LC95 for both deltamethrin and cypermethrin are calculated to be 9.59, 75.87 and 7.08, 219.85, respectively. The results indicated that R. sanguineus ticks were susceptible for cypermethrin, having high percentage mortality at the recommended concentration (200 ppm). However, deltamethrin produced a lower level of mortality at its market recommended dose (25 ppm). 

scholarly journals From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Eldin ◽  
Cléa Mélenotte ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov ◽  
Eric Ghigo ◽  
Matthieu Million ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARY Coxiella burnetii is the agent of Q fever, or “query fever,” a zoonosis first described in Australia in 1937. Since this first description, knowledge about this pathogen and its associated infections has increased dramatically. We review here all the progress made over the last 20 years on this topic. C. burnetii is classically a strict intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium. However, a major step in the characterization of this pathogen was achieved by the establishment of its axenic culture. C. burnetii infects a wide range of animals, from arthropods to humans. The genetic determinants of virulence are now better known, thanks to the achievement of determining the genome sequences of several strains of this species and comparative genomic analyses. Q fever can be found worldwide, but the epidemiological features of this disease vary according to the geographic area considered, including situations where it is endemic or hyperendemic, and the occurrence of large epidemic outbreaks. In recent years, a major breakthrough in the understanding of the natural history of human infection with C. burnetii was the breaking of the old dichotomy between “acute” and “chronic” Q fever. The clinical presentation of C. burnetii infection depends on both the virulence of the infecting C. burnetii strain and specific risks factors in the infected patient. Moreover, no persistent infection can exist without a focus of infection. This paradigm change should allow better diagnosis and management of primary infection and long-term complications in patients with C. burnetii infection.

Identification of Coxiella burnetii molecular markers in ticks harboring at forest zones in Saint-Petersburg

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Yuliya Aleksandrovna Panferova ◽  
Regina Ravilevna Baimova ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Syuzyumova ◽  
Valeriya Igorevna Lomonosova ◽  
Gelena Anatolievna Lunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
The North ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
North Eurasia

The prevalence of Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii in blood-sucking ixodid ticks in the forest zones of St-Petersburg was investigated. Molecular markers of pathogen were determined in approximately 5 % of vectors, which could suggest of infection foci subsistence close to megalopolis. Data on Coxiella infection rates of arthropod vectors across the North Eurasia were analyzed.

scholarly journals Moleculare detection of Bartonella in ixodid ticks and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in Shiqu county, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiancai Tang ◽  
Chengcheng Liu ◽  
Aiguo Yang ◽  
Dongbo Yuan ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Bartonella Species ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Dermacentor Everestianus

Abstract Background Bartonella bacteria have been associated with an increasingly wide range of human and animal diseases and were also recognized to be globally dispersed as emergent pathogens. Ticks and small rodents are known vectors of human and animal bartonellosis and play important roles in maintenance and circulation of bartonellae in nature. In China, Shiqu county is located on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and about 26 thousands square kilometers with an average altitude of above 4,200 meters and vast area of pastureland. In present study, the occurrence of Bartonella spp. in ticks and plateau pika was firstly investigated in Shiqu county.Results A total of 818 ticks ( Dermacentor everestianus , 79.0%, 646/818; Haemphysalis qinghaiensis , 21.0%, 172/818), were collected in 4 villages in Shiqu county. Only Bartonella melophagi was detected in tick samples with a total prevalence of 30.1% (246/818). Significant difference was observed (P<0.05) between D.everestianus (17.0%) and H.qinghaiensis (79.1%).The infection rates of Bartonella spp. in ticks from Arizha, Maga, Derongma and Changxgma villages were 4.8%, 76.8%, 12.5% and 18.0%, respectively. Compared with other villages, the infection rate of Bartonella spp. in Maga was higher (P<0.01). As for plateau pika, total infection rate of Bartonella spp was 24.1%, with 20.8% (15/72), 30.9% (25/81), 13.8% (9/65) and 29.4% (20/68) in Arizha, Maga, Derongma and Changxgma, respectively. Totally, B. queenslandensis , B.grahamii and two unvalidated Bartonella species were detected. No significant difference in infection rates was observed (P>0.05) between theses study sites. Conclusion At present, only D.everestianus and H.qinghaiensis were found in Shiqu county with high infection of Bartonella spp. in theses ticks and plateau pika. The threats to public health by these Bartonella species should be monitored.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in olive baboons and vervet monkeys in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jerusa Masika ◽  
Gerald Mwangi Muchemi ◽  
Tequiero Abuom Okumu ◽  
Samson Mutura ◽  
Dawn Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Nonhuman primates (NHPs) play a significant role in zoonotic spill-overs, serving as either reservoirs, or amplifiers, of multiple neglected tropical diseases, including tick-borne infections. Anaplasma phagocytophilum are obligate intracellular bacteria of the family Anaplasmatacae, transmitted by Ixodid ticks and cause granulocytic anaplasmosis (formerly known as Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE)) in a wide range of wild and domestic mammals and humans too. The aim of this study was to determine whether Anaplasma phagocytophilum was circulating in olive baboons and vervet monkeys in Laikipia County, Kenya. Results Some 146 blood samples collected from olive baboons and 18 from vervet monkeys from Mpala Research Center and Ol jogi Conservancy in Laikipia County were screened for the presence of Anaplasma species using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and then A. phagocytophilum was confirmed by sequencing using conventional PCR targeting 16S rRNA. This study found an overall prevalence of 18.3% for Anaplasma species. DNA sequences confirmed Anaplasma phagocytophilum in olive baboons for the first time in Kenya. Conclusion This study provides valuable information on the endemicity of A. phagocytophilum bacteria in olive baboons in Kenya. Future research is needed to establish the prevalence and public health implications of zoonotic A. phagocytophilum isolates and the role of nonhuman primates as reservoirs in the region.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Bartonella in ixodid ticks and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in Shiqu County, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Hao ◽  
Dongbo Yuan ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Xi Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Dermacentor Everestianus

Abstract Background: Bartonella bacteria have been associated with an increasingly wide range of human and animal diseases. They were identified as being globally dispersed as emerging pathogens. Ticks and small rodents are known as hosts of human and animal bartonellosis. They play a significant role in the preservation and circulation of bartonellae in nature. This study investigates the occurrence of Bartonella spp. in ticks and plateau pika in Shiqu county which is located on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in China. Shiqu county is spread over approximately 26,000 square kilometers, with an average altitude of above 4,200 meters and vast area of pastureland.Results: A total of 818 ticks (Dermacentor everestianus, 79.0%, 646/818; Haemphysalis qinghaiensis, 21.0%, 172/818) were collected in 4 villages of Shiqu county. Only Bartonella melophagi was detected in tick samples with a total prevalence of 30.1% (246/818). The infection rates of Bartonella spp. in ticks from Arizha, Maga, Derongma, and Changxgma were 4.8%, 76.8%, 12.5%, and 18.0% respectively. The infection rate of Bartonella spp. in Maga was higher (p< 0.01) than in other villages. Regarding plateau pika, the total infection rate of Bartonella spp was 24.1%, with 20.8% (15/72), 30.9% (25/81), 13.8% (9/65), and 29.4% (20/68) in Arizha, Maga, Derongma, and Changxgma respectively. Finally, B. queenslandensis, B. grahamii, and two unvalidated Bartonella species were detected. No significant difference was observed (p> 0.05) in the infection rates between these study sites.Conclusion: To date, only D. everestianus and H. qinghaiensis were found in Shiqu county with high infection of Bartonella spp. in the ticks and plateau pika. The threats of Bartonella species to the public health should be closely monitored.

Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 509-521
Author(s):  
Pedro Pablo España ◽  
Ane Uranga ◽  
Catia Cillóniz ◽  
Antoni Torres
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Few Data

AbstractQ fever is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Coxiella burnetii bacterium. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen with a high infection capacity that proliferates exclusively in an acidified medium, forming a lysosome-like vacuole. It presents a peculiar phenomenon called “antigenic phase variation,” produced by a modification in the complexity of the membrane lipopolysaccharides. Q fever can be found worldwide and presents variable clinical features and geographical distribution. It mostly affects people in rural areas who are in contact with animals. The most common type of transmission to humans is via the inhalation of aerosols containing the pathogen, especially those formed from placental derivatives. Wild animals, domestic animals, and ticks are the principal reservoirs.Diagnosis is mainly made by indirect methods such as serology or by direct methods such as microbiological cultures or tests that detect the specific DNA. Typically, there are two clinical presentations: the acute disease, which is more frequent and often asymptomatic, and a persistent focalized infection in 4 to 5% of patients, generally with a poor evolution. Treatment of the acute form in both children and adults consists of administering doxycycline, while persistent focalized infection should be treated with at least two antibiotics, such as doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. Several measures should be undertaken to minimize exposure among people working with animals or handling birth products. Different vaccines have been developed to prevent infection, though few data are available.

Q Fever as a Cause of Fever of Unknown Origin and Thrombocytosis: First Molecular Evidence of Coxiella burnetii in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elba R.S. Lemos ◽  
Tatiana Rozental ◽  
Maria Angélica M. Mares-Guia ◽  
Daniele N.P. Almeida ◽  
Namir Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence

scholarly journals Seroreactivity to Coxiella burnetii in an Agricultural Population and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Ticks of A Non-Endemic Region for Q Fever in South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Jeong-Rae Yoo ◽  
Mi-Sun Kim ◽  
Sang-Taek Heo ◽  
Hyun-Joo Oh ◽  
Jung-Hwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Endemic Region

Coxiella burnetii infects humans and wild and domesticated animals. Although reported cases on Jeju Island, off the coast of South Korea, are rare, the region is considered to have a high potential for Q fever. We investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii in 230 farmers living in ten rural areas on Jeju Island between January 2015 and December 2019. Blood samples were collected and examined for C. burnetii Phase I/II IgM and IgG antibodies. Trained researchers collected ticks from rural areas. Clone XCP-1 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed to identify Coxiella species from the collected ticks. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii in farmers was 35.7%. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in fruit farmers. Of the collected ticks, 5.4% (19/351) of the Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks harbored C. burnetti. A high seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii was observed in this region of Jeju Island, confirming that C. burnetti is endemic. Physicians should thus consider Q fever in the differential diagnosis of patients that present with acute fever after participating in outdoor activities.

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