scholarly journals Atopic Dermatitis: From Etiology and History to Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
L. Dourmishev ◽  
N. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Developed World

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease in patients with atopy. Atopy itself, is defined as a predisposition to develop immune response with overproduction of immunoglobulin E to low doses of allergens. AD is one of the most common skin disorders in the developed world, affecting up to 20% of children and about 3% of adults. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex, with both genetic and environmental factors playing a significant role in it. Clinically, hallmarks of atopic dermatitis include dry, itchy skin and various cutaneous efflorescence, compatible to dermatitis or eczema. Atopic dermatitis subdivides into three morphological variants manifesting during infancy, childhood and adulthood. Various environmental factors and associated diseases may have serious influence on the clinical course or may trigger disease relapses. The aim of this review article is to serve as a comprehensive overview of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course and diagnosis, as well as potential challenges facing the successful treatment of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Eye Rubbing and Keratoconus: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hawkes ◽  
Mayank A Nanavaty
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Developed World

ABSTRACT Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectactic condition that can lead to visual loss. Despite being the most common cause for keratoplasty in the developed world the aetiology is unknown. It is thought to be multifactorial, with genetic and environmental factors implicated. The association of eye rubbing and pathogenesis of keratoconus has been well documented. In this review, we collate the existing literature and summarize the current knowledge of the role of eye rubbing in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. How to cite this article Hawkes E, Nanavaty MA. Eye Rubbing and Keratoconus: A Literature Review. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(3):118-121.

scholarly journals Approach to the Assessment and Management of Pediatric Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Consensus Document. Section II: Comorbid Disease in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12S-18S ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-ho Hong ◽  
Marissa Joseph ◽  
Vy HD Kim ◽  
Perla Lansang ◽  
Irene Lara-Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Skin Conditions

Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions encountered by health-care providers caring for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric patients with AD may present with other allergic and nonallergic comorbidities that require appropriate treatment and referral. They may also experience a trajectory of allergic diseases known as the atopic march, which depends on a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors and likely involves early epidermal barrier dysfunction. Here we provide a review and clinical recommendations on the assessment and referral of comorbidities in pediatric AD.

Approach to the Assessment and Management of Adult Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Consensus Document. Section I: Pathophysiology of Atopic Dermatitis and Implications for Systemic Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6S-9S ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Kirchhof ◽  
Ian Landells ◽  
Chuck W. Lynde ◽  
Melinda J. Gooderham ◽  
Chih-ho Hong
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting inflammatory skin disease whose onset typically occurs early in life. AD pathophysiology includes genetic, immune, and environmental factors contributing to chronic inflammation. A rapidly evolving understanding of the pathogenesis of AD has led to the development of several treatment options for AD in adults, including topicals, phototherapy, and systemic therapies. Here, we provide a concise summary of AD pathophysiology with a focus on implications for systemic therapy.

scholarly journals Atopic dermatitis in children: up to date insight on development and trends in therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Balabolkin
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact

The development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children is determined by the impact of genetic and environmental factors, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and changes in the system of innate and adaptive immunity. 76.3% of patients have IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. The article elucidates questions of the pathogenesis and treatment of atopic dermatitis using topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, emollients, antihistamines, allergen immunotherapy, omalizumab, probiotics. Conducting individualized pathogenetic therapy in ATD allows you to achieve control throughout the disease.

Understanding Skin Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Ersser
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gp Visits ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Skin Conditions

The aim of this chapter is to provide nurses with the knowledge to be able to assess, manage, and care for people with skin conditions in an evidence-based and person-centred way. The chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the commonest skin diseases and their causes before exploring best practice to assess and help patients to manage skin conditions. Nursing priorities are highlighted throughout, and the nursing management of the symptoms and common health problems associated with skin conditions can be found in Chapters 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, and 28 on skin care and the maintenance of skin hygiene, skin barrier integrity, the prevention of skin breakdown, and wound management, respectively. Skin care is a fundamental area of nursing responsibility. The skin, or integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body and has significant protective and thermoregulatory functions. Skin disease is common, accounting for approximately 24% of GP visits (Schofield et al., 2009). It may have a major psychosocial impact on a person’s quality of life through its influence on appearance, body image, and self-esteem. This chapter introduces you to the common skin diseases that you are likely to encounter when caring for adult patients and outlines the nursing problems that you will need to manage. The cause or aetiology of common skin conditions lies with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. For example, a child’s eczema is influenced by his or her genotype and his or her exposure to environmental allergens. Within the UK population, 23–25% have a skin problem at some time in their lives that can benefit from medical care (Schofield et al., 2009). Skin problems are the commonest reason for consulting a GP, with 6% referred for specialist advice. As such, all registered nurses should have the knowledge and skills to manage the common conditions. The commonest skin conditions in the Western hemisphere are chronic inflammatory skin diseases (CISDs), such as eczema. In developing countries, the common conditions are infections and infestations. The quality-of-life impact of CISDs can exceed that for life-threatening conditions such as cancer (Rapp et al., 1999; Kingman, 2005).

scholarly journals Glycomacropeptide Attenuates Inflammation, Pruritus, and Th2 Response Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Rat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Carolina Muñoz ◽  
Maritza Montserrat Cervantes ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Mariela Jiménez ◽  
Javier Ventura-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Common Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, whose incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. The epicutaneous application of a hapten, such as 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), evokes an experimental murine AD-like reaction. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a dairy bioactive peptide derived from hydrolysis ofκ-casein by chymosin action. It has anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and immunomodulatory effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of GMP administration on DNCB-induced AD in rats. The severity of inflammatory process, pruritus, production of cytokines, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) content were measured, and the histopathological features were analyzed. GMP reduced the intensity of inflammatory process and edema of DNCB-induced dermatitis, with a significant decrease in eosinophils recruitment and mast cells hyperplasia. In addition GMP suppressed the serum levels of total IgE and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in AD-lesions. Besides, the levels of IL-10 were significantly increased. Remarkably, GMP administration before AD-induction abolished pruritus in dermatitis-like reactions in the rats. Taken together, these results indicate that GMP has an inhibitory effect on AD by downregulating Th2 dominant immune response, suggesting GMP as a potential effective alternative therapy for the prevention and management of AD.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Poorly Represented Mediterranean Plants in Istria: Health Impacts and Food Authentication

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3645
Author(s):  
Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec ◽  
Matthew Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Food Authentication ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Phenolic compounds are well-known bioactive compounds in plants that can have a protective role against cancers, cardiovascular diseases and many other diseases. To promote local food development, a comprehensive overview of the phenolic compounds’ composition and their impact on human health from typical Mediterranean plants such as Punica granatum L., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Arbutus unedo L., Celtis australis L., Ficus carica L., Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus L. is provided. Moreover, the potential use of these data for authenticity determination is discussed. Some of the plants’ phenolic compounds and their impact to human health are very well determined, while for others, the data are scarce. However, in all cases, more data should be available about the content, profile and health impacts due to a high variation of phenolic compounds depending on genetic and environmental factors. Quantifying variation in phenolic compounds in plants relative to genetic and environmental factors could be a useful tool in food authentication control. More comprehensive studies should be conducted to better understand the importance of phenolic compounds on human health and their variation in certain plants.

Review of Atopic Dermatitis and Topical Therapies

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia N. Mayba ◽  
Melinda J. Gooderham
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
New Treatments

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders in the developed world, affecting up to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults. This review concisely explains the pathophysiology and epidemiology of atopic dermatitis, as well as potential challenges facing its successful treatment. Furthermore, mainstay topical treatment modalities are evaluated, such as emollients, topical corticosteroids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors. The use of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in combination is discussed, as studies have indicated encouraging results. The proactive use of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors is also investigated, in order to bring attention to a new possibility in long-term management of atopic dermatitis. Last, new and upcoming topical medications are described, including Janus kinase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, and benvitimod. Although topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors can be very effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, it is important that practitioners are aware of mechanistically unique and new treatments for patients for whom more traditional topical therapies have failed. Overall, this review article hopes to serve as a comprehensive overview of currently available topical treatments for atopic dermatitis, while shedding light on new treatments coming in the future.

scholarly journals Specific Sensitization Age Dynamic in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
N.G. Ilina ◽  
Yu M. Krinitsyna ◽  
M. Yu. Denisov ◽  
I.G. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Acne Rosacea ◽  
Contact Characteristic

Background: Specific sensitization characterizes increased serum level of IgE to different groups of allergens (food, dust, domestic and contact). Characteristic of specific sensitization changes with age of patient. Spectrum of specific sensitization determined environmental factors, conditions of habitation. Objective: objective was to research characteristic of specific sensitization in patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods: There were 108 patients with atopic dermatitis, 1st group – 31 patient (17 boys and 14 girls) 0-3y.o., 2nd group – 30 (13 boys and 17 girls) 4-13 y.o., 3rd group – 47 (16 men and 31 women) 16-63 y.o. In control group, there were 25 patients (4 men, 21 women) 16-64 y.o. with another dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, acne, rosacea and etc., without atopic dermatitis. In patients of all 4 groups evaluated personal, family allergic anamnesis, drug and food allergy, sensitization by measuring common and specific levels of immunoglobulin E. Results: 10%, 32%, 27% patients of 1st, 2nd, 3rd groups had food allergy. The main allergens were citruses (37% cases), chocolate (27%) and milk (17%). Conclusion: 44-52% patients with atopic dermatitis and 4% patients without atopy had non-specific sensitization, that characterized five-fold increased serum level of IgE and more. 50-60% patients with atopic dermatitis had specific sensitization. 60% infants at the age under 3 y.o. with atopic dermatitis had sensitization for epithelium of homepets, 50% - for milk, 30% - white-egg. Among adults with atopic dermatitis sensitization was the same, as in control group. 35% patients with dermatoses without atopy had specific sensitization.

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