Route selection, migration speed, and mortality of silver eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities

AbstractThe European eel is a highly threatened species according the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The recruitment of this species has collapsed over the last fifty years primarily because of the destruction of free migration routes and overfishing. One of the most important factors linked to population decline is mortality during catadromous migration caused by hydroelectric facilities. The aim of the present study was to assess the mortality rate of silvers eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities. Total mortality at the site was 5%, but it was 15% for fish passing through the two hydroelectric facilities. However, the cumulative mortality in the river basin studied, which has many hydroelectric facilities, indicated that silver eel escapement from the Słupia drainage basin was very low.

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Just go with the flow? Route selection and mortality during downstream migration of silver eels in relation to river discharge

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsm132 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 1437-1443 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Henrice M. Jansen ◽

Hendrik V. Winter ◽

Maarten C. M. Bruijs ◽

Harry J. G. Polman

Keyword(s):

River Discharge ◽

Radio Telemetry ◽

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

Downstream Migration ◽

European Eel ◽

Route Selection ◽

Migration Routes ◽

Silver Eel ◽

Silver Eels ◽

The Impact

Abstract Jansen, H. M., Winter, H. V., Bruijs, M. C. M., and Polman, H. J. G. 2007. Just go with the flow? Route selection and mortality during downstream migration of silver eels in relation to river discharge. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1437–1443. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has been in steep decline for several decades. Fisheries and hydropower-induced mortality presumably play an important role during the downstream migration of silver eels, and downstream-migrating silver eels must make various navigation and route-selection decisions to reach the sea. We examined the influence of river discharge on route selection of silver eels. To quantify the impact of hydropower and fisheries on silver eel mortality, radio-telemetry experiments were performed in the River Meuse in 2002 and 2004, surgically implanting 300 silver eels with Nedap-transponders. Route selection and passage behaviour near detection stations was assessed. Silver eels were distributed over the alternative migration routes in the river in proportion to the discharge until the silver eels reached the entrance to the turbines. The eels altered their behaviour when approaching the turbines of hydropower plants and showed stationary and recurrent behaviour. We discuss the consequences of this on route selection and mortality rates caused by hydropower facilities and fisheries.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300008584 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 214-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

The United States ◽

United States Government ◽

Director General ◽

Inland Fisheries ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Economic Commission ◽

Advisory Commission ◽

The Government

The Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) held its 26th session in Madrid, June 3–14, 1957, under the chairmanship of S. A. Hasnie. During its discussion of current FAO activities the Council 1) decided to accept the invitation of the United States government to act as host to the fifth World Forestry Congress in 1960; 2) agreed to the proposed procedures for organizing the second session of the joint Food and Agriculture Organization/Economic Commission for Europe Committee on Forestry Working Techniques and the Training of Forest Workers, which was to be held in Moscow in September 1957; 3) established the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission to promote improvements in inland fisheries and to give advice on the matter; 4) approved certain budgetary amendments to the constitution of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease; 5) received the report of a mission which had been appointed in 1951 to examine the Moroccan agricultural and food supply situation arising from drought conditions, noted subsequent developments and the intentions of several governments to assist Morocco, and requested the Director-General to keep the situation under review and to take further steps which might be necessary; and 6) requested the Director-General to examine the advisability of establishing a committee on settlement, resettlement, and agrarian reform, as proposed by the government of Israel.

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Mapping silver eel migration routes in the North Sea

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-04052-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pieterjan Verhelst ◽

Jan Reubens ◽

Johan Coeck ◽

Tom Moens ◽

Janek Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

European Eel ◽

English Channel ◽

Migration Routes ◽

Silver Eel ◽

The North ◽

Wide Range ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The North Sea

AbstractRecent developments in tracking technology resulted in the mapping of various marine spawning migration routes of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). However, migration routes in the North Sea have rarely been studied, despite many large European rivers and hence potential eel growing habitat discharge into the North Sea. In this study, we present the most comprehensive map to date with migration routes by silver European eels in the North Sea and document for the first time successful eel migration through the English Channel. Migration tracks were reconstructed for 42 eels tagged in Belgium and 12 in Germany. Additionally, some eels moved up north to exit the North Sea over the British Isles, confirming the existence of two different routes, even for eels exiting from a single river catchment. Furthermore, we observed a wide range in migration speeds (6.8–45.2 km day−1). We hypothesize that these are likely attributed to water currents, with eels migrating through the English Channel being significantly faster than eels migrating northward.

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Food waste and dynamic complex systems: The case of Peru and a solution model proposal Part 1: Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens)

10.31234/osf.io/3bjpv ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos A Almenara

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Complex Systems ◽

Revenue Management ◽

Food Waste ◽

Intelligent Systems ◽

Solution Model ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Engraulis Ringens ◽

The United Nations

[THE MANUSCRIPT IS A DRAFT] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2020), food waste and losses comprises nearly 1.3 billion tonnes every year, which equates to around US$ 990 billion worldwide. Ironically, over 820 million people do not have enough food to eat (FAO, 2020). This gap production-consumption puts in evidence the need to reformulate certain practices such as the controversial monocropping (i.e., growing a single crop on the same land on a yearly basis), as well as to improve others such as revenue management through intelligent systems. In this first part of a series of articles, the focus is on the Peruvian anchoveta fish (Engraulis ringens).

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To the Empire and Beyond

10.1093/oso/9780199642533.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Gregory A. Barton

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Southern Rhodesia ◽

The Government ◽

Second World

This chapter traces the expansion of industrial agricultural methods after the Second World War. Western governments and the Food and Agriculture Organization pushed for increased use of chemical fertilizers to aid development and resist Soviet encroachment. Meanwhile small groups of organic farmers and gardeners adopted Howard’s methods in the Anglo-sphere and elsewhere in the world. European movements paralleled these efforts and absorbed the basic principles of the Indore Method. British parliament debated the merits of organic farming, but Howard failed to persuade the government to adopt his policies. Southern Rhodesia, however, did implement his ideas in law. Desiccation theory aided his attempts in South Africa and elsewhere, and Louise Howard, after Albert’s death, kept alive a wide network of activists with her publications.

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Ensuring Agricultural Sustainability through Remote Sensing in the Era of Agriculture 5.0

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5911

Author(s):

Vanesa Martos ◽

Ali Ahmad ◽

Pedro Cartujo ◽

Javier Ordoñez

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Information Acquisition ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Special Focus ◽

World Population ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Zero Hunger

Timely and reliable information about crop management, production, and yield is considered of great utility by stakeholders (e.g., national and international authorities, farmers, commercial units, etc.) to ensure food safety and security. By 2050, according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates, around 70% more production of agricultural products will be needed to fulfil the demands of the world population. Likewise, to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially the second goal of “zero hunger”, potential technologies like remote sensing (RS) need to be efficiently integrated into agriculture. The application of RS is indispensable today for a highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the present study draws a general overview of RS technology with a special focus on the principal platforms of this technology, i.e., satellites and remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), and the sensors used, in relation to the 5th industrial revolution. Nevertheless, since 1957, RS technology has found applications, through the use of satellite imagery, in agriculture, which was later enriched by the incorporation of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), which is further pushing the boundaries of proficiency through the upgrading of sensors capable of higher spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. More prominently, wireless sensor technologies (WST) have streamlined real time information acquisition and programming for respective measures. Improved algorithms and sensors can, not only add significant value to crop data acquisition, but can also devise simulations on yield, harvesting and irrigation periods, metrological data, etc., by making use of cloud computing. The RS technology generates huge sets of data that necessitate the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data to extract useful products, thereby augmenting the adeptness and efficiency of agriculture to ensure its sustainability. These technologies have made the orientation of current research towards the estimation of plant physiological traits rather than the structural parameters possible. Futuristic approaches for benefiting from these cutting-edge technologies are discussed in this study. This study can be helpful for researchers, academics, and young students aspiring to play a role in the achievement of sustainable agriculture.

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Strengthening implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Anderson ◽

K Schulze ◽

A Cassini ◽

D Plauchoras ◽

E Mossialos

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Policy Design ◽

Animal Health ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Action Plans ◽

Governance Framework ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major challenges of our time. Countries use national action plans as a mechanism to build engagement among stakeholders and coordinate a range of actions across human, animal, and environmental health. However, implementation of recommended policies such as stewardship of antimicrobials, infection prevention and control, and stimulating research and development of novel antimicrobials and alternatives remains inconsistent. Improving the quality of governance within antimicrobial resistance national action plans is an essential step to improving implementation. To date, no systematic approach to governance of national action plans on AMR exists. To address this issue, we aimed to develop the first governance framework to offer guidance for both the development and assessment of national action plans on AMR. We reviewed health system governance framework reviews to inform the basic structure of our framework, international guidance documents from WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Organisation for Animal Health, and the European Commission, and sought the input of 25 experts from international organisations, government ministries, policy institutes, and academic institutions to develop and refine our framework. The framework consists of 18 domains with 52 indicators that are contained within three governance areas: policy design, implementation tools, and monitoring and evaluation. Countries must engage with a cyclical process of continuous design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation to achieve these aims.

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Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1567

Author(s):

Joanna Moro ◽

Nadezda Khodorova ◽

Daniel Tomé ◽

Claire Gaudichon ◽

Catherine Tardivel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Factorial Method ◽

New Methods ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Weanling Rats ◽

Urinary Amino ◽

One Way Anova

Objective: Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2013) recommends new methods and, in particular, metabolomics. The aim of this study is to determine total protein/EAA requirement in the plasma and urine of growing rats. Methods: 36 weanling rats were fed with diets containing 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 20% protein for 3 weeks. During experimentation, urine was collected using metabolic cages, and blood from the portal vein and vena was taken at the end of the experiment. Metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS, and the data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis model, partial least Squares (PLS) regression, and independent component-discriminant analysis (ICDA). Each discriminant metabolite identified by PLS or ICDA was tested by one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of diet. Results: PLS and ICDA allowed us to identify discriminating metabolites between different diet groups. Protein deficiency led to an increase in the AA catabolism enzyme systems inducing the production of breakdown metabolites in the plasma and urine. Conclusion: These results indicate that metabolites are specific for the state of EAA deficiency and sufficiency. Some types of biomarkers such as AA degradation metabolites appear to be specific candidates for protein/EAA requirement.

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Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiallergic Active Components Extracted From the Edible Insect Oxya yezoensis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211023363 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110233

Author(s):

Masahiro Saiki ◽

Naomichi Takemoto ◽

Maki Nagata ◽

Masako Matsumoto ◽

Yhiya Amen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Key Factors ◽

Active Components ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization

In recent years, entomophagy has attracted increased attention, as it was recommended as a potential source of food by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In Japan, Oxya yezoensisis one of the most widely eaten insect species, but studies of its functionality as a food are limited. In this study, we reported the optimal characterization of the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (OME) and different fractions of OME. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiallergic activities of the OME fractions were evaluated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of OME has potential antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane-soluble fraction showed the strongest inhibition of β-hexosaminidase, which is one of the key factors in allergic reactions. It was concluded that phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activity while unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the antiallergy activity.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300016866 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 430-432

Keyword(s):

Director General ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Sixth Session

The sixth session of the Food and Agriculture Organization Conference, held from November 19 to December 7, 1951 in Rome,1 elected Amintore Fanfani (Italy) chairman and reappointed Norris E. Dodd Director-General for an additional two-year period. On November 21, 1951 the conference voted to admit to FAO Argentina by 53 votes to 0, Japan by 47 votes to 0, Nepal by 49 votes to 1, and Laos by 44 votes to 2.

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