scholarly journals Soil classification in Belarus: history and current problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Viktar Tsyrybka ◽  
Hanna Ustsinava
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The article contains a brief history of the development of the soil classification scheme of the Republic of Belarus. It comprises the description of the most widely-used (acknowledged) genetic classification of soils, characteristics of basic taxonomic units (type, subtype, sort, kind, and variation), and characteristics of the 13 main types of Belarusian soils. The map of the soil cover of Belarus and the morphological and genetic characteristics of typical and unique soil varieties are presented. The main problems of the national soil classification and its correlation with the international WRB system are shown.

The Semitic languages of Ethiopia and their classification

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Goldenbekg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Area

The accumulation of knowledge concerning the Semitic languages of Ethiopia has reached a stage when one may wish to venture upon a systematic comparative investigation of this linguistic group. Such an attempt is E. Hetzron'sEthiopian Semitic: studies in classification, which represents, in terms of genetic classification, the most detailed and penetrating comparative study hitherto undertaken in this field. The book is somewhat more ambitious than its subtitle would suggest; in fact it offers a fairly comprehensive exposition, well reasoned and carefully elaborated, of a new classification of the Ethiopian Semitic languages. And, as already argued a century ago, ‘in the field of cognate languages, classification is but a “modification” of the history of a language’, since ‘eo ipsothe history of language turns into a genetic classification’, or, as postulated in a more recent study, ‘the establishment of valid hypotheses concerning genetic relationships among languages is a necessary preliminary to the systematic reconstruction of their historical development’. The Ethiopian language area is sometimes mentioned as especially convenient for the comparativist. Indeed, ‘the field is inexhaustible and exceptionally fascinating’, as it comprises a rich variety of languages, dialects and ‘sub-dialects’’, Semitic and non-Semitic, spoken side by side in adjacent regions and at various substrata. However, such a linguistic situation is not necessarily favourable for applying the genealogical-comparative method, especially as regards interrelations between close, and rather fragmented, dialects.

scholarly journals A REVIEW TO THE GENESIS, EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOILS FORMED ON LIMESTONES AND DOLOMITES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Tatjana Mitkova ◽  
Mile Markoski
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Underdeveloped Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Faster Development

The soils formed on limestones and dolomites in different locations in the Republic of Macedonia have been ex-amined. These soils differ in their genesis, evolution and properties from soils formed on other substrates and have a number of specificities, whereby all their properties largely depend on the parent material. They occupy much of the soil cover of the Republic of Macedonia. The field examinations were carried out according to the generally accepted method in our country [1, 2]. Most of them are under high mountainous pastures, some plots are under meadows and fields. They have great importance for the faster development of some industries in the country, forestry, tourism, as well as the agricultural development in the hilly and mountainous underdeveloped areas in our country.

scholarly journals Anthroponimic geographical names of the Republic of Mari El of Tatar origin: toponymic zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-285
Author(s):  
Flera Ya. Khabibullina ◽  
Iraida G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The article considers anthroponymous toponyms of Tatar origin in the Republic of Mari El in reference to the genesis and history of movement and contact of the peoples of the Middle Volga region. The purpose of the article is to study the Tatar-Mari toponymic zoning based on the otantroponym oikonyms, which go back to the Tatar language. Materials and Methods. The analysis of toponymic material is associated with the use of various approaches: comparative-historical, comparative, as well as such research methods: the method of component analysis of toponymic units; areal, descriptive, structural, etymological, statistical, cartographic. The body of the research is represented by otanthroponymic oikonyms, selected from cartographic and lexicographic sources created in the Russian, Mari and Tatar languages, in the number of 129 units. Results and Discussion. The Tatar-Mari interactions on the territory of the Republic of Mari-El are concentrated in two main zones: the Tatar-mountain-Mari toponymic zone and the Tatar-meadow-Mari zone. The article defines the basic principles of the nomination of anthroponymous toponyms, provides a classification of toponyms by objects of the toponymic nomination in each of the topozones, and also highlights parallel names. The analysis also makes it possible to trace the patterns of placement of toponymic objects on the territory of the the Republic of Mari-El. Analysis of the identified borrowings from the Tatar language makes it possible to clarify their territorial localization in the territory of Mari El. Oikonyms formed on the basis of Tatar personal names are most common in areas of compact residence of Tatars, as well as in border areas with the Republic of Tatarstan, due to trade and economic, historical and political, administrative, territorial, and geographical factors. The main principle underlying the Mari otantroponym oikonyms was their nomination based on the relationship with a person: their social status; class affiliation; profession; social interactions; place and role in the family hierarchy; human character; appearance; clothing; qualities of a person; their financial status; etc. Conclusion. The names of Mari anthroponymous topoobjects of Tatar origin were implemented in importing Tatar values that are significant for the Mari ethnic group and go back to Tatar names: material wealth, high social status, respect for parents and elders, health and strength of body, friendship, kindness, firmness and strength of character, cleanliness and neatness in clothing.

scholarly journals Position of soils and soil-like formations of football grounds in the soil classification system

2015 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
I. V. Zamotaev ◽  
V. P. Belobrov
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Technogenic Loads ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Disturbed Soils

Under consideration is the classification of soils and soil-like formations in special landscapes and the football ground in particular. The latter is usually represented by soils subjected to human impacts of varying intensity: from weakly transformed by technogenic processes to artificial soils or technogenic superficial formations. The objects of research are more than 40 football grounds in Russia and the Republic of Byelarus. They differ in the age (exploitation time), regular and intensive technogenic loads, natural conditions and soil properties. The football grounds under study were divided into 3 groups: sports-ground at the age of its exploitation (less than 5 years), sports-mass grounds (30-50 years) and professional football grounds (50-75 years). Every group of football grounds is characteristic of soils and technogenic superficial formations represented by (1) technogenic-natural soils, (2) technogenically transformed soils and (3) technogenic superficial formations. The first two groups include the surface-transformed and disturbed soils, the natural profile of which is weakly changed. The technogenic superficial formations artificially constructed on the buried horizons of natural soils are highly subjected to technogenesis. In dependence on natural and technogenic conditions, age or exploitation time, peculiar features of soil stratum on football grounds it is possible to recognize a postlithogenic type of soddy-podzolic soils as well as 3 synlithogenic types represented by techno-soddy podzolic soil and 2 types of technogenic superficial formations including primitive and soddy quasizems. The evolution trends are striving to develop three subtypes of soddy quasizems under all the bioclimatic conditions including lessive, gleyic and solonetzic ones, whereas under humid conditions of the Moscow region there exist 5 subtypes of techno-soddy podzolic soils represented by lessive, gleyic, technogenically overcompacted, residual-carbonate and chemically polluted ones.

scholarly journals Development of regional atlas of environmental and geographical data on the example of the Mari El Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-546
Author(s):  
Evgenii Goncharov ◽  
Maksim Anufriev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
State University ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

At present, there is an increase in publications of various geographical atlases: national atlases, atlases of macroregions and administrative-territorial formations of a general geographical, thematic and integrated nature are being developed and published. Specialists from Volga State University of Technology developed a comprehensive ecological and geographical atlas of the region for the Mari El Republic for the first time. An electronic version is available on the Internet. The article is devoted to the development algorithm, methodological approaches and content of the Ecological and Geographical Atlas of the Mari El Republic. The atlas includes 6 sections and 119 thematic maps and corresponds to the experience of Russian and foreign mapping. The first section provides a brief description of the physical and geographical position of the republic. Further, there are information on natural resources and conditions (geology, topography, climate, surface and groundwater, vegetation and soil cover, wildlife and landscapes), history of the development of the territory, location and demographic indicators of the population, social infrastructure, territorial structure of the distribution of industries (mechanical engineering, chemical and light industry, construction, agro-industrial and timber industry, transport infrastructure). The final section summarizes information on the use of environmental monitoring components (minerals, groundwater and surface water, soil cover, atmospheric air, and forest vegetation). The sources for creating the Atlas were stock, literary, cartographic, and statistical and monitoring materials from scientific institutions, universities, executive authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, as well as the results of own research by the development team. The publication is intended for a wide range of readers and can be used in of managerial, economic, scientific and educational activities.

scholarly journals Essence and Specifics of the Magistrate’s Court and Conciliation Proceedings

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Mihail Mateev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The article is an attempt at a theoretical understanding of the following con- cepts: conciliation procedures, magistrate’s courts and magistrate’s justice. The research aims to analyse the genesis and nature of the models of magistrate’s justice that have de- veloped in the practice of national legal systems, and in particular in the judicial practice of the Republic of Bulgaria. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article provides a brief historical and comparative legal analysis of well-known models of magistrate’s justice. These include foreign legislations, and countries belonging to the continental legal family and the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. This made it possible to assess the diversity of the essential elements of the institute of magistrate’s justice, and highlight their main models. Results. Based on the study of the place and role of justices of the peace in the judicial sys- tem, the author concluded that there is an emergence of justice according to the principles established during the thousand-year history of the development of justice in Europe. The classification of the types of magistrate’s justice has been carried out. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, conciliation and litigation in the resolution of disputes are also con- sidered. Discussion and Conclusion. Scientific conclusions are formulated concerning the legal na- ture of the analyzed institution, and its place in the justice system.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF METHODOLOGY OF STUDYING AND CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-301
Author(s):  
R. G. Iblaminov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of

The modeling methodology is considered, and the static models that reflect the state of objects at the time of studying are analyzed. Based on these data, genetic retrospective models are constructed taking into account the modern data. They reflect the history of the processes that led to the formation of deposits. Models characterize the morphology, mineral and chemical composition of mineral bodies, conditions of occurrence, and features of surrounding rocks. Theoretical approaches and the content of modern genetic classification of mineral deposits are the core basis of knowledge about the geology of deposits. It is linked to the classification of igneous and metamorphic rocks described in the petrographic code, as well as to the modern lithology. Classification is necessary to systematize the entire variety of natural mineral objects, the origin of which is often ambiguous. It creates the basis for a unified approach to all natural objects that exist in the Earth's interior. The conditions for the formation of endogenous, exogenous and metamorphogenic deposits are considered. Endogenous objects are divided into three groups: magmatic, metasomatic, and hydrothermal. Among the exogenous, the sedimentogenetic, diagenetic, and catagenetic ranks are highlighted. Metamorphic deposits contain dynamothermal, regional-metasomatic, and migmatite classes, as well as thermal, dislocation, and impact metamorphism classes. Examples of typical deposits are given.

scholarly journals Location pattern and genetic classification of granite pegmatites of the Ukrainian Shield

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-691
Author(s):  
Leonid V. Isakov ◽  
Maria L. Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Ukrainian Shield ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Crystalline Core ◽  
Tectonic Zones

The pegmatites of the Ukrainian Shield, their formation and occurrence are con- sidered. It is shown that the Ukrainian Shield is a pegmatite province encompassing seven regions: Middle Prydniprovia, Western Pryazovia, Eastern Pryazovia, Ingulski, Rosynsko- Tikytski, Dnistersko-Buzki and Volyn, respectively encompassing megastructures of the same names and including pegmatite fields of different mineralogical composition and geochemical specialization. The Volynski, Ingulski, Middle Prydniprovia, Western Pryazovia regions have rare-earth and rare-metal specialization presented by pegmatites of different origin and petrological and mineral composition and occurring in different structural and tectonic conditions, having different formation age, which allows a full classification scheme of the pegmatites of Ukrainian Shield to be given. These structures can be considered as having formed as a result of abyssal magmatic plumes. The geological-structural position of these megastructures with obvious signs of influence of certain abyssal processes on their formation supports this assumption. We present the main geological structural and genetic factors of formation of pegmatite-bearing megastructures of the Ukrainian crystalline core-area, these factors forming the basis of a classification scheme of pegmatites of Pre-Cambrian shields. We have systematized the pegmatites of the Ukrai- nian Shield , and designed their classification scheme . We have distinguished the following groups of pegmatites by the development of pegmatite-generating zones: - three genetic groups of pegmatites: ultrametamorphogenic, magmatogenic and metamorphogenic-meta- somatic; - six genetic subgroups of pegmatites: migmatic; autochthonous granite massifs; metamorphogenic and metasomatic displaced and formed pegmatites; multiphase intrusive granite massifs; multiphase intrusive alkaline massifs; multiphase granite batholiths. By the nature of pegmatite-bearing structures, the following structural groups have been singled out: granite-gneiss regional structures and domes; dome- synclinore and dome-trough plume-structures (subgroups: interdome synclinore and trough structures, in particular greenstone structures; intrusive domes and batholiths); specific tectonic zones of stress tensions.

The joint application of digital modeling and field soil survey data for improvement of the accuracy in soil erosion mapping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Zhidkin ◽  
Mikhail Komissarov ◽  
Evgeny Zazdravnykh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Digital Modeling ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

<p>We used the data from field surveys with more than 2500 soil sampling points at 4 research sites in various regions of Russia. The study sites are located in the European part of Russia in the most contrasting physical-geographical and socio-historical conditions of soil erosion: in the Moscow, Kursk, Belgorod regions and in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The digital modeling was carried out with using of the WATEM / SEDEM model based on digital elevation models of detailed scale (1:10 000) on a total area more than 2000 km<sup>2</sup>. An analysis of the sediment balance in small catchments showed, that the digital modeling of soil erosion (in case of a certain quality level of input parameters) at an acceptable level reflects on the average long-term erosion rates in the valley-beam relief. The authors developed an original method in soil erosion mapping. It consists in revealing statistical relationships between the calculated erosion rates by WATEM / SEDEM model and the actual data of soils humus horizons thicknesses. Based on these dependencies, the probability of participation of soils with varying degrees on erosion in each pixel is calculated.</p> <p>The specific in formation of soil erosion at the Moscow region is largely due to the complex stage history of agricultural land development. For this key site, a detailed study of historical maps was carried out (with digitization in the GIS of the sites boundaries with a different land use history) for 8 periods, starting from 1797 to the present. Also, the history of crop rotation was studied in detail. Based on the analysis of maps and digital modeling of erosion-accumulation processes in this territory, a very high dynamics of arable land and soil erosion over the past few centuries was revealed, which significantly influenced on the formation of soil cover. At research sites in the Belgorod and Kursk regions, the features in formation of erosion-accumulative soil cover structures are due to the large area of agricultural land development. The comparison of soil cover erosion maps produced in accordance to the traditional method and the author’s approach is revealed a high convergence of results and the perspective of digital modeling using. The indisputable advantage of the digital method is the ability to formalize the procedure for assessing soil erosion, minimizing the contribution of subjective factors. Detailed studies in the Republic of Bashkortostan revealed the features in the formation of soil erosion  due to the developed denudation processes and karst microrelief. A detailed mapping of the soil cover and topographic mapping of the relief in key areas was carried out. It was revealed, that the using of a digital elevation model with very high accuracy (scale 1: 1000 and higher) allows to qualitatively simulate and estimate the rates of erosion and accumulation even in conditions of pronounced karst microrelief.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgement<br /></strong>This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) within the scientific project No. 18–35–20011.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS AND DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF PREVENTABLE FETAL DEATH IN WOMEN WITH TROUBLED PREGNANCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Markhabo Kamilova ◽  
◽  
Parvina Dzhonmakhmadova ◽  
Farangis Ishan-Khodzhaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Perinatal Audit ◽  
Individual Observation ◽  
Fetal Malformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors

Objective: To examine the risk factors of stillbirth in the Republic of Tajikistan. Methods: Maps of individual observation of the course of pregnancy and the history of births of women with antenatal and intranatal fetal death in institutions of III and II levels have been studied. Retrospectively has been conducted the clinical audit of 187 cases of stillbirth. Results: The main causes of stillbirths were intrauterine growth retardation syndrome and fetal malformations. The most common risk factors for stillbirth were factors associated with inadequate medical care and factors related to family and women. At the same time, most of the cases of antenatal fetal death (83%) and intranatal fetal death (74%) were preventable or conditionally preventable. Conclusions: Our research confirms the need for perinatal audit, which aims to find the causes and risk factors of stillbirth with the subsequent implementation of solutions to prevent such cases of stillbirths in the future. Keywords: Stillbirths, antenatal fetal death, intranatal fetal death, classification of the ReCoDe, risk factors, levels of, levels of preventable stillbirth

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