scholarly journals Grapevine yellows affecting the Croatian indigenous grapevine cultivar Grk

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Ježić ◽  
Jasminka Karoglan Kontić ◽  
Darko Preiner ◽  
Edi Maletić ◽  
Mirna Ćurković-Perica
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Region ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rflp Pattern ◽  
Grapevine Yellows ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Southern Croatia

Abstract - The grapevine cultivar Grk, a close relative of Crljenak kaštelanski/Zinfandel, is grown exclusively in southern Croatia. Grapevine yellows-like symptoms were observed on vines in the vineyards in Lumbarda (southern Croatia) and in propagated grapevines near Zadar and Zagreb. The majority of the detected phytoplasma isolates belonged to the 16SrI group. However, RFLP pattern and R16F2n/R2 fragment sequence assigned one isolate to the 16SrIII group. Thus far, on cv. Grk, phytoplasmas belonging to three different groups have been detected: 16SrI, 16SrIII, and 16SrXII, which was confirmed previously. Aside from the 16SrI, 16SrV and 16SrXII phytoplasma groups previously found on grapevines in Croatia, the finding of 16SrIII group, which is not common on grapevines in Europe, adds to the diversity of phytoplasmas in a very small geographic region.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of a Phytoplasma Associated with Witches'-Broom Disease of Black Raspberry in Oregon and Its Classification in Group 16SrIII, New Subgroup Q

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Davis ◽  
E. L. Dally ◽  
R. H. Converse
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Rflp Pattern ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Group Iii

Plants of Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) ‘Munger’ exhibiting symptoms of black raspberry witches'-broom (BRWB) disease were observed in commercial fields in Oregon (1). Symptoms were often severe, leading to death of infected plants, and a phytoplasma (mycoplasmalike bodies) was observed in ultrathin sections of diseased plants (1). In the current work, the association of phytoplasma with BRWB was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for specific amplification of phytoplasmal rDNA. DNA template for use in the PCR was extracted from plants as described elsewhere (2). Phytoplasmal 16S rDNA was amplified from diseased black raspberry plants in PCR primed by primer pair P1/P7 and reamplified in nested PCR primed by primer pair R16F2n/R2 (F2n/R2) by a method described previously (2). These results indicated the presence of a phytoplasma, designated BRWB phytoplasma, in the diseased plants. Identification of BRWB phytoplasma was accomplished by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of DNA amplified in PCR primed by F2n/R2. Phytoplasma classification was done according to the system of Lee et al. (3). On the basis of collective RFLP patterns of the amplified 16S rDNA, the BRWB phytoplasma was classified as a member of group 16SrIII (group III, X-disease phytoplasma group). The HhaI RFLP pattern of BRWB 16S rDNA differed from that of its close relative, clover yellow edge (CYE) phytoplasma. The RsaI RFLP pattern of BRWB rDNA differed from that of rDNA from all phytoplasmas previously described in group III. Based on these results, BRWB phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup, designated subgroup Q (III-Q) within group III. The 1.8 kbp DNA product of PCR primed by primer pair P1/P7 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The sequence was deposited in GenBank under Accession no. AF302841. Results from putative restriction site analysis of the cloned and sequenced rDNA were in excellent agreement with the results from enzymatic RFLP analysis of uncloned rDNA amplified from BRWB diseased black raspberry. Sequence similarity between the 1.8 kbp rDNA of BRWB phytoplasma and that of CYE phytoplasma was 99.4%. The nucleotide sequence data support the conclusion that the BRWB phytoplasma is related to, but is distinct from, other strains that are classified in group III. These findings contribute knowledge about the diversity of phytoplasmas affiliated with group III and provide information to aid the diagnosis of BRWB disease. References: (1) R. H. Converse et al. Plant Dis. 66:949, 1982. (2) R. Jomantiene et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:269, 1998. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Classification of a Phytoplasma Associated with Phyllody of Strawberry Fruit in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jomantiene ◽  
J. L. Maas ◽  
R. E. Davis ◽  
E. L. Dally
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rflp Pattern ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Clover Phyllody

Several phytoplasmas have been reported to be associated with phyllody of strawberry fruit, including clover yellow edge, clover proliferation, clover phyllody, eastern and western aster yellows, STRAWB2, strawberry multicipita, and Mexican periwinkle virescence phytoplasmas. Plant symptoms in addition to phyllody may include chlorosis, virescence, stunting, or crown proliferation. In this report we describe a new phytoplasma in association with strawberry leafy fruit (SLF) disease in Maryland. Diseased plants exhibited fruit phyllody, floral virescence, leaf chlorosis, and plant stunting. Phytoplasmal 16S rDNA was amplified from SLF diseased plants by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primed by primer pair P1/P7 and was reamplified in nested PCR primed by primer pair R16F2n/R2 (F2n/R2) as previously described (1). These results indicated the presence of a phytoplasma, designated SLF phytoplasma. Identification of SLF phytoplasma was accomplished by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of DNA amplified in PCR primed by F2n/R2, using endonuclease enzyme digestion with AluI, HhaI, KpnI, HaeIII, MseI, HpaII, RsaI, and Sau3AI. Phytoplasma classification was done according to the system of Lee et al. (2). RFLP analyses of rDNA amplified in three separate PCRs gave identical patterns. On the basis of collective RFLP patterns of the amplified 16S rDNA, the SLF phytoplasma was classified as a member of group 16SrIII (group III, X-disease phytoplasma group). The HhaI RFLP pattern of SLF 16S rDNA differed from that of the apparently close relative, clover yellow edge (CYE) phytoplasma, and all other phytoplasmas previously described in group III. Based on these results, SLF phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup, designated subgroup K (III-K), within group III. The 1.2 kbp DNA product of PCR primed by primer pair F2n/R2 was sequenced, and the sequence deposited in GenBank under Accession No. AF 274876. Results from putative restriction site analysis of the sequence were in agreement with the results from actual enzymatic RFLP analysis of rDNA amplified from phylloid strawberry fruit. Although the sequence similarity between the 1.2-kbp fragment from the 16S rDNA of SLF phytoplasma and that of CYE phytoplasma was 99.9%, the Hha1 RFLP pattern of SLF rDNA supports the conclusion that the SLF phytoplasma may be closely related to, but is distinct from, CYE and other strains that are classified in group III. These findings contribute knowledge about the diversity of phytoplasmas affiliated with group III and the diversity of phytoplasmas associated with diseases in strawberry. References: (1) R. Jomantiene et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:269, 1998. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998.

The atomic-force microscope and its future in biology

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 704-705
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Revel
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sharp Point

The last few years have been marked by a series of remarkable developments in microscopy. Perhaps the most amazing of these is the growth of microscopies which use devices where the place of the lens has been taken by probes, which record information about the sample and display it in a spatial from the point of view of the context. From the point of view of the biologist one of the most promising of these microscopies without lenses is the scanned force microscope, aka atomic force microscope.This instrument was invented by Binnig, Quate and Gerber and is a close relative of the scanning tunneling microscope. Today's AFMs consist of a cantilever which bears a sharp point at its end. Often this is a silicon nitride pyramid, but there are many variations, the object of which is to make the tip sharper. A laser beam is directed at the back of the cantilever and is reflected into a split, or quadrant photodiode.

Language and Literacy Predictors of Dialect Density Among School-Age African American Children From Two Geographic Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-820
Author(s):  
Lena G. Caesar ◽  
Marie Kerins
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
School Age ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
American Children

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral language, literacy skills, age, and dialect density (DD) of African American children residing in two different geographical regions of the United States (East Coast and Midwest). Method Data were obtained from 64 African American school-age children between the ages of 7 and 12 years from two geographic regions. Children were assessed using a combination of standardized tests and narrative samples elicited from wordless picture books. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships to and relative contributions of oral language, literacy, age, and geographic region to DD. Results Results of correlation analyses demonstrated a negative relationship between DD measures and children's literacy skills. Age-related findings between geographic regions indicated that the younger sample from the Midwest outscored the East Coast sample in reading comprehension and sentence complexity. Multiple regression analyses identified five variables (i.e., geographic region, age, mean length of utterance in morphemes, reading fluency, and phonological awareness) that accounted for 31% of the variance of children's DD—with geographic region emerging as the strongest predictor. Conclusions As in previous studies, the current study found an inverse relationship between DD and several literacy measures. Importantly, geographic region emerged as a strong predictor of DD. This finding highlights the need for a further study that goes beyond the mere description of relationships to comparing geographic regions and specifically focusing on racial composition, poverty, and school success measures through direct data collection.

205: Variations in Prostate Cancer Care According to Race, Geographic Region, and Literacy: Initial Findings from the Compare Registry

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Charles L. Bennett ◽  
Oliver Sartor ◽  
Susan Halabi ◽  
Michael W. Kattan ◽  
Peter T. Scardino
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Geographic Region

188 Novel Anti-SIRpalpha antibodies with differentiated characteristics as promising cancer therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A202-A202
Author(s):  
Swati Jalgaonkar ◽  
George Huang ◽  
Erin Filbert ◽  
Christine Tan ◽  
Ryan Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Tumor Clearance

BackgroundTherapeutically targeting tumor myeloid cells has emerged as a novel and complementary strategy to existing cancer immunotherapy approaches. The interaction of tumor expressed CD47 with SIRP alpha (signal regulatory protein-alphaa, SIRPA) on macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils inhibits key immune effector mechanisms. Targeting SIRPa-CD47 represents a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity by augmenting or reactivating critical tumor clearance mechanisms.H5F9, an antibody against CD47, has shown promising therapeutic activities in patients with MSD, AML and NHL. However, agents targeting CD47 present hematological toxicities and present a huge antigen sink leading to not achieving an optimum therapeutic window. Our approach is to target SIRP alpha, the receptor of CD47 and focus therapeutic targeting to relevant mechanisms related to phagocytosis and myeloid cell activation and at the same time avoid undesired effects of blocking CD47. SIRP gamma, a very close relative of SIRP alpha is expressed on T cells and also binds to CD47. It has been shown that blockade of SIRP gamma-CD47 interaction inhibits T cell proliferation and blocks trans-endothelial T cell migration. Hence, our aim is to generate SIRP alpha selective antibodies that do not cross-react with SIRP gamma and have minimal impact on T cell functions.MethodsUsing Apexigen’s APXiMAB™ proprietary antibody discovery platform, we have generated two novel anti-SIRP alpha antibodies (APX701 & APX702) with differentiated properties as compared to other approaches targeting the CD47/SIRP alpha axis. We have used ELISA, FACS based cell binding and blocking assays, and functional assays including in vitro phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP) in combination with tumor-opsonizing antibody to select APX701 & APX702.ResultsOur novel preclinical-stage APX701 & APX702 antibodies have demonstrated the following attributes: high binding affinity to human SIRP alpha (APX701 Kd = 0.95nM, APX702 Kd = 0.88nM), no binding to SIRP gamma, efficient blockade of SIRP alpha binding to CD47(APX701 IC50 = 1.04nM, APX702 IC50 = 0.80nM), potent macrophage mediated phagocytosis, enhancement of ADCP mediated by tumor-opsonizing antibody and favorable developability CMC profiles. In comparison with the benchmark antibody OSE-172, APX701 & APX702 showed potent phagocytosis activity and ADCP enhancement in all donors tested while OSE-172 induced phagocytosis in only 50% of the donors. This may result from the fact that APX701 and APX702 bind to all major SIRP alpha variants (V1, V2 & V8; covering ~92% population) while OSE 172 only binds to SIRPalpha V1 (~50% population).ConclusionsAPX701 and APX702 demonstrate differentiated anti-SIRPalpha activities by enhancing myeloid cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and reactivating critical tumor clearance mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals A Descriptive Analysis of Outpatient Antimicrobial Use for Urinary Tract Infections in Virginia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s453-s454
Author(s):  
Hasti Mazdeyasna ◽  
Shaina Bernard ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
Emily Godbout ◽  
Kimberly Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Insurance Payer

Background: Data regarding outpatient antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections (UTIs) are limited, and they have never been formally summarized in Virginia. Objective: We describe outpatient antibiotic prescribing trends for UTIs based on gender, age, geographic region, insurance payer and International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes in Virginia. Methods: We used the Virginia All-Payer Claims Database (APCD), administered by Virginia Health Information (VHI), which holds data for Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. The study cohort included Virginia residents who had a primary diagnosis of UTI, had an antibiotic claim 0–3 days after the date of the diagnosis and who were seen in an outpatient facility in Virginia between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. A diagnosis of UTI was categorized as cystitis, urethritis or pyelonephritis and was defined using the following ICD-10 codes: N30.0, N30.00, N30.01, N30.9, N30.90, N30.91, N39.0, N34.1, N34.2, and N10. The following antibiotics were prescribed: aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (TMP-SMX), cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, penicillins, tetracyclines, or nitrofurantoin. Patients were categorized based on gender, age, location, insurance payer and UTI type. We used χ2 and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel testing. Analyses were performed in SAS version 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results: In total, 15,580 patients were included in this study. Prescriptions for antibiotics by drug class differed significantly by gender (P < .0001), age (P < .0001), geographic region (P < .0001), insurance payer (P < .0001), and UTI type (P < .0001). Cephalosporins were prescribed more often to women (32.48%, 4,173 of 12,846) than to men (26.26%, 718 of 2,734), and fluoroquinolones were prescribed more often to men (53.88%, 1,473 of 2,734) than to women (47.91%, 6,155 of 12,846). Although cephalosporins were prescribed most frequently (42.58%, 557 of 1,308) in northern Virginia, fluoroquinolones were prescribed the most in eastern Virginia (50.76%, 1677 of 3,304). Patients with commercial health insurance, Medicaid, and Medicare were prescribed fluoroquinolones (39.31%, 1,149 of 2,923), cephalosporins (56.33%, 1,326 of 2,354), and fluoroquinolones (57.36%, 5,910 of 10,303) most frequently, respectively. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescribing trends for UTIs varied by gender, age, geographic region, payer status and UTI type in the state of Virginia. These data will inform future statewide antimicrobial stewardship efforts.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Michelle Doll reports a research grant from Molnlycke Healthcare.

scholarly journals Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daling Zhang ◽  
Songchao Li ◽  
Zhengguo Zhang ◽  
Ningyang Li ◽  
Xiang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Central China ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Urinary

AbstractA total of 1520 patients with urinary stones from central China were collected and analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between October 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, age, sex, comorbidities, stone location, laboratory examination and geographic region were collected. The most common stone component was calcium oxalate (77.5%), followed by calcium phosphate (8.7%), infection stone (7.6%), uric acid (UA) stone (5.3%)and cystine (0.9%). The males had more calcium oxalate stones (p < 0.001), while infection stone and cystine stones occurred more frequently in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence peak occurred at 41–60 years in both men and women. UA stones occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary pH (p < 0.001), while neutral urine or alkaline urine (p < 0.001) and urinary infection (p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with infection stone stones. Patients with high levels of serum creatinine were more likely to develop UA stones (p < 0.001). The proportion of UA stones in diabetics was higher (p < 0.001), and the incidence of hypertension was higher in patients with UA stones (p < 0.001). Compared to the other types, more calcium oxalate stones were detected in the kidneys and ureters (p < 0.001), whereas struvite stones were more frequently observed in the lower urinary tract (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in stone composition across the Qinling-Huaihe line in central China except UA stones, which were more frequently observed in patients south of the line (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Geographic Regional Variation in Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Late-Life Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Chirag Vyas ◽  
Charles Reynolds ◽  
David Mischoulon ◽  
Grace Chang ◽  
Olivia Okereke
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract There is evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in late-life depression (LLD) burden and treatment in the US. Geographic region may be a novel social determinant; yet, limited data exist regarding the interplay of geographic region with racial/ethnic differences in LLD severity, item-level symptom burden and treatment. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 25,503 men aged 50+ years and women aged 55+ years in VITAL-DEP (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL-Depression Endpoint Prevention), an ancillary study to the VITAL trial. Racial/ethnic groups included Non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and other groups (Native American/Alaskan Native and other/multiple/unspecified-race/ethnicity). We assessed depression status using: the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8); self-reported clinician/physician diagnosis of depression; medication and/or counseling treatment for depression. In the full sample, Midwest region was significantly associated with 12% lower severity of LLD, compared to Northeast region (rate ratio (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.88 (0.83-0.93)). However, racial/ethnic differences in LLD varied by region. For example, in the Midwest, Blacks and Hispanics had significantly higher depression severity compared to non-Hispanic Whites (RR (95% CI): for Black, 1.16 (1.02-1.31); for Hispanic, 2.03 (1.38-3.00)). Furthermore, in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, minority vs. non-Hispanic White adults had 2- to 3-fold significantly higher odds of several item-level symptoms across all regions, especially in the Midwest and Southwest. Finally, among those endorsing PHQ-8≥10, Blacks had 60-80% significantly lower odds of depression treatment, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, in all regions. In summary, we observed significant geographic variation in patterns of racial/ethnic disparities in LLD outcomes. This requires further longitudinal investigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document