scholarly journals Histopathological comparison of the salivary glands’ acini and striated ducts after experimental prolonged daily administration of oral ubiquinone doses in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghanim Abdullah ◽  
Ban Ismael Sedeeq ◽  
Marwan Saad Azzubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Also called coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Ubiquinone is a vitamin-like endogenously produced factor essential for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mitochondrial production. Several research studies have reported that the exogenous supplementation of CoQ10 can lead to excessive salivation, especially in patients complaining of dry mouth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term daily use of CoQ10 on the salivary glands in experimental animals by comparing the diameters of the glandular acini and striated ducts of a CoQ10-treated group and a control group. Twenty-five white albino rats were randomly divided into two groups; the control group consisted of 10 rats, while the CoQ10-treated group comprised 15 rats. The latter received daily oral treatment of 300 mg/kg CoQ10 for six weeks. Samples of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands were then dissected and examined histologically for comparative measurement of the diameters of the glands’ acini and striated ducts. The CoQ10 treated group had mean diameters of the serous acini for the parotid (79.8±11.2 μm) and submandibular (81.07±13.5 μm) glands that were significantly higher (P<0.05) than their diameters in the control group (67.5±8.4 μm and 73.3±13.8 μm), respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant when comparing the diameters of striated ducts of the CoQ10-treated group and the control group. Continuous and prolonged exposure to exogenous ubiquinone may cause hypertrophic dilation of the acini within the salivary glands, namely the parotid and submandibular glands, which might be the underlying mechanism for excessive salivation. This can be considered a reversible adaptive response.

scholarly journals Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Abdelhakim Abdelaleem ◽  
Osama A. Hassan ◽  
Rasha F. Ahmed ◽  
Nagwa M. Zenhom ◽  
Rehab A. Rifaai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Narcotic Drug ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Withdrawal Effects

Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting analgesic. It is the most consumed narcotic drug that is prescribed in the world. Tramadol abuse has dramatically increased in Egypt. Long term use of tramadol can induce endocrinopathy. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the adrenal insufficiency induced by long term use of tramadol in experimental animals and also to assess its withdrawal effects through histopathological and biochemical genetic study. Forty male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 4 groups (control group, tramadol-treated group, and withdrawal groups). Tramadol was given to albino rats at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight for 3 months and after withdrawal periods (7–15 days) rats were sacrificed. Long term use of tramadol induced severe histopathological changes in adrenal glands. Tramadol decreased the levels of serum cortisol and DHEAS hormones. In addition, it increased the level of adrenal MDA and decreased the genetic expression of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase in adrenal gland tissues. All these changes started to return to normal after withdrawal of tramadol. Thus, it was confirmed that long term use of tramadol can induce severe adrenal insufficiency.

scholarly journals Long-term scopolamine treatment altered locomotor, exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours of albino rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa K. Abdelghany ◽  
Akram M. El-Kashlan ◽  
Hosny H. Emeash ◽  
Fatma Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Animal models are used to provide an adequate investigation of brain-behaviour, physiological and path physiological relationships to give insight into human behaviour and the underlying processes of drugs affecting the nervous system. Scopolamine; SCO (alkaloid l-(2)-scopolamine [l-(2)-hyoscine]) has a competitive inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine. Thus, this study was designated to investigate the effect of long-term SCO treatment on locomotor, exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours of rats using open field test. Results The long-term SCO treatment induced a prominent increase in locomotion (hyperactivity) and exploratory behaviour of rats. In addition, anxiety-like behavioural patterns showed a non-significant difference in SCO treated compared to control. Serotonin level was significantly decreased in the scopolamine treated group in comparison with the control group. Conclusions Data suggested that long-term SCO treatment resulted in marked neurobehavioural alterations in a rat as an animal model.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PRENATAL ADMINISTRATION OF THERAPEUTIC DOSE OF TOPIRAMATE ON PLACENTAE ALBINO RATS' FETUSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Y. Salah El-din ◽  
Amel R. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Predictive Parameters ◽  
Epileptic Patients

Objective: Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug (AED) used for the treatment of partial seizure in adult and children epileptic patients. It passed through the placenta causing a birth defect. However, little literature focused on placental alteration due to the administration of topiramate during pregnancy. So, applying different predictive parameters; placental weight, histopathological (Haematoxylin and Eosin), histochemical (periodic acid Schiff’s) and immunohistochemistry (Caspase-3).Methods: Topiramate was orally administrated to the pregnant rats with dose 100 mg/kg rats from 5th to 19th day of gestation. The dam’s undergone hysterectomy and the placentae were weighted and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin, periodic acid Schiff’s and Caspase-3. Results: The study indicated that there is statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in the treated placental weight (0.4717±0.03788) compared with control group (0.5208±0.02930). Also, the light microscopic examination of the placental specimens using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed that an alteration in both basal and labyrinth zone. Apoptotic feature in spongiotrophoblast and trophoblasts is detected. Positive Periodic acid Schiff’s reaction for polysaccharides in the topiramate-treated group. Caspase-3 is showing apoptotic cells in the trophoblast layer.Conclusion: Long-term daily use of topiramate during pregnancy can lead to obvious pathological histotoxic effects in layers of placenta tissues which may be implicated in cognitive affection. Various effects of topiramate necessitate further investigations.

scholarly journals Functional and Structural Effects of Erythropoietin Subconjunctival Administration in Glaucomatous Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Resende ◽  
Serge G. Rosolen ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Berta São Braz ◽  
Esmeralda Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Retinal Function ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Subconjunctival Injection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Retinal Structure

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess functional and structural benefits of erythropoietin (EPO) when administered subconjunctivally in the retina of glaucomatous rats using electroretinography (ERG) and retinal thickness (RT) measurements. Methods: Glaucoma was experimentally induced in 26 Wistar Hannover albino rats. Animals were divided into 2 groups of 13 animals each: a treated group receiving a unique subconjunctival injection of 1,000 IU of EPO and a control group receiving a saline solution. In each group, 7 animals were used for retinal function evaluation (ERG) and 6 animals were used for retinal structural evaluation (histology). RT was measured, dorsally and ventrally, at 500 μm (RT1) and at 1,500 μm (RT2) from the optic nerve. Results: Retinal function evaluation: for both scotopic and photopic conditions, ERG wave amplitudes increased in the treated group. This increase was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in photopic conditions. Structural evaluation: for both locations RT1 and RT2, the retinas were significantly (p < 0.05) thicker in the treated group. Conclusion: Subconjunctival EPO administration showed beneficial effects both on retinal structure and on retinal function in induced glaucoma in albino rats. This neuroprotective effect should be applied in other animal species.

scholarly journals Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 328 (7441) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Schroter ◽  
Nick Black ◽  
Stephen Evans ◽  
James Carpenter ◽  
Fiona Godlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Quality Instrument

AbstractObjective To determine the effects of training on the quality of peer review.Design Single blind randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups receiving different types of training plus a control group.Setting and participants Reviewers at a general medical journal.Interventions Attendance at a training workshop or reception of a self taught training package focusing on what editors want from reviewers and how to critically appraise randomised controlled trials.Main outcome measures Quality of reviews of three manuscripts sent to reviewers at four to six monthly intervals, evaluated using the validated review quality instrument; number of deliberate major errors identified; time taken to review the manuscripts; proportion recommending rejection of the manuscripts.Results Reviewers in the self taught group scored higher in review quality after training than did the control group (score 2.85 v 2.56; difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.44; P = 0.001), but the difference was not of editorial significance and was not maintained in the long term. Both intervention groups identified significantly more major errors after training than did the control group (3.14 and 2.96 v 2.13; P < 0.001), and this remained significant after the reviewers' performance at baseline assessment was taken into account. The evidence for benefit of training was no longer apparent on further testing six months after the interventions. Training had no impact on the time taken to review the papers but was associated with an increased likelihood of recommending rejection (92% and 84% v 76%; P = 0.002).Conclusions Short training packages have only a slight impact on the quality of peer review. The value of longer interventions needs to be assessed.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effect of L-arginine and Insulin on Streptozotocin-induced Adrenal Gland Injury in Albino Rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mahar ◽  
Alisha Qamar ◽  
lnayatullah ◽  
Sarwath Fatimee ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Saeeduddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Group B

Background:Use of dietary supplements to treat illnesses has increasedtremendously in recentyears.Adrenal gland is one ofthemost commonly damaged endocrine gland in the body, not only by chemical or radiation injuries, but also as a result of differenttypes of stress.Search is underway for use ofnatural foods for protection of adrenal gland from different types ofinsults.Objective: To determine the protective effects of L-arginine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced adrenal gland injury in albino rats,andto compare its efficacy to insulin.Material and Methods: This prospective experimental study was done at BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. Forty male, healthy albino rats,90-120 days old were segregated into 4 groups. Group A was marked as control, group B was administered STZ, group C and Dwere treated with STZ along with insulin and L-arginine respectively. At the end of study period, i.e., 6 weeks, animals weresacrificed under ether anaesthesia. Tissue from the left adrenal gland was processed for frozen sectioning to observe fat content ofthe adrenal cortex by applying OilRed O stain.Results: Oil Red-0 stained frozen sections revealed closely aggregated fat globules in adrenal cortex of STZ treated group B ascompared to control. Moderate betterment was seen in group C and in group D Oil Red O stained frozen sections as compared toSTZ treated group B.Conclusion: The results ofthe study demonstrated adrenal cortex injury by STZ which ameliorated with concomitant use of insulinandL-arginine. The protection was more pronounced with L-arginine as comparedto insulin.Keywords:STZ, adrenal gland,insulin,L-arginine

scholarly journals Long-Term Testosterone Therapy Improves Cardiometabolic Function and Reduces Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men with Hypogonadism

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmaged M. Traish ◽  
Ahmad Haider ◽  
Karim Sultan Haider ◽  
Gheorghe Doros ◽  
Farid Saad
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Changes Over Time

Objectives: In the absence of large, prospective, placebo-controlled studies of longer duration, substantial evidence regarding the safety and risk of testosterone (T) therapy (TTh) with regard to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes can only be gleaned from observational studies. To date, there are limited studies comparing the effects of long-term TTh in men with hypogonadism who were treated or remained untreated with T, for obvious reasons. We have established a registry to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of T in men in a urological setting. Here, we sought to compare the effects of T on a host of parameters considered to contribute to CV risk in treated and untreated men with hypogonadism (control group). Patients and Methods: Observational, prospective, cumulative registry study in 656 men (age: 60.7 ± 7.2 years) with total T levels ≤12.1 nmol/L and symptoms of hypogonadism. In the treatment group, men (n = 360) received parenteral T undecanoate (TU) 1000 mg/12 weeks following an initial 6-week interval for up to 10 years. Men (n = 296) who had opted against TTh served as controls. Median follow-up in both groups was 7 years. Measurements were taken at least twice a year, and 8-year data were analyzed. Mean changes over time between the 2 groups were compared by means of a mixed-effects model for repeated measures, with a random effect for intercept and fixed effects for time, group, and their interaction. To account for baseline differences between the 2 groups, changes were adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and lipids. Results: There were 2 deaths in the T-treated group, none was related to CV events. There were 21 deaths in the untreated (control) group, 19 of which were related to CV events. The incidence of death in 10 patient-years was 0.1145 in the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0746-0.1756; P < .000) and 0.0092 in the T-treated group (95% CI: 0.0023-0.0368; P < .000); the estimated difference between groups was 0.0804 (95% CI: 0.0189-0.3431; P < .001). The estimated reduction in mortality for the T-group was between 66% and 92%. There were also 30 nonfatal strokes and 26 nonfatal myocardial infarctions in the control group and none in the T-treated group. Conclusion: Long-term TU was well tolerated with excellent adherence suggesting a high level of patient satisfaction. Mortality related to CV disease was significantly reduced in the T-group.

Short term chronic toxicity of tributyltin on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of omega-3

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712094745
Author(s):  
Marwa G Ahmed ◽  
Mona El-Demerdash Ibrahim ◽  
Hoda R El Sayed ◽  
Samah M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Group I

The declining rate of male fertility is a growing concern. Tributyltin (TBT) is a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), that induces imposex in female gastropods and is widely used in various industrial applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TBT on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible role of omega-3. Forty two adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; control group (Group I) and four experimental groups: omega-3 treated group, TBT treated group, TBT & omega-3 treated group and follow up group. At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and seminal examinations. Our results clarfied that TBT induced a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH, LH and serum glutathione peroxidase levels and a significant increase in the serum Malondialdehyde as compared to the control group. Tributyltin induced disorganization and shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, apoptosis, cellular damage and marked reduction in the germinal epithelium. A significant decrease in the cell proliferation and arrested spermatogenesis were also detected. Seminal analysis of TBT group showed a significant affection of all parameters as compared to other groups. Omega-3 ameliorated all of these hazardous effects. Follow up group still showed toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT has a toxic effect on the testis. Increased testicular oxidative stress, cellular damage and arrest of spermatogenesis with attenuation in antioxidant defenses are all contributing factors. Omega-3 can protect against TBT induced reproductive toxicity.

Studies On The Dynamics Of Antithrombin III During Heparin Infusion By Radioimmunoassay

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Urano ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
T Kitani ◽  
Y Maeda ◽  
M Watada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method

A radioimmunoassay method for antithrombin III (ATIII) was developed in order to detect the AT III levels correctly in plasma and tissues and the effect of heparin infusion was investigated on rat using this method and 125I labeled ATIII. Rat AT III was purified from rat defibrinated plasma by heparin sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtrations. This purified AT III was used for the preparation of specific AT III antiserum. Labeling of AT III with 125I was performed according to the method by Hunter and Greenwood. Plasma level of AT III were significantly decreased in the treated group with heparin for 6 hours, although significant difference was not observed in AT III contents in various organs. The behavior of i.v. injected AT III laveled with 125I in the normal control and treated groups proved the difference on the half life of AT III. Control group gave 52 hours and it was shortened in the treated group. The percent radioactivity per ml plasma after 6 hours of heparin infusion was 1.16±0.51, and 2.01±0.38 in the control group, and significant difference was observed (p < 0.05). On the contrary the percent dose radioactivity per g tissue wet weight was significantly increased in the liver, lungs, and large intestine on the heparin treated group. The decreased amount of the intravenously injected laveled AT III appears to be trapped and metabolized in the various organs mainly in the liver during heparin infusion. The decrease of plasma AT III levels on the patients treated with heparin may be explained from these experimental results.

Impact of mycotoxins and of a mycotoxin deactivator on alpacas grazing perennial ryegrass infected with wild endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
J. L. Vaughan ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
D. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Enzyme Activity ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
The Difference

Liveweight gain, animal health and the effectiveness of a mycotoxin deactivator were studied on an old pasture that contained 61% perennial ryegrass. Sixty-seven percent of the ryegrass population was infected with endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.). The pasture was fenced into two halves and two groups of 28 alpaca male weaners were rotated between the two plots. Nine to 10 Suris and 18–19 Huacayas were allocated to each group. One group was fed a concentrate supplement (100 g/head per day) and the other was fed the same supplement to which was added the toxin deactivator, Mycofix® Plus (5 g/100 g). Mean liveweight gain on the low-quality pasture over late summer and early autumn was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the groups. For the control group it was 41 g/day but individual rates of gain ranged from 67 to 0 g/day, depending on the severity of signs of perennial ryegrass toxicosis (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Liveweight gain was independent of neurotoxic signs in the Mycofix® Plus treated group. Ergovaline concentration in perennial ryegrass varied from 0.43 to a peak in early autumn (March) of 1.05 mg/kg. Mean urine lysergol alkaloid concentration peaked in mid-summer (January) at 109 ng/mg creatinine (control group) and was consistently lower in the Mycofix® Plus group, although the difference approached significance (P = 0.06) only in March. Lolitrem B concentration in perennial ryegrass varied from 0.78 to 1.57 mg/kg. Neurotoxic signs in alpacas were observed throughout the study and peaked in early autumn, coinciding with peak lolitrem B concentration; at this time, 84% of alpacas exhibited neurotoxic signs. Over the 145-day study, the Mycofix® Plus treated group exhibited a lower mean rating of perennial ryegrass toxicosis signs (P < 0.05). Variation in liveweight gain and signs of toxicosis were not associated with significant differences in liver enzyme activity.

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