scholarly journals Asian Foreign Direct Investments in the Visegrad Countries: What Are Their Motivations for Coming Indirectly?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Gubik ◽  
Magdolna Sass ◽  
Ágnes Szunomár
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
A Company ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
Foreign Parent

Abstract Asian foreign direct investments are significant in the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). Statistics compiled by the OECD’s new balance of payments manual (BPM6) show that the FDI stock of Asian investors is significantly higher than the data on direct investors suggest, meaning that companies go through intermediary countries before the investment reaches its final destination. The purpose of the article is to analyse why Asian FDI invest through intermediaries rather than directly. The paper analyses the main reasons for this “indirectedness” based on statistical data, other sources and semi-structured interviews with automotive and electronics companies. Our results show that the motivations for using an intermediary country can be manifold. Tax optimisation is often the reason why a company goes through a country with a more favourable regulatory environment. In addition, the geographical distance and global production chain considerations can be important, as well as the aim of companies from emerging countries to conceal the investor’s real origin. The increasing number of acquisitions further enhances the share of indirect investments, as with the acquisition of a foreign parent company the new owner also inherits its subsidiaries.

Characteristics and Analyses of Strategic Factors in Reverse Channels of Açaí Pulp Production Waste in the Municipality of Castanhal/PA/ Caracterização e análise de fatores estratégicos nos canais reversos do resíduo da produção de polpa de açaí no município de Castanhal-PA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 66894-66911
Author(s):  
Daniela Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Jéssica Kalene Palheta Moraes ◽  
André Cristiano Silva Melo ◽  
Denilson Ricardo de Lucena Nunes ◽  
Ítalo Flexa Di Paolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
Pulp Production

When disposed of inappropriately, waste from the production of açaí pulp, originating from the açaí production chain, is the cause of many environmental, economic, and social problems. In an attempt to minimize impact, Reverse Logistics is an instrument of economic, environmental, and social development characterized by actions aimed at the treatment and reuse of waste, which is managed and moved through Reverse Channels. Consulted bibliography defines Strategic Factors capable of promoting the structuring and organization of waste for environmentally appropriate destination by different production sectors. This research analyzed economic, environmental/ecological, technological, logistical, and legislative strategic factors of the reverse channels for açaí production waste in the city of Castanhal/PA, as this municipality’s açaí pulp production is nationally relevant. For this purpose, it was necessary first to characterize local reverse channels, since bibliographic and documentary research did not yield relevant information on the subject. Field research—consisting of in loco observation, structured interviews, and application of online questionnaires to agents directly and indirectly involved—was fundamental to characterize the object of this study. As a result, we achieved the characterization of reverse channels, as well as their logistical resources and the stakeholders involved, starting from the generation of waste through to transportation and final destination, ending our analysis with the main forms of waste revaluation. Our research also allowed the identification and analysis of strategic factors capable of influencing the structuring and maintenance of activities in this reverse chain.

scholarly journals The pesticide applicator profile of São José dos Quatro Marcos - MT

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cláudia Villar dos Santos ◽  
Adriana Mascarette Labinas
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pesticide Applicator ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Training

 In order for the correct final destination of empty pesticide packaging to occur, the participation of the entire production chain, from the manufacturer, shopkeeper to the users (farmers) must be involved. The legislation is very clear and demanding about correct disposal, but control is sometimes flawed, and incorrect disposal occurs which can poison humans and contaminate water bodies and animals. This is likely due to lack of information and training or even insufficient information. Thus, the objective of this research was to diagnose the behavior of a group of farmers from São José dos Quatro Marcos (MT) regarding the correct disposal of empty pesticide packages, through semi-structured interviews and bibliographic research. We conclude that the educational level of farmers could be one of the major factors interfering with their knowledge of pesticides, causing this lack of prior knowledge to result in actions understood as being commonplace when working with pesticides.

Economic Structure of Pakistan.—By Khawaja Amjad Saeed. Accountancy and Taxation Service Institute, Lahore, 1977. pp. 396.

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Moin-ud-din Moin-ud-din
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Order ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vast Range

A number of books on Pakistan's economy have recently been published, but most of them do hot provide the latest statistical data or keep pace with events and development during the 1970's. The book under review, however, has admirably fulfilled the requirements. It covers a vast range of subjects concerning economic development in the country during the recent past The book is divided into nine parts and covers such diverse areas as development, industry, the price situation and the impact of inflation, Pakistan's planning and development effort, trade priorities and balance of payments situation, .taxation* foreign aid, and socio-economic reforms. The analysis is general, broadbased, and historical in perspective and a large amount of data have been put together. To bring out a clearer picture international comparisons are made whereever possible, especially in the last part of the book where the author reiterates on the need for a "New World Economic Order".

scholarly journals The Role of Ethnic Social Capital in the Operation of Entrepreneurs in Transcarpathia, Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-156
Author(s):  
Katalin Kovály
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Foreign Enterprises

Owing to its geopolitical position, history of shifting borders, and multiethnic-multilingual population, Transcarpathia provides a convenient environment to study how ethnicity interplays with the economy. The present research aims to examine the role of formal and informal ethnic social capital in the life of Transcarpathian enterprises. The research is based on mainly semi-structured interviews conducted with foreign investors in Transcarpathia and with local Transcarpathian Hungarian entrepreneurs as well as with representatives of business organizations related to the given community. I also analyzed economic databases and statistical data. The results of the research imply that informal relationships are essential in the operation of enterprises, however, these relationships are not always organized on an ethnic basis. I argue that institutionalized relations have not played an important role in the case of foreign enterprises. However, among Transcarpathian Hungarian entrepreneurs, the role of formal ethnic relations has increased due to the financial support provided by Hungary.

scholarly journals Administrative accounting consulting: a new way of running a company through technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Ramiro Rodrigues Sumar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Scientific Periodicals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Objective: To describe the impact from the obstacles and potentialities that technology has brought to accounting consulting. Question: How can administrative accounting consulting help a company using technologies? Methods: The study is a bibliographic review. A search was conducted with the descriptors: technology; innovation; accounting; accounting on Spell’s data platform (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library) in June 2021. The search resulted in 10 articles. Results: the results brought as obstacles: The increasing technological advance, adapt to the use of these new technologies, Centrality of the role of the accountant in traditional models, Lack of software knowledge,Lack of specialized workforce, malfunction of the connection, Skilled labor. And as potentialities: Use of different digital technologies, Agility and time gain, Convenience, inseparable relationship between technology and consultative accounting promoting agile and quality support to its various users, Customer satisfaction, Speed and flexibility and Cost reduction. Conclusions: It is understood that Information Technologies positively influence the exercise of consultative accounting, although in addition to the advantages has its disadvantages. It is worth mentioning that the technologies enable the control of accounting information for the entry and exit of materials and inputs, as well as their origin and final destination, avoiding unnecessary losses, including deviations, agility, flexibility and security.

Dilemmas on OFDI Measuring and Interpreting

2020 ◽  
pp. 1295-1313
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kłysik-Uryszek ◽  
Anetta Kuna-Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Depth Analysis

Foreign direct investments (FDI) seem to have been thoroughly studied in specialised literature. However the scope of available statistical data often significantly hampers or even prevents any in-depth analysis of the phenomenon. The dynamic economic processes lead to the formation of new linkages, new organisational solutions in international enterprises that co-exist with well described and recognised forms of FDI but escape proper monitoring of statistical institutions. The chapter discusses the different concepts of measuring and interpreting FDI to provide researchers helpful guidelines how to deal with the problems of different methodological dilemmas. A main conclusion is that data provided by official statistics are insufficient and incoherent, and analysis of the scale of OFDI engagement of enterprises (especially from emerging countries) carries some risk and its results should be approached with caution. The case study of Poland's statistics has been used to portray the most significant discrepancies and problems.

When Do Working Consumers Become Prosumers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 2261-2277
Author(s):  
Sabina Alina Potra ◽  
Adrian Pugna
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
A Company

Notions like working consumers, active consumers, and consum-actors are used conjointly and interchangeable with the prosumer concept. But literature findings do not support such bewilderment. Thus, the present paper aims to uncover the relevance of the prosumer concept and examine the specific factors which empower consumers to be become prosumers and participate in co-creation activities. As prosumer characteristics have had limited attention in literature, the authors have chosen a Grounded Theory exploratory approach based on expert understandings of the phenomenon, using both in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts and literature analysis to develop a theoretical model of the concept. After understanding what makes a consumer co-create value with and for a company, management and marketing specialists have all the necessary information to delineate strategic directions for innovative results.

scholarly journals Ethnoecology and socioeconomic around an artificial reef: the case of artisanal fisheries from southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Silva Lima ◽  
Camilah Antunes Zappes ◽  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Ilana Rosental Zalmon
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fishery Resources

Abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the ethnoecological aspects, valorization, and commercialization of target species caught by artisanal fishers on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with 60 fishers from the fishing community of Guaxindiba (21°29'S, 41°00'W), which is associated with the Z-1 fishers' colony. Eighty-nine species were cited by the fishers and 44.1% are important commercial fish in the region. The fishers cited five distinct zones used to fish: border zone (68 species), estuary (41 spp.), artificial reef (27 spp.), "malacacheta" (24 spp.), and open ocean (10 spp.). The fishery resources were classified according to their gastronomic and economic characteristics: primary fish (35 spp.), secondary fish (32 spp.), mixed fish (10 spp.), discarded fish (7 spp.), and fish used as bait (5 spp.). The price of the target species increases along the production chain due to the greater number of people involved, processing costs, and improvement of the product. The data from this study can contribute to local fisheries management and point out to the use of artificial reefs in the maintenance of fishery resources in northern Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Internship and Private Fellowship: Why is it Difficult for Companies to Find Suitable Candidates?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Bogdan Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
A Company

AbstractThis exploratory study aims to identify the factors that prevent companies to find suitable candidates for private fellowships and internships: what students believe to be the causes, how would they explain these and which stakeholders should be involved to eliminate them. Data collection based on a sample of 18 engineering students that attended a company presentation inviting applications for private fellowship and student practice. Opinions were expressed in writing prior to structured interviews and group discussions. Limitations to this study are the relatively small sample size (n =18) and reliance on self-report measures. Information related causes were perceived by the students to lead their decisions, followed by lack of self-confidence of successful application for the grant. Respondents were classified in „Doers”, „Wishers “and „Lagers”. Universities must reinvent themselves in order to provide students with better knowledge and confidence on the job market, measured through a larger number of doers, which could become role models for wishers. Such process may generate a “critical mass” or tipping point in the transformation of a significant number of “wishers and lagers”. Whilst some of the students’ opinions are subjective, cooperation between universities and companies must continue to improve in order to enhance learning and better prepare students for their future careers.

The Role Of Institutions In Attracting Foreign Direct Investments

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Kristina Maric ◽  
Miroljub Shukarov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Development Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rules Of The Game

<p class="AbstractText">The aim of this paper is to identify the role of institutions in creating a prosperous business environment for attraction of the Foreign Direct Investments. This research is based on the statement that efficient markets depend on supporting institutions that can provide the formal and informal rules of the game of a market economy, allowing a lower transaction and information costs and reducing uncertainty. Moreover, it has to be stated that the legal and governmental arrangements as well as informal institutions underpinning an economy influence corporate strategies, thus profoundly influence the operation and performance of businesses. The methodology in this paper consists of comparing statistical data for the Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, FYROM and Slovenia). The general conclusion drawn in this paper is that Western businesses entering countries with lower degree of institutional development face higher transaction costs such as bribery than in countries with higher degree of institutional development. Hence, the institutions play significant role in the process of one country’s attempt to attract Foreign Direct Investment.</p>

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