scholarly journals Building an Open Resources Repository for COVID-19 Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Weihe Wendy Guan ◽  
Xinyan Zhu ◽  
Yuanzheng Shao ◽  
Lingbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic declared by the World Health Organization, with rapidly increasing cases in most countries. A wide range of research is urgently needed for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic, such as transmissibility, geographic spreading, risk factors for infections, and economic impacts. Reliable data archive and sharing are essential to jump-start innovative research to combat COVID-19. This research is a collaborative and innovative effort in building such an archive, including the collection of various data resources relevant to COVID-19 research, such as daily cases, social media, population mobility, health facilities, climate, socioeconomic data, research articles, policy and regulation, and global news. Due to the heterogeneity between data sources, our effort also includes processing and integrating different datasets based on GIS (Geographic Information System) base maps to make them relatable and comparable. To keep the data files permanent, we published all open data to the Harvard Dataverse (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/2019ncov), an online data management and sharing platform with a permanent Digital Object Identifier number for each dataset. Finally, preliminary studies are conducted based on the shared COVID-19 datasets and revealed different spatial transmission patterns among mainland China, Italy, and the United States.

scholarly journals Federal Regulation of Infant and Toddler Food and Drink Marketing and Labeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Pomeranz ◽  
Jennifer L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
World Health ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Health Organization

Foods and beverages marketed for infants, babies, and toddlers through 3 years of age is a $7 billion industry in the United States, incorporating a wide range of products, including infant formula and other types of drinks, foods, and snacks. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) found that mothers “are often inundated with incorrect and biased information” from direct advertising, health claims on products, information packs from sales representatives, and the distribution of samples of infant formula and “educational materials” by infant formula manufacturers. To address these problematic practices, in 1981, the WHO established the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the “Code”) to end the inappropriate marketing of infant formula and other food and drinks intended for children up to age two. In 2016, WHO expanded the definition of breastmilk substitutes to include milk and milk products specifically marketed for feeding infants and young children up to age three. However, the United States is one of a minority of countries that has not passed any legislation or regulation to implement the Code. Furthermore, U.S. regulation and enforcement actions have not kept pace with the introduction of new products and product categories and the profusion of labeling and marketing claims questionably implying nutritional and developmental benefits from these products.

scholarly journals Between “Essential Services” and Culpable Homicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
Danielle N. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared covid-19—the disease caused by the novel coronavirus—a global pandemic. As this coronavirus spread throughout the world, most countries implemented restrictions on public gatherings that greatly limited religious communities’ ability to engage in collective worship. Some religious leaders objected to these regulations, opining that faith would spare their congregants from illness or that their religious freedom is paramount to public health. Meanwhile, growing numbers of covid-19 infections were being traced back to religious leaders or gatherings. This article explores how governments have balanced freedom of worship and public health during the 2020 pandemic. Through the comparison of controversies in South Korea, India, Brazil and the United States, it highlights the paradoxes in debates about whether to hold religious communities accountable for the spread of this highly contagious and deadly disease.

scholarly journals Institutional and news media denominations of COVID-19 and its causative virus: Between naming policies and naming politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-652
Author(s):  
Fernando Prieto-Ramos ◽  
Jiamin Pei ◽  
Le Cheng
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
News Media ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

From the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that the practices of naming the disease, its nature and its handling by the health authorities, the news media and the politicians had social and ideological implications. This article presents a sociosemiotic study of such practices as reflected in a corpus of headlines of eight newspapers of four countries in the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis. After an analysis of the institutional naming choices of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the study focuses on the changes in newspapers’ naming patterns following the WHO’s announcement of the disease name on 11 February 2020. A subsequent political controversy related to naming in the United States is then examined in reports of The New York Times and The Washington Post as a further illustration of how public discourses and perceptions can rapidly evolve in the context of health crises.

scholarly journals A Review on COVID-19: Origin, Spread, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7234-7242 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Death Cases

A novel type of coronavirus, identified as 2019-nCoV or COVID-19, appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and continued to spread in 2020. On January 24th, 2020, about 830 cases were reported in nine countries, namely: China, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, Nepal, Vietnam, the United States, and Taiwan. Also, about 26 confirmed deaths have been recorded, especially for patients with serious underlying diseases. On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Until June 3rd, 2020, this outbreak virus caused over 6,500,000 detected infection cases in 210 countries and territories and around 383,000 confirmed death cases. Although information about the appearance of the virus, i.e., its origin and capacity to spread among people, is still unclear, there are growing numbers of cases that are occurring from the communication of infected people with uninfected ones. 2019-nCoV is the third coronavirus which was detected in humans in the past two decades, after SARS-CoV and Middle Eastern Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that appeared in 2002 and 2012, respectively. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date information regarding COVID-19’s origin, ways of spread, patients’ symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

Online Public attention and interest in COVID-19 Vaccination in mainland China (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanzun Wei ◽  
Lisha Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyan Meng ◽  
Xi Wen ◽  
Xiangfu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND In December 2019, few cases of pneumonia were reported outbursting in the city Wuhan, Mainland China and soon became a global pandemic. With the vaccination approval in Mainland China, concerns over its safety and efficacy emerged. Since the Chinese Vaccine has been promoted by the Chinese government for months, and just got emergency approval from the World Health Organization. The Chinese vaccination program is yet to be identified from the perspective of local populations. OBJECTIVE To examine the perception, complaints, and inquiries related to the current vaccination program to identify public concerns or hesitancy with the leading search engine in Mainland China. METHODS The COVID-19 Vaccine related keywords were examined and queried on Baidu Index for the period 2019.01–2021.04. The searching popularity of each keyword was recorded to analyze the search trend and demographic distributions. Data of demand graph and trend data used for users' demand analysis. Daily Vaccination data were retrieved from the daily government report since 2021,03. RESULTS Seventeen vaccination keywords were retrieved and with a total BSI value of 13,708,853. The first vaccine enquiry emerged on 25th January 2020, and the searching trend APC is 21.05% (p < .05). With reference to the government announcement, the coefficient of correlation (r) values is 0.38 (p < .05). As to the age distribution, 39.22% of the search were from people aged 20-29 years and dominated the vaccine enquiry. Followed are the 33.00% from aged 30-39 yr, 14.34% from aged 40-49 yr, 9.27% from aged under 19 yr and 3.88% from aged over 50 yr. In the user demand section, the total valid BSI of the vaccine demand terms were 3,843,325,561. Over 54.93% of the demand term search were pandemic relevant, and the summed vaccine demand ratio was 44.79%. CONCLUSIONS The rising search population in COVID-19 Vaccination revealed elevating public interest and focus. Vaccine education programs and materials should be designed for teens and people aged above the 40s. Complaints and symptoms describing inquiries were low, but vaccine-related birth safety should be alerted and further investigated. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals The effect of COVID-19 on global population and its fatality rate: Retrospective study by online database

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Siva Prasad Palem ◽  
Hari Prasad Palem
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Population

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current new virulent disease rising its transmission and fatality with each passing day in the worldwide population. COVID-19 is emerged as a respiratory infection and a suspicious origin of animals and transmission to human in Wuhan, China on December 2019. Later this, the virus was transmitted from person to person through droplets and contacts. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China have taken immediate action to reduce transmission and fatality associated with COVID-19 as minimum as possible. However, action has failed to stop transmission of COVID-19 from China to other countries. Since there was no chain break of the virus, the chances are more to increase the case number and fatality. Hence, the study has been designed to perceive the current effect of COVID-19 on the global population and its fatality. The study also focused on review related to treatment for COVID-19. Material and Methods: Online database of epidemic disease COVID-19 cases number was collected from www.channelnewsasia.com on 7th April 2020. This data was used to observe the past and present circumstances in the global population and its fatality. The effect of treatment on COVID-19 was reviewed from the few databases of clinical trials (antiviral and antibacterial drugs). Results: The online data are used to observe a significant increase ratio of COVID-19 cases and its fatality rate in worldwide as well as country wise. The COVID-19 cases are high in the United States (27.5%), whereas the fatality rate is high in Italy (12.47%). The prevalence of COVID-19 is expected to be reaching 4 million by the end of April 2020 and the fatality rate also might be reached high. Conclusion: We have come to the conclusion that the effect of COVID-19 on the global population is significantly increased and the fatality rate also elevated (2.48% to 5.52%). The hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination treatment has shown significant improvement in patients with COVID-19 compared to treat with other drugs.

scholarly journals Innovative strategies for managing swine welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Johnson ◽  
C Rademacher ◽  
J Eggers ◽  
N Gabler ◽  
L Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Alternative Markets ◽  
Industry Center ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization and its impact on animal agriculture in the United States was undeniable. By April, COVID-19 resulted in the simultaneous closure or reduced operations of many meat processing plants in the upper Midwest, leading to supply chain disruptions. In Iowa, the leading pork production and processing state, these disruptions caused producer uncertainty, confusion, and stress, including time-sensitive challenges for maintaining animal care. The Iowa Resource Coordination Center (IRCC) was quickly created and launched from the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS). The IRCC included public representation from the Iowa Pork Producers Association (IPPA), Iowa Pork Industry Center (IPIC), and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, and private partners including producers, veterinarians, and technical specialists. Supporting swine welfare, the IRCC provided information on management strategies, dietary alterations to slow pig growth, alternative markets, on-farm euthanasia, and mass depopulation under veterinary oversight. In a crisis, Iowa created a model that reacted to producers’ pragmatic, mental and emotional needs. This model could be quickly replicated with an introduction of a foreign animal disease.

scholarly journals Determinants of women´s health in Europe: using large open data collections to unveil the hidden part of the iceberg

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Lourdes Cantarero-Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Open Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Health Care Policies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Data Collections

Open data collections can be powerful, providing democratic tools to illustrate women’s health across Europe. This article discusses the benefits offered by the large volume of open-access data in comparison with access-restrictive big data, and provides an overview of the main databases publically available which gather sex-disaggregated data information, as well as of their strengths and limitations (The World Health Organization European Health for All database, EUROSTAT, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation – Global Burden of Disease data and OECD data). Examples are provided to illustrate the outcomes that can be obtained from the different databases, with special emphasis on the socioeconomic determinants of women’s health (education, income and wealth, employment and place of residence) in the European Region. Open online data collections accessible to all can be used as tools to argue in favour of not only the implementation of health-care policies, but also social and economic policies aimed at improving women’s health in Europe. However, open-access online data collections have certain drawbacks worth considering such as the need for continuous monitoring and updating, ensuring the reliability of data provided by all countries, and guaranteeing that individuals cannot be identified through links between clinical and socioeconomic data.

scholarly journals Graduate Health Professional Student COVID-19 Experiences: An Era of Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Forster ◽  
Samantha Souhrada ◽  
Stephanie Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Health Professional ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Professional Programs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic (World Health Organization, 2020). At this time many universities and schools in the United States decided to move to strictly online learning. This study sought to investigate how graduate students in five health professional programs at a private university in Virginia were impacted by and coping in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study, which utilized an anonymous survey, brought to light five different themes regarding what students saw as their biggest challenge. These themes included learning difficulties, pandemic specific concerns, mental health, maintenance of routine/schedule, and family responsibilities. Respondents were also asked if they felt students could be utilized in any capacity if another pandemic were to arise. Students felt that they could be helpful in assisting medical professionals, public health outreach, volunteer work and assisting fellow students. Through this research, information about how pandemics affect graduate health care students can be better understood, and highlight potential solutions by extension, in the setting of a future pandemic.

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document