scholarly journals A Case Study of Ethno Village in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

ECONOMICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Andrej Raspor ◽  
Petra Kleindienst ◽  
Kildi Tjaša Peršič ◽  
Zoran Mastilo ◽  
Draginja Borojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackground: The world tourism industry is subject to big changes. A number of tourists traveling steadily grows, resulting in turnover and income. The destinations, that tourists are attracted, to are numerous, and there are also newcomers who arrive to a certain destination for the first time. Nowadays, even some very distant places are on the travellers’ bucket lists. What is more, tourists are looking for authenticity, in terms of which the concept of ethno village proves to be such an example.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how this kind of tourism is regulated in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The emphasis will be on the study of specific ethno villages.Methods: Regarding the article, desk analysis will be done. The data were gathered from the world web, from the World Tourism Organisation’s data and from the data gathered from Slovenian and Bosnian national statistical office as well. The Excel was used for the analyses. Two examples of an ethno village are also described.Results: The ethno village as a part of rural tourism offers great opportunities for new work posts but capacities should be used to a greater extent and the problem of seasonality should also be overcome. All the key aims of rural development must be defined by the following strategy: the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural sector, the living standard of the population who lives from agriculture, creation of social and economic conditions in the rural regions; all of it within the National strategy of the rural development.Conclusions: Tourism industry is being developing as a part of modern touristic migration. There are more and more visitors coming overseas or coming from more remote places. They stay for a short period of time and they have different expectations as before.

Foreign Aid and its Role in Maintaining the Exploitation of the Agricultural Sector: Evidence from a Case Study in Africa

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Schuftan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sizable Proportion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Of Affairs

Today most foreign aid donors are genuinely committed to the idea that development in Third World countries should start with rural development. Therefore, a sizable proportion of their development funds are invested in rural projects. However, donors channel these funds through local governments (most often representing local bourgeois interests) that are not as committed to the principle of rural development. These governments are often also embarked in policies that are actually—directly or indirectly—expropriating the surpluses generated by agriculture and investing them in the other sectors of the economy. The peasants are therefore footing most of the bill of overall national development. This paper contends that, because of this state of affairs, foreign aid directed toward rural development is actually filling the investment gap left by an internal system of unequal returns to production in agriculture. In so doing, foreign aid is indirectly financing the development of the other sectors of the economy, even if this result is unintended. This perpetrates maldevelopment without redressing the basic exploitation process of peasants which lies at the core of underdevelopment. Evidence to support this hypothesis is presented using data from a primarily agricultural exporting country: the United Republic of Cameroon.

A First-Time Leader in the Time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Joshua Mims
Keyword(s):  
Historically Black ◽  
White Male ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Black College ◽  
First Year ◽  
Historically Black College ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

In this case study, a faculty member at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) shares their story of working as a white male in an all-Black college from first hire, to leaving, to returning in order to lead their former academic program. During their first year of leadership the author faced personal tragedy, professional promotion, strained relationships with colleagues, and finally, a global pandemic that changed the world. For those interested in the experiences of a first-time leader, this is a unique case study.

How Economic Dependency Was Created Through the WTO: A Case Study of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Yi Fung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Dependency ◽  
The World

Adapting the framework of dependency theory, the article asks how the economic dependency of less developed countries (LDCs) on developed countries (DCs) is created through free trade. This article uses South Korea’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a case study to illustrate this economic dependency creation process. Based on second-hand data from existing studies, the European Union, and the WTO, this article finds: (i) due to limited farmland size and high production costs, South Korean agricultural products cannot win a seat in the world market; (ii) the local agricultural sector was destroyed in South Korea because small farmers cannot earn a living by farming; and (iii) since the local agricultural sector cannot support the food demand in South Korea, South Korea now has to import a large amount of food. This article concludes that free trade actually destroys the local agricultural industry and the food security of South Korea, and consequently makes South Korea have to rely heavily on DCs for food import.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Japanese Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kitamura ◽  
Selim Karkour ◽  
Yuki Ichisugi ◽  
Norihiro Itsubo
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Health Organization

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) annual Emissions Gap Report 2019, further reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are needed to reduce climate change impacts. In Japan, the 2030 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) target is an emissions reduction of 26% compared to 2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has led to 43,341,451 confirmed cases and 1,157,509 confirmed deaths globally and affected 218 countries (as of 27 October 2020). In Japan, as of the same date, 96,948 infectious cases and 1724 deaths related to the new coronavirus had been recorded. These numbers continue to increase. In Japan, in March 2020, the number of international tourist arrivals decreased by about 93% compared to last year at the same period. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reported several significant scenarios for the tourism industry. COVID-19 is the greatest shock to international tourism since 1950 and represents an abrupt end to the 10-year period of sustained growth that followed the 2009 financial crisis. It was thought that it would be possible to analyze the economic, environmental, and social impacts of rapid social changes. Thus, this study estimates changes in Japan’s tourist consumption, the carbon footprint (CFP), and employment due to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The calculations in this study adopt a lifecycle approach using input–output tables. Based on these observations, this study uses four scenarios (SR 1, no recovery until December; SR 2, recovery from October; SR 3, recovery from July or September; and SR 0, same growth rate as 2018–2019) for Japan to calculate the CFP and employment change using input–output table analysis based on tourist consumption, which is a tourism metric. According to our results (2019 vs. SR 1 and 3), the consumption loss is between 20,540 billion yen (−65.1%) and 12,704 billion yen (−39.1%), the CFP reduction is between 89,488 Mt-CO2eq (−64.2%) and 54,030 Mt-CO2eq (−37.5%), and the employment loss is between 2,677,000 people (−64.2%) and 1,678,000 people (−37.5%). As of November 2020, the tourism industry continues to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post-COVID-19 society, it will be necessary to maintain the GHG emissions reductions achieved in this short period and realize economic recovery. This recovery must also be sustainable for tourism stakeholders and society.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism: A Case Study of Lumbini, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Bhim Bahadur Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to discover and present the impacts of COVID-19 in tourism in the context of Lumbini and its premises. As COVID-19 spread globally, it has created many challenges in health and security, daily lives, the national economy, and the global tourism industry. The COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as the most challenging tragedy that occurred in the world after the 2nd world war. The World Health Organization (WHO) had listed Nepal also as a country with a high-risk zone of COVID-19.The travel restriction and nationwide lock-down implemented by many countries including Nepal have resulted in a stranded traveler’s movement. As the consequences ticket reservation, flight services, transportation, hotel, and restaurants were closed and several job losses were registered in the tourism sector. The negative effects like fear, threat, frustration, and losing the confidence of tourism entrepreneurs appeared. This has brought changes in the tourists’ behavior and their motivation to travel for the next few years. In Lumbini businesses like lodges, hotels, restaurants, and travel offices were also severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, the tourism sector has been facing serious threats due to the prolonged lockdown and closing of tourism activities than the terror of COVID-19 itself.

scholarly journals GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE FOR BUSINESS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оleksandra Viter ◽  
Oksana Kylyn ◽  
Natalia Sveleba
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Credit Lines ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the current state of the tourism business market. Crisis phenomena in tourism caused by COVID-19 are considered. It is noted that the outbreak of coronavirus has caused a significant blow to the world economy and as a result it affects key sectors of the economy. According to experts, the current crisis has a much greater sudden financial impact than on September 11 and the crisis of 2009 combined. It was found that according to UN WTO forecasts in 2020 the number of international tourists due to the coronavirus pandemic decreased by 20-30% compared to 2019. According to the updated IMF forecast, in 2020 world GDP will shrink by 4.9%, the world economy will lose $ 12.5 trillion. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is calling for more funds to rehabilitate and support the tourism industry so that it can become a leader in economic recovery. The purpose of the measures implemented by governments during this difficult period can be divided into the following categories: to ensure a balance between the protection of tourists and the interests of tourism workers; provide conditions for business survival and targeted support and recovery of the tourism sector. Most countries focus on both approaches. Countries with more developed economies rely mainly on affordable credit lines which will restore the competitiveness of the national economy in a short period of time. Other countries are focusing on delaying tax and debt obligations, which could negatively affect the economy in the long run and lead to long-term budget deficits and general solvency problems. In order to stabilize the economic situation, governments adopt a range of both monetary and fiscal measures that can partially provide the conditions for business survival, as the tourism industry can become one of the drivers that helps the economy emerge from the crisis and can quickly create new jobs after crisis situations. Therefore, it is important that the measures taken by states to support the tourism business, the implementation of which will reduce the level of negative impact of the pandemic on the economy of the tourism industry.

scholarly journals Design, Construction and Validation of a High-Performance OATS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglin Meng
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Test Site ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Antenna Factor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Biconical Antennas ◽  
Calibration Laboratories

The state of the art on the open-area test site (OATS) has been introduced. Key technologies on the design and validation of a high-performance OATS have been provided. Some famous OATS in the world regarding their structure, the dimensions of the ground plane (GP), the location of the control room, and performance are listed in a table. A case study is provided on NIM’s high-performance OATS. Many details are open for the first time, which show the fine design. A measurement uncertainty example has been provided in measuring the free-space antenna factor of biconical antennas. These results are based on the author’s many years of experience, with lots of valuable data and photos. It is intended for calibration laboratories, for EMC antenna users, for writing EMC standards, as well as for the assessors in EMC.

scholarly journals Quadruple Helix Innovation Model for Rural Development: The Case of Sukaraja Tourist Village in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Widjajani Widjajani ◽  
Arnia Fajarwati ◽  
Asep Hidayat ◽  
Dudi Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
West Java ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
The Village

Tourist villages in Indonesia have a very important role in rural development. The village is the smallest unit of rural development in Indonesia that has its own autonomy in management. Even though there are many innovation models have been well developed in some parts of the world, but it has yet to be implemented in Indonesia. Quadruple helix innovation model has been introduced in developed countries to develop their countries. Thus, this model is seen suitable to be adapted in some villages in Indonesia to achieve prosperity and to improve the welfare of Indonesian society. In general, this research is aimed to adapt the quadruple helix innovation model for the tourist village in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Specifically, this research is aimed to (1) identify the driver for the village development, (2) examine the process of village development, and (3) adapt a model of the village process development. The design for this research is a case study. This case study is conducted in a Sukaraja tourist village in Tasikmalaya, West Java that is chosen purposely. Sukaraja Village is chosen as a study location because it has economic potential in terms of tourism and handicrafts. From the existing condition of socioeconomic and cultural in Sukaraja Village this study adapts a quadruple helix innovation model using soft system methodology to achieve prosperity and to improve the welfare of the village community. The results of this study show that (1) the driver for the village development is a tourism industry that have to manage professionally, therefore have to run by village-owned enterprise (2) the process of village development is a holistic process and cannot be done just by single institution, and (3) the model of process development called a quadruple helix innovation model, which is using synergies from four institutions in the village, there are the village government, the village industries, the village education system and the village industrial community. As a whole, the quadruple helix innovation model can be used to improve village welfare communities and in turn will enhance the prosperity of Indonesian society as a whole.

scholarly journals Influenza virus

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Juozapaitis ◽  
Linas Antoniukas
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
First Time

Every year, especially during the cold season, many people catch an acute respiratory disease, namely flu. It is easy to catch this disease; therefore, it spreads very rapidly and often becomes an epidemic or a global pandemic. Airway inflammation and other body ailments, which form in a very short period, torment the patient several weeks. After that, the symptoms of the disease usually disappear as quickly as they emerged. The great epidemics of flu have rather unique characteristics; therefore, it is possible to identify descriptions of such epidemics in historic sources. Already in the 4th century BC, Hippocrates himself wrote about one of them. It is known now that flu epidemics emerge rather frequently, but there are no regular intervals between those events. The epidemics can differ in their consequences, but usually they cause an increased mortality of elderly people. The great flu epidemics of the last century took millions of human lives. In 1918–19, during “The Spanish” pandemic of flu, there were around 40–50 millions of deaths all over the world; “Pandemic of Asia” in 1957 took up to one million lives, etc. Influenza virus can cause various disorders of the respiratory system: from mild inflammations of upper airways to acute pneumonia that finally results in the patient’s death. Scientist Richard E. Shope, who investigated swine flu in 1920, had a suspicion that the cause of this disease might be a virus. Already in 1933, scientists from the National Institute for Medical Research in London – Wilson Smith, Sir Christopher Andrewes, and Sir Patrick Laidlaw – for the first time isolated the virus, which caused human flu. Then scientific community started the exhaustive research of influenza virus, and the great interest in this virus and its unique features is still active even today.

The Future of the Winter Sport Tourism Industry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Simon Hudson ◽  
Louise Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Winter Sport ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ski Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

The opening Spotlight focuses on Slovenia’s emerging ski industry, and Eastern Europe is one of the few parts of the world where the ski industry is growing. Countries like Bulgaria, Russia and Poland, have joined Slovenia in taking advantage of the increased interest in winter sports following the 2014 Winter Olympic Games held in Sochi. China, too, is rapidly expanding its ski industry (see the Case Study in Chapter 1), with plans to open up 250 new ski centers in Heilongjiang province alone in the next decade. Ski resorts are certainly popping up in some unlikely places. In 2014, the Masikryong Ski Resort in North Korea opened up, to the delight of young dictator Kim Jong Un. The winter wonderland is just one of Mr. Kim’s tourism projects, as he has instructed state companies to boost numbers of foreign tourists from 200,000 a year to 1 million by 2016 (The Economist, 2014). The 1,400-hectare Masikryong resort sits at an altitude of 768m, and is said to have cost the regime $35 million. The resort says it wants to attract 5,000 people daily, which might be a challenge, given that barely a few thousand North Koreans know how to ski. In North America, the industry remains in a phase of maturity, characterized by increased consolidation and diversification. But looking back on the last few decades, there have been some significant changes in the industry in that part of the world. Table 12.1 puts a spotlight on the U.S. winter sport tourism environment in the years 1994 and 2014, showing that while overall skier/rider visits have not changed in 20 years, the composition of those on the slopes has. The number of downhill skiers on the slopes has dropped, while that of snowboarders has more than doubled. More females are participating in both activities, and participants tend to be older than they were 20 years ago. Perhaps of concern is a substantial drop in the number of lessons being taken today compared to 20 years ago, implying there might be fewer beginners taking to the slopes. Certainly, in the U.K. there are concerns that the poor performance of the schools market will have a negative impact on the number of new entrants to the sport.

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