scholarly journals Influenza virus

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Juozapaitis ◽  
Linas Antoniukas
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
First Time

Every year, especially during the cold season, many people catch an acute respiratory disease, namely flu. It is easy to catch this disease; therefore, it spreads very rapidly and often becomes an epidemic or a global pandemic. Airway inflammation and other body ailments, which form in a very short period, torment the patient several weeks. After that, the symptoms of the disease usually disappear as quickly as they emerged. The great epidemics of flu have rather unique characteristics; therefore, it is possible to identify descriptions of such epidemics in historic sources. Already in the 4th century BC, Hippocrates himself wrote about one of them. It is known now that flu epidemics emerge rather frequently, but there are no regular intervals between those events. The epidemics can differ in their consequences, but usually they cause an increased mortality of elderly people. The great flu epidemics of the last century took millions of human lives. In 1918–19, during “The Spanish” pandemic of flu, there were around 40–50 millions of deaths all over the world; “Pandemic of Asia” in 1957 took up to one million lives, etc. Influenza virus can cause various disorders of the respiratory system: from mild inflammations of upper airways to acute pneumonia that finally results in the patient’s death. Scientist Richard E. Shope, who investigated swine flu in 1920, had a suspicion that the cause of this disease might be a virus. Already in 1933, scientists from the National Institute for Medical Research in London – Wilson Smith, Sir Christopher Andrewes, and Sir Patrick Laidlaw – for the first time isolated the virus, which caused human flu. Then scientific community started the exhaustive research of influenza virus, and the great interest in this virus and its unique features is still active even today.

scholarly journals Shape-shifting connections, relationships and Pacific education in the uncharted waters of a global pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Cherie Chu-Fuluifaga
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Face To Face Learning

The importance of maintaining connections and relationships across tertiary education for students is discussed as a way of examining the nature of Pacific education in challenging times, particularly in terms of fractured face-to-face learning. Universities have been thrust into an unpredictable time of remote/distance/online learning in a short period of time. The process has been unsettling and challenging for people across the world. As Pacific students and staff experience the unchartered waters of Covid-19 and global disturbances, they are searching out ways to build purposeful connections, shape-shifting and ways to maintain communities of academic togetherness while harnessing the tools of their knowledge trajectories in research. This article will focus on four key principles: valuing personal and academic connections beyond the textbook; discovering heart-warming methods of connection; and connecting for growth and wellbeing.

A First-Time Leader in the Time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Joshua Mims
Keyword(s):  
Historically Black ◽  
White Male ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Black College ◽  
First Year ◽  
Historically Black College ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

In this case study, a faculty member at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) shares their story of working as a white male in an all-Black college from first hire, to leaving, to returning in order to lead their former academic program. During their first year of leadership the author faced personal tragedy, professional promotion, strained relationships with colleagues, and finally, a global pandemic that changed the world. For those interested in the experiences of a first-time leader, this is a unique case study.

scholarly journals Overview of the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Serbia and the Pirot County

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Milena Čavić ◽  
Jelena Grahovac ◽  
Radmila Zec ◽  
Miloš Stefanović ◽  
Elizabeta Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Great Part ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Registered Case

The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, corona virus) pandemic has introduced a sudden and overwhelming change into our everyday lives, which had a significant impact on various vital aspects of our society. The first officially registered case of infection was reported on December 31st, 2019. in Wuhan, China. Since then, its worldwide spread has led to a global pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19). Up to May 31st, 2021, there have been over 169 million officially reported cases of infection in the world, with over 3.5 million deaths. Since the first day of the pandemic, huge efforts have been employed by the health and scientific community to enable most efficient diagnostics, treatment and prevention by development of efficient vaccines. In Serbia, the first official SARS-CoV-2 case was registered on March 6th, 2020. Until May 31st, 2021, the total number of infected people was 712 472, total number of deaths 6 865 and the mortality rate 0.96%. The first antiSARS-CoV-2 vaccine was administered on December 24th, 2020, and by May 31st 2021 over 2 million people were successfully vaccinated in Serbia. If any positive effects of the pandemic can be highlighted, the health institutions of our country have prepared protocols and recommendations which can be modified according to specific needs in the case of future pandemics. Further dynamic of this pandemic will depend in great part on our responsibility for personal and collective health, as well as on global measures undertaken to reach a new eagerly awaited normality.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Ethno Village in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

ECONOMICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Andrej Raspor ◽  
Petra Kleindienst ◽  
Kildi Tjaša Peršič ◽  
Zoran Mastilo ◽  
Draginja Borojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackground: The world tourism industry is subject to big changes. A number of tourists traveling steadily grows, resulting in turnover and income. The destinations, that tourists are attracted, to are numerous, and there are also newcomers who arrive to a certain destination for the first time. Nowadays, even some very distant places are on the travellers’ bucket lists. What is more, tourists are looking for authenticity, in terms of which the concept of ethno village proves to be such an example.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how this kind of tourism is regulated in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The emphasis will be on the study of specific ethno villages.Methods: Regarding the article, desk analysis will be done. The data were gathered from the world web, from the World Tourism Organisation’s data and from the data gathered from Slovenian and Bosnian national statistical office as well. The Excel was used for the analyses. Two examples of an ethno village are also described.Results: The ethno village as a part of rural tourism offers great opportunities for new work posts but capacities should be used to a greater extent and the problem of seasonality should also be overcome. All the key aims of rural development must be defined by the following strategy: the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural sector, the living standard of the population who lives from agriculture, creation of social and economic conditions in the rural regions; all of it within the National strategy of the rural development.Conclusions: Tourism industry is being developing as a part of modern touristic migration. There are more and more visitors coming overseas or coming from more remote places. They stay for a short period of time and they have different expectations as before.

scholarly journals Comparison of antibody level after SARS-CoV-2 infection in case of home treated and hospital treated patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Indira Chowdhury ◽  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
Mohammad Masum Alam ◽  
Rubina Yasmin ◽  
Mohammad Matiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Igg Level

Background:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout the world causing a serious health issue. After the swine flu pandemic (also known as H1N1) of 2009-10, WHO had declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. This pandemic caused huge losses to the entire world. Most of the patients with mild symptoms were treated at home but patients with difficulty in breathing and various complications were treated at the hospital. Naturally produced antibodies or vaccination can only offer protection. The objective was to compare the antibody status after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hometreated and hospital-treated patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIRDEM General Hospital, from July, 2020 to June, 2021. A total of 77 patients (age 18 – 70 years) infected by SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled for this study. Among them, 37 were home treated and 40 were treated in hospital. The study subjects were non-vaccinated. For this study, serum IgG level was measured by the automated analyser. For statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney U test was done. Results:The median value of serum IgG was significantly higher in hospital-treated patients than in hometreated patients (p < 0.001). Hospital treated patients with a history of comorbidity developed more amount of antibody in comparison to home treated patients. Conclusion:Hospital treated patients develop higher antibodies in comparison to home treated patients. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(1): 11-15

scholarly journals DSM-5 Boom o esperanza

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias ◽  
Carlos López Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Diagnosis ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
First Time

After fourteen years of review, the expected update of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has generated great controversy among psychiatrists and psychologists around the world. So far, it is known that the new version (DSM-5), officially presented for the first time in May 18 of this year as part of the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), will be available in Spanish language at the beginning of 2014. However, the reviews and comments for and against the new version suggest that there is no consensus in the scientific community to address mental illness. Beyond the instructive of categorical diagnosis that has prevailed in previous versions and a good part of the new text, the dimensional proposal is articulated with the use of clinical subtypes, severity levels and the inclusion of transverse symptoms, which allow to have a deterioration or

scholarly journals ADAPTATION TO THE POST PANDEMIC WORLD: A BEHAVIOURAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Chinmoyee Borpujari
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Behavioural Study ◽  
World Today ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World

The world today is facing a serious challenge of a global pandemic in the form of Covid-19. Since time immemorial Pandemic and epidemics have been triggering and causing mass destruction. An influenza pandemic is a worldwide epidemic of a new influenza virus somewhat distinct from present and previous human seasonal influenza viruses. Influenza viruses are continually evolving, allowing non-human influenza viruses to adapt such that they can quickly target people and propagate successfully from person to person.

scholarly journals COVID-19 datasets: A Survey and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Shuja ◽  
Eisa Alanazi ◽  
Waleed Alasmary ◽  
Abdulaziz Alashaikh
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

AbstractIn December 2019, a novel virus named as COVID-19 emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus spread in all continents of the world except Antarctica causing widespread infections and deaths due to its contagious characteristics and no medically proven treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has been termed as most consequential global crisis after the World Wars. The first line of defense against the COVID-19 spread are the non-pharmaceutical measures like social distancing and personal hygiene. On the other hand, the medical service providers are the first responders for infected persons with severe symptoms of COVID-19. The great pandemic affecting billions of lives economically and socially has motivated the scientific community to come up with solutions based on computer-aided digital technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and estimation of COVID-19. Some of these efforts focus on statistical and Artificial Intelligence-based analysis of the available data concerning COVID-19. All of these scientific efforts necessitate that the data brought to service for the analysis should be open-source to promote the extension, validation, and collaboration of the work in the fight against the global pandemic. Our survey is motivated by the open-source efforts that can be mainly categorized as: (a) COVID-19 diagnosis from CT scans and X-ray images, (b) COVID-19 case reporting, transmission estimation, and prognosis from epidemiological, demographic, and mobility data, (c) COVID-19 emotional and sentiment analysis from social media, and (d) knowledge-based discovery and semantic analysis from the collection of scholarly articles covering COVID-19. We review and critically analyze works in these directions that are accompanied by open-source data and code. We hope that the article will provide the scientific community with an initiative to start open-source extensible and transparent research in the collective fight against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Facts and Recommendations of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
The BASE Medicine Task Force
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Meaningful Role

Since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection was officially reported at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has quickly swept the world like a terrifying demon. The whole world is like entering a biological terrorist attack. Everyone seeks all kinds of useful or useless self-protection amidst extreme panic and uncomfortable sadness. The shutdown of the world has brought the entire pandemic crisis into an unprecedented level of confusion. In this process, various forces wrestled with each other, and even science and politics were mixed and strangled. This jumbled together of fish and dragons has cast a shadow of uncertainty over the entire atmosphere of fighting the pandemic. This updated task force provides the latest information on the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 from its occurrence, development, therapeutics, and prevention. Over several months, although the scientific community has spared no effort in searching for effective drugs that can effectively fight against SARS-CoV-2, the facts are not satisfactory. This task force provides potentially useful therapeutic information after careful identification and screening. It is hoped that it will play a meaningful role in the entire process of the siege of SARS-CoV-2. Simultaneously, this task force makes a more detailed comment on the development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In the face of the global pandemic, various forces should work together to find useful medical methods to control SARS-CoV-2 as soon as possible instead of mutual condemnation. We cannot control the virus’s mutation, whereas we will never lose our confidence in defeating the virus and taking off the masks to return to normal.

scholarly journals Large scale genomic analysis of 3067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals a clonal geo-distribution and a rich genetic variations of hotspots mutations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0240345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriem Laamarti ◽  
Tarek Alouane ◽  
Souad Kartti ◽  
M. W. Chemao-Elfihri ◽  
Mohammed Hakmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Recurrent Mutations ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

In late December 2019, an emerging viral infection COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, and became a global pandemic. Characterization of the genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in following and evaluating it spread across countries. In this study, we collected and analyzed 3,067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from 55 countries during the first three months after the onset of this virus. Using comparative genomics analysis, we traced the profiles of the whole-genome mutations and compared the frequency of each mutation in the studied population. The accumulation of mutations during the epidemic period with their geographic locations was also monitored. The results showed 782 variants sites, of which 512 (65.47%) had a non-synonymous effect. Frequencies of mutated alleles revealed the presence of 68 recurrent mutations, including ten hotspot non-synonymous mutations with a prevalence higher than 0.10 in this population and distributed in six SARS-CoV-2 genes. The distribution of these recurrent mutations on the world map revealed that certain genotypes are specific to geographic locations. We also identified co-occurring mutations resulting in the presence of several haplotypes. Moreover, evolution over time has shown a mechanism of mutation co-accumulation which might affect the severity and spread of the SARS-CoV-2. The phylogentic analysis identified two major Clades C1 and C2 harboring mutations L3606F and G614D, respectively and both emerging for the first time in China. On the other hand, analysis of the selective pressure revealed the presence of negatively selected residues that could be taken into considerations as therapeutic targets. We have also created an inclusive unified database (http://covid-19.medbiotech.ma) that lists all of the genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes found in this study with phylogeographic analysis around the world.

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