scholarly journals European silver fir – an alternative for the dying Norway spruce in Białowieża Forest?

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-166
Author(s):  
Aleh Marozau ◽  
Miłosz Mielcarek ◽  
Grzegorz Krok ◽  
Rafał Paluch ◽  
Krzysztof Chiliński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in the Białowieża Forest is categorized as a crisis. It is believed that due to the cooling in the Holocene, the then-relict species of the forest, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), disappeared from its ecosystems and then spruce appeared. Today’s climate change presents challenges to our civilization, including to forestry. However, there is no information at all about how this affected the silver fir in the Białowieża Forest. In the Polish part of the forest (subcompartment 498 Сi, Białowieża Forest District), for the first time a comprehensive study has been carried out on the condition of mature fir trees planted by man and on their progeny. The results indicate high forestry-taxation indicators of trees, resistance to the abiotic factor and competitiveness. Their constitution corresponds to local environmental conditions. However, the disproportionately small number of adult natural regeneration of old firs indicated some kind of malfunction in the mechanism of natural generational change.

scholarly journals Reintroduction of the European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Białowieża Forest

10.46490/527 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleh Marozau
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Good State ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Intensive Growth

In 1996 and 1998, Professor A. Korczyk created a half-sib plantation of the European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Polish part of Białowieża Forest (Hajnówka Forest District, sub-district Wilczy Jar, subcompartments 416Ag and 416Сf). The planting was carried out in furrows at a spacing of 1.3 x 1m in three plots of 0.22 ha each in an area of fresh forest. To grow the seedlings, seeds from the “Tisovik” tract (in the Belarusian part of Białowieża Forest) were used. According to some researchers, the Abies alba in this tract has a natural origin and is a relic of Białowieża Forest. Given this circumstance, and also in connection with the mass drying-out of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), there is a practical interest in studying the growth of fir crops in this territory. The results of our studies (2018) indicated the very intensive growth of this species in 22-year-old cultures (subcompartment 416Ag, plot 1, 10 half-sib families). The trees showed no signs of disease or insect damage, the crowns were conical in shape and the shoots were densely covered with needles. The good state of the forest planting can be considered as evidence of soil hydrological conditions suitable for growth and meeting the A. alba’s ecological and biological needs, as well as confirmation of its autochthonous nature.

scholarly journals First record of Hericium flagellum (Basidiomycota) from the “Olbina” nature reserve in Wielkopolska Voivodship, Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Brygida Kujawska ◽  
Małgorzata Stasińska ◽  
Tomasz Leski ◽  
Maria Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
First Record ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Forest District

<em>Hericium flagellum</em> (Scop.) Pers. is considered a rare, wood-decaying fungus that occurs on coniferous trees, predominantly on silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>). In this paper, a new locality of <em>H. flagellum</em> in Wielkopolska Voivodship is presented, along with the macro- and micromorphological features of the collected specimens. Basidiomata of <em>H. flagellum</em> were found in November 2016 and 2017 in the “Olbina” nature reserve (ATPOL Dc-97, Kalisz Forest District), located in a continental mixed coniferous forest close to the northern border of the natural range of silver fir. In 2016, <em>H. flagellum</em> was found growing in the hollow of an old stump of silver fir, and in the following year, this fungus was recorded on a fallen log of silver fir. The implications for conservation are briefly presented. Prospects of further development of the basidiomata of <em>H. flagellum</em> in the “Olbina” reserve are also discussed.

scholarly journals Situation of Armillaria spp. and Heterobasidion spp. in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Ana Brglez ◽  
Nikica Ogris
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Current State ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pinus Spp

Species of the genus Armillaria and Heterobasidion are among the most common causes of stem and root rot in Slovenia. Armillaria spp. infects deciduous and coniferous trees, while Heterobasidion spp. mainly threatens Norway spruce (Picea abies), pines (Pinus spp.), and silver fir (Abies alba). On the basis of the data about the sanitary felling of infected trees, we estimated the current state and calculated the proportions represented in total felling, total sanitary felling, total sanitary felling due to diseases, in wood stock, and in increments from 2013 to 2017. Since 2014, there has been a constant increase in the sanitary felling of deciduous and coniferous trees due to infections with Armillaria spp. In 2017, 32,849 m3 of timber were harvested due to Armillaria spp. Given the present situation, we assume that the amount of sanitary felling will continue to increase, but it will not account for large shares in wood stock or increment (< 1 %). In 2017, sanitary felling of infected conifers represented 27.6 % of all sanitary felling due to diseases. In the case of deciduous trees, the share was lower, i.e. 7.1 %. Armillaria spp. was the main cause of sanitary felling due to disease (51.9 %) in the Postojna forest management unit (FMU), while elsewhere shares of up to 10 % were recorded. With Heterobasidion spp., the amount of felling is decreasing over the years. In 2017, 33,922 m3 of wood, accounting for 15.7 % of the total sanitary felling due to disease, were felled due to Heterobasidion spp. A comparison of the felling of Norway spruce, silver fir, and Scots pine due to Heterobasidion spp. shows the different proportions of felling within the total sanitary felling due to the diseases. In Norway spruce, it is on average 79.5 %, in silver fir 12.9 %, and in Scots pine 34.3 %. We assume that the volume of timber harvested due to Heterobasidion spp. will gradually decrease over the years due to the lower wood stocks of Norway spruce, which has recently been hit by numerous natural disasters and infestation of bark beetles. However, the incidence will be higher due to climate change affects.

scholarly journals Removal of cadmium (II) from aqueous effluents by sorption on Romanian silver fir tree bark (Abies alba Mill.) wastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Effluents ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
First Time

<p>In last decades the search for new low cost sorbents that have heavy metal ions binding capabilities is a hot topic in the field of clean-up technologies. In this study,&nbsp; wastes of&nbsp; Romanian silver tree (<em>Abies alba)</em> bark&nbsp; were explored for first time as green and economical sorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.&nbsp; The effect of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, sorbent dose, initial Cd(II) concentration, temperature and contact time has been investigated under batch conditions.&nbsp;</p> <p>The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the equilibrium isotherms and both models have been fitted very well. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum sorption capacity of Cd (II) ions on <em>Abies alba</em> bark waste was found to be 11.98<br /> mg g<sup>-1</sup> at 293 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process of Cd(II) sorption on silver fir tree bark was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Kinetic data were properly fitted with the pseudo–second order model. The obtained results strongly suggest that Romanian silver tree (<em>Abies alba)</em> bark is eligible as an efficient sorbent for the decontamination of toxic metals from wastewaters.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

Direct seeding of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) to convert Norway spruce (Picea Abies L.) forests in Europe: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Huth ◽  
Alexandra Wehnert ◽  
Katharina Tiebel ◽  
Sven Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Silver Fir

scholarly journals The first reaction of soil mite fauna (Acari, Mesostigmata) caused by conversion of Norway spruce stand in the Szklarska Poręba Forest District

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skorupski ◽  
G. Butkiewicz ◽  
A. Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Soil Mite ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Experimental Plots

To observe the first reaction of Mesostigmata mites for conversion of even aged spruce stands under conversion with common beech and silver fir, four pairs of experimental plots directly neighbouring each other were examined. On the spruce stands that started to be converted into beech or fir stands a few years ago, some significant composition and quantitative changes can be observed as regards Mesostigmata order mites. The first reaction of Mesostigmata mites after starting of forest conversion was an increasing number of mite species in the plots. On the plots with relatively close occurrence of beech, increasing number of specimens was also observed in plots under conversion. The share of Parasitidae family mites was decreased on the converted plots with relatively close occurrence of beech. On the converted spruce stands the percentage share of Uropodina suborder mites was found to increase or remain high.

scholarly journals Climate–growth relationships at different stem heights in silver fir and Norway spruce

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Breast Height

We investigated the effect of climate on variations in annual ring-area increment along the stem of dominant silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees in the Black Forest, southwestern Germany, to test the hypothesis that growth allocation changes as a result of climate fluctuations. Stem discs were taken at three different stem heights: 1.30, 11.50, and 16.70 m. For each site and stem height, average annual ring-area increment chronologies were computed. In addition, we calculated ratios between ring-area increment of the upper stem discs and the disc at breast height to compare growth variations along the stem. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed a highly similar growth pattern at different stem heights, where the two upper discs were most similar. Bootstrapped correlation coefficients between the ring-area increment chronologies, ratios, and monthly temperature, precipitation, and self-calibrated Palmer drought sensitivity index data were calculated to analyze differences in climate response. High temperatures in early summer were found to reduce growth of high-altitude fir in the upper stem parts, whereas high temperatures in summer limit growth of high-altitude fir and spruce, especially at breast height. For low-altitude trees, high temperatures as well as low precipitation amounts during summer were found to reduce growth at all stem heights, but more strongly at breast height. Growth at breast height seems to be biased, as it over- or underestimates annual ring-area increments along the stem (and thereby volume increment), particularly during warm and dry climate conditions.

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