scholarly journals Application of ZnO-nanoparticles to manage Rhizopus soft rot of sweet potato and prolong shelf-life

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Nivien A. Nafady ◽  
Saad A.M. Alamri ◽  
Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Hashem ◽  
Yasser S. Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Fungal Populations

AbstractA reduction in crop spoilage and an increase in shelf-life is the goal of effective disease control methods. This study aimed to assess ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a safe, new protectant against Rhizopus soft rot of sweet potato. ZnO-NPs had a fungicidal effect against Rhizopus stolonifer when used at concentrations above 50 ppm. The results showed that tubers treated with ZnO-NPs exhibited fewer fungal populations (1.2 CFU per segment) than those that did not receive the treatment. Tubers infected with Rhizopus stolonifer and treated with ZnO-NPs showed no visible decay for up to 15 days, indicating that ZnO-NPs act as a coating layer on tuber surface. The greatest weight loss after 15 days of storage was reported in infected tubers (8.98%), followed by infected tubers treated with ZnO (6.54%) and infected tubers treated with ZnO-NPs (3.79%). The activity of cell-wall degrading enzymes, α-amylase and cellulase, were significantly increased in both infected tubers and those treated with ZnO, compared to the tubers treated with ZnO-NPs. These results confirm that coating with ZnO-NPs is an effective method of protecting sweet potato tubers from infection, maintaining their quality and increasing their shelf-life for up to 2 months in storage.

scholarly journals Quality Characteristics of Nutri-fried Noodles Made from Sweet Potato Tubers and Tops Ipomea batatas

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine F. De Jesus ◽  
Shirley G. Dicen ◽  
Maria Crisanta M. Jarque
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Total Fat

Noodles made from sweet potato can be a healthier alternative to commercially produced ones since it is rich in vitamins and minerals. The product has no artificial preservatives, and the sweetness of its taste comes naturally from the sugar content of the Camote tubers. The project is the second phase of a study on the development of nutri-noodles made from the tubers and tops of sweet potato.  The study determined the physicochemical and microbial analysis and shelf-life of the product and verify its acceptability through quantitative testing. The sample was submitted to Department of Science and Technology Region V for analysis and the results were: 6.53% moisture, 0.13% free fatty acids and <150 CFU/g of yeast and mold count. Moreover, nutrition facts were also computed, Calories is 231, Total Fat= 4%, Cholesterol= 0%, Sodium= 4%, Total Carbohydrate= 6%, Dietary Fiber= 28%, Magnesium =13% and Vitamin B6= 12%. The shelf-life of the product is six months stored at room temperature. The Nutri-fried noodles were served with vegetable toppings, and as rated by the panelists the result was liked very much. After analyzing the quality characteristics of the product, it is recommended that the sample is ready for production and marketing.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Methods and Management of Sweet Potato on the Incidence of Tuber Rot Induced by Rhizopus stolonifer in Kano, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Bolanle Tolani Edun ◽  
Yahuza Lurwanu ◽  
Mustapha Sunusi ◽  
Rabi’u Shehu Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Tuber Rot

Different storage methods and management practices of sweet potatoes in Kano state, northwestern Nigeria, were investigated to fi nd out how they may affect the incidence of tuber rot. Three local government areas were selected for the sample collection. In each local government area, two sweet potato farming communities were selected, infected and uninfected tubers were sampled and taken to the laboratory for further studies. Pathogenicity test confi rmed Rhizopus stolonifer as the causal pathogen responsible for tuber rot and this fungus was used for the inoculation of fresh sweet potato tubers in all the storage and management methods used in the experiment. Tubers preserved using ash + sand and fungicide + sand showed the least incidence of tuber rots. Similarly, it was also observed that storage of tubers with sand alone showed a reduction in the severity of the disease across the storage weeks. There was no signifi cant difference in the incidence and severity of tuber rot between the two inoculation methods with both the treatment combinations. Our result showed that the incubation period of R. stolonifer to infect sweet potato tubers started at two days after inoculation with about 25% infection. The result also indicated that none of the tubers treated with fungicide, ash, and eucalyptus sprouted at both the storage weeks, this may be attributed to the possibility of having some inhibitory properties against sprouting.

scholarly journals First Report of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium wasabiae on Sweet Potato, Tomato, and Eggplant in Malaysia

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Golkhandan ◽  
S. Kamaruzaman ◽  
M. Sariah ◽  
M. A. Zainal Abidin ◽  
E. Nazerian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Rot Disease

In August 2011, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and eggplant (S. melongena) crops from major growing areas of the Cameron highlands and Johor state in Malaysia were affected by a soft rot disease. Disease incidence exceeded 80, 75, and 65% in severely infected fields and greenhouses of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant, respectively. The disease was characterized by dark and small water-soaked lesions or soft rot symptoms on sweet potato tubers, tomato stems, and eggplant fruits. In addition, extensive discoloration of vascular tissues, stem hollowness, and water-soaked, soft, dark green lesions that turned brown with age were observed on the stem of tomato and eggplant. A survey was performed in these growing areas and 22 isolates of the pathogen were obtained from sweet potato (12 isolates), tomato (6 isolates), and eggplant (4 isolates) on nutrient agar (NA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) (4). The cultures were incubated at 27°C for 2 days and colonies that were emerald green on EMB or white to gray on NA were selected for further studies. All bacterial cultures isolated from the survey exhibited pectolytic ability on potato slices. These bacterial isolates were gram negative; rod shaped; N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, gelatin liquefaction, and OPNG positive; and were also positive for acid production from D-galactose, lactosemelibiose, raffinose, citrate, and trehalose. They were negative for indol production, phosphatase activity, reducing substances from sucrose, and negative for acid production from maltose, sorbitol, inositol, inolin, melezitose, α-mathyl-D-glocoside, and D-arabitol. The bacteria did not grow on NA at 37°C. Based on these biochemical and morphological assays, the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium wasabiae (2). In addition, DNA was extracted and PCR assay with two primers (16SF1 and 16SR1) was performed (4). Partial sequences of 16S rRNA (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ665714, JX494234, and JX513960) of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant, respectively, exhibited a 99% identity with P. wasabiae strain SR91 (NR_026047 and NR_026047.1). A pathogenicity assay was carried out on sweet potato tubers (cv. Oren), tomato stems (cv. 152177-A), and eggplant fruits (cv. 125066x) with 4 randomly representative isolates obtained from each crop. Sweet potato tubers, tomato stems, and eggplant fruits (4 replications) were sanitized in 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 s, washed and rinsed in sterile distilled water, and needle punctured with a bacterial suspension at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml. Inoculated tubers, stems, and fruits were incubated in a moist chamber at 90 to 100% RH for 72 h at 25°C when lesions were measured. All inoculated tubers, stems, and fruits exhibited soft rot symptoms after 72 h similar to those observed in the fields and greenhouses and the same bacteria were consistently reisolated. Symptoms were not observed on controls. The pathogenicty test was repeated with similar results. P. wasabiae have been previously reported to cause soft rot on Japanese horseradish (3), and aerial stem rot on potato in New Zealand (4), the U.S. (2), and Iran (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant soft rot caused by P. wasabiae in Malaysia. References: (1) S. Baghaee-Ravari et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129:413, 2011. (2) S. De Boer and A. Kelman. Page 56 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 3rd ed. N. Schaad et al., eds. APS Press, St. Paul, 2001. (3) M. Goto et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:130, 1987. (4) A. R. Pitman et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126:423, 2010.

scholarly journals Engineered Nanomaterials Suppress the Soft Rot Disease (Rhizopus stolonifer) and Slow Down the Loss of Nutrient in Sweet Potato

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2572
Author(s):  
Lin-Jiang Pang ◽  
Muhammed Adeel ◽  
Noman Shakoor ◽  
Ke-Rui Guo ◽  
Dai-Fu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

About 45% of the world’s fruit and vegetables are wasted, resulting in postharvest losses and contributing to economic losses ranging from $10 billion to $100 billion worldwide. Soft rot disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer leads to postharvest storage losses of sweet potatoes. Nanoscience stands as a new tool in our arsenal against these mounting challenges that will restrict efforts to achieve and maintain global food security. In this study, three nanomaterials (NMs) namely C60, CuO, and TiO2 were evaluated for their potential application in the restriction of Rhizopus soft rot disease in two cultivars of sweet potato (Y25, J26). CuO NM exhibited a better antifungal effect than C60 and TiO2 NMs. The contents of three important hormones, indolepropionic acid (IPA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA-3), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the infected J26 sweet potato treated with 50 mg/L CuO NM were significantly higher than those of the control by 14.5%, 10.8%, and 24.1%. CuO and C60 NMs promoted antioxidants in both cultivars of sweet potato. Overall, CuO NM at 50 mg/L exhibited the best antifungal properties, followed by TiO2 NM and C60 NM, and these results were further confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The use of CuO NMs as an antifungal agent in the prevention of Rhizopus stolonifer infections in sweet potatoes could greatly reduce postharvest storage and delivery losses.

Diseases of the kumara crop

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 402-402
Author(s):  
S.L. Lewthwaite ◽  
P.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Pink Rot

The predominant diseases of the commercial kumara (Ipomoea batatas) or sweetpotato crop are caused by fungal pathogens The field disease pink rot results from infection by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lesions form on vines but may spread down stems to the roots The widespread nature of this disease in sweetpotato appears peculiar to New Zealand Scurf is a disease caused by Monilochaetes infuscans which occurs in the field but may proliferate amongst stored roots The disease causes a superficial discolouration of the root surface which is mainly cosmetic but can also increase root water loss in storage Infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata produces a disease known as black rot The disease can be transmitted amongst plants at propagation but is particularly rampant amongst roots in storage This disease is readily transmitted and can cause severe economic loss Fusarium oxysporum causes surface rots in stored roots characterised by light to dark brown lesions that tend to be firm dry and superficial The lesions may be circular and centred on wounds caused by insects or mechanical damage at harvest Soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer generally occurs in roots after they are washed and prepared for the market Fungal infection occurs through wounds or bruised tissue producing distinctive tufts of white fungal strands and black spores

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Obtained from Chemical versus Saponaria officinalis Extract-Mediated Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Tănase ◽  
Maria Marinescu ◽  
Petruta Oancea ◽  
Adina Răducan ◽  
Catalin Ionut Mihaescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Saponaria Officinalis

In the present work, the properties of ZnO nanoparticles obtained using an eco-friendly synthesis (biomediated methods in microwave irradiation) were studied. Saponaria officinalis extracts were used as both reducing and capping agents in the green nanochemistry synthesis of ZnO. Inorganic zinc oxide nanopowders were successfully prepared by a modified hydrothermal method and plant extract-mediated method. The influence of microwave irradiation was studied in both cases. The size, composition, crystallinity and morphology of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM-EDX microscopy. Tunings of the nanochemistry reaction conditions (Zn precursor, structuring agent), ZnO NPs with various shapes were obtained, from quasi-spherical to flower-like. The optical properties and photocatalytic activity (degradation of methylene blue as model compound) were also investigated. ZnO nanopowders’ antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains to evidence the influence of the vegetal extract-mediated synthesis on the biological activity.

scholarly journals High-CO2 Treatment Prolongs the Postharvest Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruits by Reducing Decay and Cell Wall Degradation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Hyang-Lan Eum ◽  
Seung-Hyun Han ◽  
Eun-Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Co2 Treatment

Improved methods are needed to extend the shelf life of strawberry fruits. The objective of this study was to determine the postharvest physiological mechanism of high-CO2 treatment in strawberries. Harvested strawberries were stored at 10 °C after 3 h of exposure to a treatment with 30% CO2 or air. Pectin and gene expression levels related to cell wall degradation were measured to assess the high-CO2 effects on the cell wall and lipid metabolism. Strawberries subjected to high-CO2 treatment presented higher pectin content and firmness and lower decay than those of control fruits. Genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes (pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, and pectate lyase) were downregulated after high-CO2 treatment. High-CO2 induced the expression of oligogalacturonides, thereby conferring defense against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruits, and lowering the decay incidence at seven days after its inoculation. Our findings suggest that high-CO2 treatment can maintain strawberry quality by reducing decay and cell wall degradation.

Microbiote shift in sequencing batch reactors in response to antimicrobial ZnO nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (111) ◽  
pp. 110108-110111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghui Liu ◽  
Huifang Zhou ◽  
Jiefeng Liu ◽  
Xudong Yin ◽  
Yufeng Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Zno Nps

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been monitored in wastewater treatment plants as their potential adverse effects on functional microorganisms have been causing increasing concern.

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