scholarly journals Selection of the Most Reliable Method for the Analysis of Inhibitory Substances in Raw and Skimmed Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
S. Hriciková ◽  
I. Kožárová
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Skimmed Milk

Abstract Milk used for human consumption must comply with the European Union legislative requirements for residues of inhibitory substances in milk, the values of which must not exceed the established maximum residue limit. In order to ensure the quality and safety of milk and milk products placed on the market, the presence of residues of inhibitory substances should be monitored and verified. The aim of our study was to select the most reliable method for the analysis of residues of inhibitory substances in milk. In the search for the most reliable method, a total of 49 milk samples were tested in the form of raw milk, skimmed milk and skimmed-milk powder throughout the agri-food chain. For comparison, the microbial inhibition tests Eclipse 50, Eclipse Farm, Explorer 2.0, Delvotest®, Premi®Test and the fast receptor screening test TwinSensor were used. The most relevant results were obtained by the Eclipse 50 and Eclipse Farm tests, the reliability of which were also confirmed by the Explorer 2.0 and Premi®Test tests. Moreover, according to the State Veterinary and Food Administration of the Slovak Republic, Eclipse 50 is an official reference method for the determination of residues of inhibitory substances in milk. Therefore, we can only state that of all the methods used, the Eclipse 50 seems to be the most reliable for routine control analysis of residues of inhibitory substances in all types of milk.

scholarly journals Destabilizing intervention in EU dairy markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mieczysław Olipra
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Skimmed Milk Powder ◽  
Price Spread ◽  
The Eu

Butter and skimmed milk powder (SMP) are considered to be primary dairy commodities as they enable storage of fat and protein. The spread between butter and SMP prices in the European Union (EU) has been stable for many years. However, in 2016, butter prices suddenly increased to reach extremely high levels while SMP prices remained low. As a consequence, the price spread between milk fat and protein has surged, leading to severe imbalance in the EU dairy market. Some professionals argue that the main reason for this occurrence are large intervention stocks of SMP accumulated by the European Commission (EC) which weigh on prices. Nevertheless, no one has yet proved the existence of a causal relationship between the intervention stocks accumulated by the EC and the butter/SMP price spread. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to test that hypothesis. The causality between the EC intervention stocks and the butter/SMP price spread was tested using the Granger causality approach. The results show that the difference between butter and SMP intervention stocks accumulated by the EC Granger-causes the butter/SMP price spread while there is no causality in the opposite direction, which supports the hypothesis tested.

scholarly journals Evaluation and validation of an alternative method to detect Campylobacter spp. in dairy products

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Walter Vencia ◽  
Valeria Fedele ◽  
Giulia Mignone ◽  
Fabrizio Lazzara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Foods implicated in human campylobacteriosis include raw or undercooked poultry and raw dairy products. Because Campylobacter spp. are the most frequently reported cause of bacterial infection in the European Union and because conventional methods are cumbersome, rapid methods for Campylobacter detection and quantification in food are needed. With this study we sought to validate, according to the standard procedure (UNI EN ISO 16140:2003), an alternative to the reference analytical method (UNI EN ISO 10272- 1:2006) for official controls of Campylobacter spp. in raw milk and dairy products. Milk samples collected from 16 milk vending machines located throughout the Genoa metropolitan area were analyzed using two different methods, an enzymelinked fluorescent assay (ELFA) and a real-time PCR assay, and evaluated in parallel against the reference method. In addition, a total of 460 samples of raw milk collected from milk vending machines were analyzed by ELFA. Results obtained with ELFA showed it was compliant with UNI EN ISO 10272-1:2006 criteria and that the immunoassay had 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Regarding samples of milk vending machines, 5.0% (23/460) tested positive at ELFA screening and were subsequently confirmed as C. jejuni. Validation according to UNI EN ISO 16140:2003 of the ELFA method suggests it may be a useful alternative to conventional methods for detecting Campylobacter spp. in official controls.

Qualitative Detection of Tetracycline Residues in Milk with a Luminescence-Based Microbial Method: The Effect of Milk Composition and Assay Performance in Relation to an Immunoassay and a Microbial Inhibition Assay

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSSI KURITTU ◽  
STEFAN LÖNNBERG ◽  
MARKO VIRTA ◽  
MATTI KARP
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

Performance of Tet-Lux, a newly developed microbiological test for the detection of tetracycline residues in raw milk, based on tetracycline-controlled luminescence activation of the test bacteria, was evaluated in bovine milks with variable amounts of somatic cells, bacteria, fat, protein, and natural inhibitory compounds. The sensitivity of Tet-Lux was also compared to a commercially available tetracycline immunoassay (Snap, Idexx Laboratories Inc.) and to a microbial inhibition test (Delvotest SP, Gist-Brogades). There were slight differences in the luminescence signals between different milk samples, but no single factor could be pointed out to be responsible for them. There appeared to be a modest inverse relationship between luminescence and increasing fat and protein content. The amount of somatic cells, bacteria, and the natural inhibitors lysozyme and lactoferrin did not affect the luminescence response. The test fulfilled the sensitivity requirement specified by the European Union (maximum residue limit 100 ng/ml for tetracyclines). The Tet-Lux test was clearly more sensitive to all tetracyclines tested (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, methacycline, minocycline) than Delvotest SP, and for five tetracyclines out of seven more sensitive than Snap. The test provides a fast, simple, and robust microbial method for the qualitative detection of tetracycline residues in milk.

scholarly journals Tracking the Dairy Microbiota from Farm Bulk Tank to Skimmed Milk Powder

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife J. McHugh ◽  
Conor Feehily ◽  
Mark A. Fenelon ◽  
David Gleeson ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Skimmed Milk Powder

ABSTRACT Microorganisms from the environment can enter the dairy supply chain at multiple stages, including production, milk collection, and processing, with potential implications for quality and safety. The ability to track these microorganisms can be greatly enhanced by the use of high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS). Here HTS, both 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were applied to investigate the microbiomes of fresh mid- and late-lactation milk collected from farm bulk tanks, collection tankers, milk silos, skimmed milk silos, a cream silo, and powder samples to investigate the microbial changes throughout a skim milk powder manufacturing process. 16S rRNA gene analysis established that the microbiota of raw milks from farm bulk tanks and in collection tankers were very diverse but that psychrotrophic genera associated with spoilage, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, were present in all samples. Upon storage within the whole-milk silo at the processing facility, the species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acinetobacter baumannii became dominant. The skimmed milk powder generated during the mid-lactation period had a microbial composition that was very different from that of raw milk; specifically, two thermophilic genera, Thermus and Geobacillus, were enriched. In contrast, the microbiota of skimmed milk powder generated from late-lactation milk more closely resembled that of the raw milk and was dominated by spoilage-associated psychrotrophic bacteria. This study demonstrates that the dairy microbiota can differ significantly across different sampling days. More specifically, HTS can be used to trace microbial species from raw milks through processing to final powdered products. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms can enter and persist in dairy at several stages of the processing chain. Detection of microorganisms within dairy food processing is currently a time-consuming and often inaccurate process. This study provides evidence that high-throughput sequencing can be used as an effective tool to accurately identify microorganisms along the processing chain. In addition, it demonstrates that the populations of microbes change from raw milk to the end product. Routine implementation of high-throughput sequencing would elucidate the factors that influence population dynamics. This will enable a manufacturer to adopt control measures specific to each stage of processing and respond in an effective manner, which would ultimately lead to increased food safety and quality.

What's eating North America's edible insect industry? An examination of psychological, cultural and regulatory barriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Christl Li ◽  
Sean B. Cash ◽  
Julie Lesnik ◽  
Timothy S. Griffin ◽  
Joel Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Structural Barrier ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
Specific Regulation

Abstract Although research has demonstrated the positive nutritional value and environmental benefits associated with edible insect consumption, several factors challenge the growth and development of the edible insect industry for human consumption in the US and Canada. Cultural and psychological factors account for much of the aversion US and Canadian consumers display. The absence of specific regulation also constitutes a structural barrier to more widespread production and sale of edible insects. Compared to the US, the European Union has a more developed edible insect industry and has enacted legislation that removes some of the barriers. As consumer awareness of the putative health benefits of edible insects increases, more comprehensive regulations may emerge to keep pace with the growth of this industry. Overall, a multi-disciplinary approach that addresses both benefits and barriers to consumption is needed to facilitate a robust market for edible insects in the US and Canada.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of dicarboxylic fatty acids in head tissue of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Lehnert ◽  
Mamun M. Rashid ◽  
Benoy Kumar Barman ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.

Price and volatility transmission in, and between, skimmed milk powder, livestock feed and oil markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Bergmann ◽  
Declan O’Connor ◽  
Andreas Thümmel
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Multivariate Garch ◽  
Volatility Transmission ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Multivariate Garch Model ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Derivative Markets ◽  
Skimmed Milk Powder

Price and volatility transmission effects between European Union (EU) and World skimmed milk powder (SMP) prices, as well as those between both SMP series, soybeans and crude oil prices from 2004 to 2014 were analysed using a vector error correction model combined with a multivariate GARCH model. The results show significant transmission effects between EU and World SMP prices, but no significant transmission effects from soybeans or crude oil to either of the SMP prices. For policymakers and modellers, these results indicate the need to consider World SMP prices when considering EU prices. On the other hand, the finding of no transmission effects from soybean to SMP prices reduces the opportunity for a successful cross-hedging for dairy commodities using well-established soybean derivative markets.

scholarly journals Bulk tank somatic cell count and associated microbial quality of milk from selected dairy cattle herds in Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Olatoye ◽  
Adesola Amosun ◽  
Uzo Ogbu ◽  
Yemi Okunlade
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Improvement of traditional and nomadic milk production through dairy development program in Nigeria requires routine quality and safety monitoring of milk both at herd level and milk collection centers. A total of 411 bulk raw milk samples aseptically obtained from Ibarapa, Oyo and Oke-Ogun industrial milk collection centers were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), Bulk Somatic Cell Count (BSCC) and bacteriological analysis for assessment of quality and safety of milk from the herds. One hundred and seven (26.0%) of the samples were CMT positive, while 74.0% were negative to CMT. The overall mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 1.27×103 ± cells/mL, 1.12×103± 34 cfu/mL, 97.8±9.8 cfu/mL in the CMT negative milk samples while for the strong positive samples the mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 4.33×106 ± cells/mL, 2.35×106 ± 453 cfu/mL, 189.3±41.1 cfu/mL respectively; these were higher than the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance acceptable limits. Positive correlation was found between CMT scores and bacterial contamination and between CMT scores and SCC was recorded. About 26.0% of the samples with positive CMT could be considered unsafe due to strong correlation with microbial contamination that could result in milk borne zoonoses and public health hazards. However, a greater proportion (76.9%) of the milk with negative CMT scores could be safe for human consumption after post-harvest pasteurization. Consequently, there is need to improve handling, environmental and milking hygiene; as well as proper herd and udder health management to improve quality and safety of Nigeria dairy products.

scholarly journals Identity Preservation of Genetically Modified Organisms in the Food Chain: Requirements, Methods, and Costs

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Supply Chain

Abstract The use of the technology of genetic modification (GM) in European agriculture and the food supply chain is currently controversial. Because of strong anti-GM technology sentiments, the use of ingredients derived from plants containing GM have largely been eliminated from foods manufactured for direct human consumption by the food supply chain in much of the European Union (EU). During the past year, the attention of those opposed to the technology has turned to the use of GM ingredients in livestock production systems by incorporation of GM soy and maize in animal feed. A discussion is presented of the key issues relating to this subject, focusing on how supplies of GM or non-GM products are segregated or how their identities are preserved. The discussion is centered on GM maize and soybeans into which agronomic traits, such as herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance, have been incorporated. These are currently the only crops into which some varieties containing GM have been approved for use in the EU.

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