scholarly journals Influence of a Maximal Incremental Test Until Exhaustion on the Urinary Excretion of Steroid Hormones in Trained Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Víctor Toro-Román ◽  
Diego Muñoz ◽  
Jesús Siquier-Coll ◽  
Ignacio Bartolomé ◽  
María Concepción Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Monitoring Training ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Abstract This study aimed to assess the effect of a maximum incremental stress test through urinary concentrations of steroid hormones in trained cyclists. Twenty male cyclists participated in the study (23.83 ± 2.3 years; 1.76 ± 0.03 m; 66.94 ± 3.59 kg; training volume: 20.50 ± 2.35 h/week). Athletes performed a maximum incremental test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer and urine samples were collected at three different time points: before, immediately after, and 48 h after the test. Lactate, creatinine and urinary concentrations of testicular and adrenal androgens were obtained as well as urinary concentrations of glucocorticoid hormones. An increase in lactate was observed after the test (p < 0.01). There were decreases in the urinary excretion of androgenic hormones after the test, which were significant in testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione, total adrenal androgen and total testicular androgen (p < 0.05). The values were restored after 48 h (p < 0.05). Urinary cortisol concentrations decreased after the test (p < 0.05). A decrease was also observed in the ratio of anabolic/catabolic hormones (p < 0.05) increasing 48 h after the test (p < 0.05). Increased acute physical exercise until exhaustion causes variations in the urinary excretions of steroid hormones which were restored 48 h after exercise. Urinary excretion of steroid hormones could be a valid method of monitoring training loads.

URINARY EXCRETION OF FREE CORTISOL IN HYPERCALCAEMIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schønau Jorgensen ◽  
H. Kehlet
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Free Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion

ABSTRACT Human and animal studies have uniformly demonstrated increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity during acute hypercalcaemia. The HPA-activity during chronic hypercalcaemia was investigated by means of free urinary cortisol excretion. No difference in HPA activity could be demonstrated between a hyperparathyroid hypercalcaemic and a normocalcaemic group of patients. Based on these results it is suggested that during chronic hypercalcaemia, the HPA feed back mechanism overcomes the influence of hypercalcaemia on the HPA-axis.

Role of the cycle ergometer stress test in chest pain with low-intermediate risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. e156-e157
Author(s):  
Paolo Scarinzi ◽  
Marta Biolo ◽  
Chiara Panzavolta ◽  
Lisa Benvegnù ◽  
Alois Saller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Intermediate Risk

scholarly journals The effects of ACTH on steroid metabolomic profiles in human adrenal cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yewei Xing ◽  
Michael A Edwards ◽  
Clarence Ahlem ◽  
Mike Kennedy ◽  
Anthony Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Adrenal Cell ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
Acth Treatment

The adrenal glands are the primary source of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and the so-called adrenal androgens. Under physiological conditions, cortisol and adrenal androgen synthesis are controlled primarily by ACTH. Although it is well established that ACTH can stimulate steroidogenesis in the human adrenal gland, the effect of ACTH on overall production of different classes of steroid hormones has not been defined. In this study, we examined the effect of ACTH on the production of 23 steroid hormones in adult adrenal primary cultures and 20 steroids in the adrenal cell line, H295R. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that, in primary adrenal cell cultures, cortisol and corticosterone were the two most abundant steroid hormones produced with or without ACTH treatment (48 h). Cortisol production responded the most to ACTH treatment, with a 64-fold increase. Interestingly, the production of two androgens, androstenedione and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA), that were also produced in large amounts under basal conditions significantly increased after ACTH incubation. In H295R cells, 11-deoxycortisol and androstenedione were the major products under basal conditions. Treatment with forskolin increased the percentage of 11β-hydroxylated products, including cortisol and 11OHA. This study illustrates that adrenal cells respond to ACTH through the secretion of a variety of steroid hormones, thus supporting the role of adrenal cells as a source of both corticosteroids and androgens.

scholarly journals Assessment of Measurement Reliability for the IPN Test in Cardiac Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
Agnieszka Skiba ◽  
Iwona Sulowska ◽  
Marcin Trębowicz ◽  
Bartosz Rukasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Patient Load ◽  
Short Test

Cardiological diagnostics use maximal and submaximal tests with increasing load. Maximal stress tests are currently considered the gold standard. The Institut für Prävention und Nachsorge, Cologne (IPN) test may be an alternative when maximal patient load is not indicated. The universality of the test is well-documented in sport, but the reliability of this test is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess between-trial and between-day reliability for parameters assessed by the IPN stress test in cardiological patients.: In a study of 24 patients aged 39 to 79 years with cardiovascular diseases, the IPN cycle ergometer short test was performed (submaximal performance test). The reliability of heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, absolute power at submaximal load, relative performance at submaximal load and target heart rate were assessed. Good (Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values ranged from 0.832 to 0.894) and excellent (ICC values ranged from 0.904 to 0.969) between-trial reliability was noted. Between-day reliability was good (ICC values from 0.777 to 0.895) and excellent (ICC values from 0.922 to 0.950). The obtained results suggest that the IPN test may be a reliable tool for use in the assessment of cardiological patients, avoiding the implementation of maximal efforts when excessive patient load is not recommended.

Serum levels of adrenal androgens up to adrenarche in Peruvian children living at sea level and at high altitude

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Goñez ◽  
A. Villena ◽  
G. F. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACT Serum levels of adrenal androgens were measured in children of both sexes living at sea level and at high altitude using a cross-sectional design. The levels were compared in relation to age at each altitude (150 m and 3400 m above sea level), and the first significant increase in mean levels compared with values at preceding ages was assessed and defined as adrenarche. A total of 118 boys and 95 girls aged 6–12 years living at low altitude and 95 boys and 104 girls aged 7–15 years living at high altitude, all of them attending public schools, were studied. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androstenedione were measured by radioimmunoassay and height and weight by standard anthropometric techniques. There were two significant increases in serum levels of adrenal androgens, the first observed in children between 6 and 8 years at sea level, and between 7 and 9 years at high altitude, and the second in children between 10 and 12 years at sea level and between 12 and 15 years at high altitude. Serum adrenal androgen levels increased earlier in children at sea level than at high altitude. It is concluded that adrenarche occurs later at high altitude than at sea level. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 517–523

scholarly journals Adrenarche in nonhuman primates: the evidence for it and the need to redefine it

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Conley ◽  
R M Bernstein ◽  
A D Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Old World ◽  
Developmental Event ◽  
Androgen Secretion ◽  
Definition Of

Adrenarche is most commonly defined as a prepubertal increase in circulating adrenal androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfo-conjugate (DHEAS). This event is thought to have evolved in humans and some great apes but not in Old World monkeys, perhaps to promote brain development. Whether adrenarche represents a shared, derived developmental event in humans and our closest relatives, adrenal androgen secretion (and its regulation) is of considerable clinical interest. Specifically, adrenal androgens play a significant role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian disease and breast and prostate cancers. Understanding the development of androgen secretion by the human adrenal cortex and identifying a suitable model for its study are therefore of central importance for clinical and evolutionary concerns. This review will examine the evidence for adrenarche in nonhuman primates (NHP) and suggest that a broader definition of this developmental event is needed, including morphological, biochemical, and endocrine criteria. Using such a definition, evidence from recent studies suggests that adrenarche evolved in Old World primates but spans a relatively brief period early in development compared with humans and some great apes. This emphasizes the need for frequent longitudinal sampling in evaluating developmental changes in adrenal androgen secretion as well as the tenuous nature of existing evidence of adrenarche in some species among the great apes. Central to an understanding of the regulation of adrenal androgen production in humans is the recognition of the complex nature of adrenarche and the need for more carefully conducted comparative studies and a broader definition in order to promote investigation among NHP in particular.

Validity and Reliability of the Huet Questionnaire to Assess Maximal Oxygen Uptake

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Trivel ◽  
Paul Calmels ◽  
Luc Léger ◽  
Thierry Busso ◽  
Xavier Devillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Validity And Reliability

The usual fitness tests available to assess maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] a key fitness component, are not particularly useful for epidemiological studies. Questionnaires to assess [Formula: see text] however, are simple, easy to use, and inexpensive. In 1986, Huet developed such a French general questionnaire, which now also has an English version. Its simplicity is interesting as it could be used to survey large populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of this Huet questionnaire in a sample of healthy French volunteers. A total of 108 subjects were included in this study, 88 males and 20 females. The validity of the questionnaire was checked using correlation coefficients and a Bland-Altman plot between questionnaire estimations and measures of [Formula: see text] obtained with a stress test on a cycle ergometer. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also calculated to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Significant correlation was obtained with the Huet questionnaire and measured [Formula: see text] (r2 = 0.77, p = 0.0001, SEE = 5.97 ml•kg−1•min−1, n = 108). The ICC showed very high reliability (ICC = 0.988, n = 21). The Huet questionnaire is an easy, rapidly administered tool that correlated highly with [Formula: see text] in this sample population. Key words: physical activity, epidemiology, evaluation

Acute effects of an arginine-based supplement on neuromuscular, ventilatory, and metabolic fatigue thresholds during cycle ergometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana B. Zak ◽  
Clayton L. Camic ◽  
Ethan C. Hill ◽  
Molly M. Monaghan ◽  
Attila J. Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Fatigue Threshold ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Mean Differences

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an acute dose of an arginine-based supplement on the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT), lactate threshold (LT), ventilatory threshold (VT), and peak oxygen uptake during incremental cycle ergometry. This study used a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, within-subjects crossover design. Nineteen untrained men (mean age ± SD = 22.0 ± 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to ingest either the supplement (3.0 g of arginine, 300 mg of grape seed extract, and 300 mg of polyethylene glycol) or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) and performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer for determination of PWCFT, LT, VT, and peak oxygen uptake. Following a 1-week period, the subjects returned to the laboratory and ingested the opposite substance (either supplement or placebo) prior to completing another incremental test to be reassessed for PWCFT, LT, VT, and peak oxygen uptake. The paired-samples t tests indicated there were significant (P < 0.05) mean differences between the arginine and placebo conditions for the PWCFT (192 ± 42 vs. 168 ± 53 W, respectively) and VT (2546 ± 313 vs. 2452 ± 342 mL·min−1), but not the LT (135 ± 26 vs. 138 ± 22 W), absolute peak oxygen uptake (3663 ± 445 vs. 3645 ± 438 mL·min−1), or relative peak oxygen uptake (46.5 ± 6.0 vs. 46.2 ± 5.0 mL·kg−1·min−1). These findings suggested that the arginine-based supplement may be used on an acute basis for delaying the onset of neuromuscular fatigue (i.e., PWCFT) and improving the VT in untrained individuals.

scholarly journals A Greek girl with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency due to compound heterozygosity for two novel mutations in CYP11B1 gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisanthi Marakaki ◽  
Anna Papadopoulou ◽  
Olga Karapanou ◽  
Dimitrios T Papadimitriou ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
List Type ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency

Summary 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, accounts for 5–8% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In Greece, no cases of 11β-OHD have been described so far. The patient presented at the age of 13 months with mild virilization of external genitalia and pubic hair development since the age of 3 months. Hormonal profile showed elevated 11-deoxycortisol, adrenal androgens and ACTH levels. ACTH stimulation test was compatible with 11β-OHD. DNA of the proband and her parents was isolated and genotyped for CYP11B1 gene coding cytochrome P450c11. The girl was found to be compound heterozygous for two CYP11B1 novel mutations, p.Ala386Glu (exon 7), inherited from the father and p.Leu471Argin (exon 9) from the mother. Hydrocortisone supplementation therapy was initiated. Four years after presentation she remains normotensive, her growth pattern is normal and the bone age remains advanced despite adequate suppression of adrenal androgens. Learning points 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) deficiency (11OHD; OMIM +202010) is the second most common cause of CAH accounting for approximately 5–8% of cases with an incidence of 1:100 000–1:200 000 live births in non-consanguineous populations. Two CYP11B1 inactivating novel mutations, p.Ala386Glu and p.Leu471Arg are reported Regarding newborn females, in utero androgen excess results in ambiguous genitalia, whereas in the male newborn diagnosis may go undetected. In infancy and childhood adrenal androgen overproduction results in peripheral precocious puberty in boys and various degrees of virilization in girls. Accumulation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and its metabolites causes hypertension in about two thirds of patients. Diagnosis lies upon elevated 11-deoxycortisol and DOC plus upstream precursors, such as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione. The established treatment of steroid 11β-OHD is similar to that of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency and consists of glucocorticoid administration in order to reduce ACTH-driven DOC overproduction resulting in hypertension remission and improvement of the virilization symptoms.

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