scholarly journals Learning by outward and inward internationalization and the outward/inward innovativeness of firms in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Szymura-Tyc
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Organizational Innovativeness ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Formative Variables ◽  
Degree Of Internationalization

Abstract Many studies raise the issue of relationships between internationalization and innovativeness, linking them with firms’ international competitiveness. However, very few of these studies focus on the influence of internationalization on innovativeness and regard the multifaceted nature of these two concepts. The study presented in this paper is based on a holistic approach to internationalization and innovativeness. It explores the influence of the outward (e.g. exporting, outward FDI) and inward (e.g. importing, inward FDI) internationalization on the outward (product and marketing) and inward (process and organizational) innovativeness of 274 firms in Poland, adopting formative variables and a correlations analysis. The key contribution of the research is that the outward internationalization is conducive to both the outward and inward innovativeness, while the inward internationalization supports only the inward innovativeness. It shows that learning by outward and inward internationalization supports innovativeness of firms, responsible for their international competitiveness. The findings might be unique for transition and emerging economies characterized with a low degree of internationalization and innovativeness, while the holistic approach is more universal, and might bring interesting results when applied to the research of highly advanced economies.

scholarly journals Some twins are not alike: FDI premia in the former Soviet states

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Gattai ◽  
Rajssa Mechelli ◽  
Piergiovanna Natale
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Paper Document ◽  
Cross Country

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate foreign direct investment (FDI) premia in the former Soviet states.Design/methodology/approachThe authors follow an empirical approach. Using Orbis data for a sample of more than 3,000 companies, the authors characterize FDI involvement and FDI premia of firms from three distinctive groups of former Soviet states, designated “upper-middle”-income, “lower-middle”-income and “high”-income countries. This yields interesting within-group and between-group results on the effects of outward FDI (OFDI) and inward FDI (IFDI) on firm-level innovation.FindingsThe authors unveil new facts about innovation and FDI in the former Soviet states. FDI firms innovate more than non-FDI firms and OFDI firms innovate more than IFDI firms. The innovation effect of OFDI is the largest for firms from the “lower-middle” countries, followed by the “high” and “upper-middle” countries. The innovation effect of IFDI is the largest for firms from the “lower-middle” countries, followed by the “upper-middle” and “high” countries. FDI to and from Europe has the largest impact on innovation; this holds across country groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe estimates of this paper document robust FDI premia, i.e., a positive and significant correlation between firm-level innovation and FDI. However, the cross-sectional nature of the data does not permit a proper causality analysis.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on FDI premia by: considering IFDI and OFDI in a unified empirical framework; dissecting IFDI and OFDI by location; measuring firm-level productivity in terms of innovation; and providing cross-country comparable evidence on both emerging and advanced economies. At the same time, the paper contributes to the literature on FDI from emerging economies by: taking a firm-level quantitative approach; focusing on a relatively unexplored set of countries; and providing comparable cross-country evidence on both emerging and advanced economies.

scholarly journals Motivations for Outward FDI from Emerging Economies to Advanced Economies: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Nandom Yakubu ◽  
Aziza Hashi Abokor ◽  
Iliasu Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
India And China ◽  
Oli Paradigm

Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from emerging economies in recent years has experienced rapid growth, especially from the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) economies. This has gained much attention from international business researchers. The present study assessed the motivations for the outward FDI from emerging economies to advanced economies based on literature review. The paper revealed that market seeking, natural resource seeking, strategic asset seeking, efficiency seeking, and home government support motivate firms from emerging economies to invest in advanced economies. However, efficiency seeking least motivates China’s outward FDI due to its low labour cost. The study also made an evaluation of the existing theories of FDI to determine whether they adequately explain such investments. Based on the evaluation, the OLI Paradigm and the ResourceBased View do not adequately provide a plausible explanation for such investments. However, emerging economies outward FDI to advanced economies seemed to be adequately explained by the Institutional Theory.

scholarly journals Commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Amalia Morales-Zumaquero
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Pass Through

AbstractThis paper analyses the commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain for the global commodity price index and the indices of its main categories (i.e., agricultural raw materials, food and beverages, energy and metals) in the world, advanced and emerging economies. To do so, the study considers country-by-country vector autoregression models and pool the results by taking weighted means for 18 advanced economies and 19 emerging countries, as well as for the world (defined as the sum of advanced and emerging economies). The results show the following: (i) there is evidence in favour of partial pass-through from commodity prices to producer prices, although the evidence for the pass-through to consumer prices is less evident; (ii) the pass-through in the world seems to be led by both advanced and emerging countries for producer prices and only by advanced economies for consumer prices; (iii) higher prices in the four categories (agricultural raw materials only in the short-run) induce significant higher producer prices in almost all cases, with shocks in the prices of energy and metals showing the largest effects; and (iv) energy prices explain the highest variability of producer and consumer prices.

scholarly journals Uticaj nacionalne kulture na organizacionu strukturu preduzeca u Srbiji

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (156) ◽  
pp. 45-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Janicijevic
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Organizational Restructuring ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Female Values

The paper aims to point out the limitations of the partial and the need for a holistic approach to researching the influences of national culture on the management. Using the case study of organizational restructuring of Serbian enterprises, the paper shows how the complete understanding of the influences of national culture on management will be possible only if all dimensions of the national culture are simultaneously included in the analysis. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the low degree of formalization of Serbian companies' organizational structure, even with a high degree of uncertainty avoidance in Serbian national culture, results from the forces of collectivism and "female" values in this culture.

External balance sheets of emerging economies: low-yielding assets, high-yielding liabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-252
Author(s):  
YılmaZ Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Financial Shocks ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Income Transfers ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
External Balance ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Foreign Assets ◽  
New Millennium

The new millennium has witnessed a rapid expansion of external balance sheets and significant changes in the capital, currency and sectoral compositions of foreign assets and liabilities of emerging economies. These have created new channels of transmission of global financial shocks and amplified the susceptibility of the value of their outstanding stocks of gross foreign assets and liabilities to global financial conditions, leading to sizeable wealth transfers between emerging and advanced economies. They have also resulted in significant income transfers in view of negative yield differentials between their gross external assets and liabilities. Altogether, such transfers to advanced economies are estimated to have reached 2.3 per cent of the combined GDP of the G20 emerging economies per annum during 2000–2016.

scholarly journals Institutional Quality, FDI, and Productivity: A Theoretical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Pervasive Technology ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Technology Upgrading

While many important links between institutional quality and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and/or between inward FDI and economic development through productivity growth have been uncovered, the full links between emerging and advanced economies are not yet well understood. This paper develops a model of FDI with an explicit distinction between the two economies where domestic and multinational firms using different technologies compete on the final good market and highlights the institutional quality–FDI–productivity link within a unified theoretical general equilibrium framework. We show that an improvement of institutional quality in the emerging economies induces pervasive technology-upgrading effects in the advanced economies, which generates aggregate productivity gains.

scholarly journals Governance quality, foreign direct investment, and entrepreneurship in emerging markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-264
Author(s):  
Nam Hoai Tran ◽  
Chi Dat Le
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the interplay between institutions, foreign direct investment (FDI) and entrepreneurship in the context of emerging markets (EMs). Design/methodology/approach The authors argue that the impact of FDI on entrepreneurial activity depends on different natures of capital flow and entrepreneurial motivation and relates to the quality of institutional environment. First, the roles of inward and outward FDI are examined in connection with the new firm creation by opportunity- and necessity-motivated entrepreneurs. Second, the integrated influences of (inward/outward) FDI and governance quality (GQ) on (opportunity/necessity) entrepreneurship are tested. This nexus of relationships is analyzed through segmented regressions using the GEM data of 39 EMs over the 2004–2015 period. Findings It is evidenced that the quality of governance infrastructure affects the relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship: in emerging countries with low GQ, opportunity entrepreneurship is stimulated by inward FDI and diminished by outward FDI; and in emerging countries with high GQ, necessity entrepreneurship is discouraged by inward FDI and promoted by outward FDI. Practical implications This research has implications for the institutional context-based execution of public policy in emerging economies. As the entrepreneurial effects of inward and outward FDI are pronounced differently under the two types of entrepreneurship and the two extremes of GQ, public policy makers who recognize the catalytic role of FDI in domestic business development should take the distinct institutional context of their country into consideration. Originality/value The paper contributes to the extant literature on international entrepreneurship in emerging economies by making a breakdown on the roles played by different types of FDI in the entrepreneurial activity, analyzing the mediating effects of GQ on the relationship between inward/outward FDI and entrepreneurship, and interpreting the capital and institutional determinants of entrepreneurship in terms of entrepreneurial motivations by opportunity and necessity.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Energy Poverty and Mental Health: Micro-Level Evidence from Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6726
Author(s):  
Boqiang Lin ◽  
Michael Adu Okyere
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Energy Deprivation ◽  
The Impact

Regardless of growing interest and awareness of the effect of energy poverty on mental health, studies on this linkage have mainly relied on unidimensional measures of energy poverty with much concentration on advanced economies. Employing a two-wave socioeconomic survey, we analyzed the impact of multidimensional energy poverty on mental health in Ghana. We found energy poverty to heighten the chances of being mentally unhealthy. Using prices of liquefied petroleum gas and electricity as instruments for multidimensional energy poverty, we found that a rise in energy deprivation is associated with a 0.562-, 1.494- and 1.867-fold increase in the odds of being mildly, moderately and severely depressed, respectively. Among the indicators of multidimensional energy poverty, a deprivation in household appliance ownership (refrigerator ownership), recorded the highest impact on the depression levels of household heads. We concluded by urging policymakers to adopt a holistic approach in solving issues of energy poverty where simultaneous attention is given to all the dimensions of energy poverty since they collectively have detrimental effects on mental health, especially in a developing country setting.

Driving Factors for Converting Teaching-Oriented Universities Into Entrepreneurial Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Serdal Temel ◽  
Susanne Durst
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Universities ◽  
Academic Promotion ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
Current State ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Novelty Search

In order to accelerate economic growth, many countries have developed and implemented different programs and mechanisms. Benefiting universities' knowledge production and human capacity are one of those mechanisms and therefore entrepreneurial universities, in particular, are considered as a strategic factor in order to realize this target. While in many advanced economies, mainly in Europe and United States, entrepreneurial universities have been established over the years, but this has not been realized in emerging economies. Against this background and the activities found in Turkey, this article sheds light on the current state of Turkish universities regarding their development into entrepreneurial universities. Main findings show that existence of IP policy and TTO is driving factors for entrepreneurial universities. In addition, IP awareness activities in the campus, novelty search and using patent during academic promotion motivates universities to become more entrepreneurial.

Performance-oriented factors for women entrepreneurs – a scale development perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Jha ◽  
Munish Makkad ◽  
Sanjiv Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Performance Dimensions ◽  
Women Entrepreneur

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to conceptualize, develop and validate a scale reflecting performance dimensions of women entrepreneurs. The study intends to address the important aspects of women entrepreneur such as identifying factors influencing performance of women entrepreneur in emerging economies including India, and to develop a reliable and valid scale for measuring performance from women entrepreneurs’ perspective, which will help to explain the phenomena of entrepreneurship among women by using a holistic approach.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth literature reviews were conducted to identify manifest item measuring the latent scale dimensions. Semi-structured interview with women entrepreneurs also contributed toward item generation. A total of 1,032 valid and usable questionnaires were used for the final statistical data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) also conducted to confirm factors-item composition considered for the study.FindingsA final scale comprising six dimensions of entrepreneurial performance has been developed. These dimensions are business environment, motivation (pull/push), training and skill development, networking and market information, socio–cultural and financial. Dimensions are reflecting perception of women entrepreneurs on performance. Psychometrically properties of the proposed scale were tested and the model fitness was established through CFA.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed scale will be beneficial for both existing and nascent entrepreneurs toward gaining awareness regarding what accounts for their performance enhancement in the respective ventures undertaken. At the same time, the finding carries implications for regulatory bodies and policymakers as well, which are engaged in drafting guidelines catering to the development of women entrepreneurship in respective economies.Originality/valueThe authors believe that the proposed scale offers superior ability to explain factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs in emerging economies such as India.

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