scholarly journals Notes on onomastic terms proprialization, appellativization, transonymization and deproprialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Andrej Závodný ◽  
Dominika Bašistová
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Formal Criterion ◽  
Proper Name

Abstract In our article, we present a few discussion notes on the current processing and standardization of Slovak onomastic terminology. In our opinion, proprialization is not only a word-formation process, but primarily the functional one. The function of the word, that is seen as the first within the process of proprialization, is being changed too. Due to this fact, the formal part of the proper name is recognized as secondary. Furthermore, we think that even the process of transonymization – from functional, not formal approach – can be accepted in its wider understanding. It can be defined as transfer of proper name motivation from one object to another regardless of any formal criterion. What is more, this transfer is possible even within the same onymic class. The transfer could be accompanied with a change in the formal structure or grammatical meaning of the new proper name; because not just the form of the proper name (or the part of the form) is transferred to another object, but also its function, ability to be an “individual and specific name” for another object. But the process of transonymization itself requires transfer of the proper name from one denotatum to another. Thatʼs why we do not recognise any formation of the name variants for the same object as the process of transonymization.

scholarly journals Proper name within the framework of nomination. The case of eponyms

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-100
Author(s):  
Martin Ološtiak
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Semantic Shift

Abstract The paper explores deonymic nomination, i.e. the formation of appellatives (eponyms) from proper names. By an eponym, any type of non-onymic unit formed from proper name is understood. The analysis is conducted using a database of 1,250 eponyms from Slovník slovenských eponym (Dictionary of Slovak Eponyms; Ološtiak et al., 2018) and a theory of lexical motivation as a methodological background is applied. From this viewpoint, formation of eponyms can be characterized as the loss of onymic motivation (onymic demotivation) and at the same time the acquisition of another type of motivation depending on the type of word-formation process (in a broader sense). In this regard, a word-formation process is understood as any way of coining a new lexeme (one-word unit, multiword expression, new meaning, abbreviation, borrowing etc.). Eponyms are frequently coined by derivation (word-formation motivation, e.g. Albert ‘Albert County (Canada)’ → albertit ‘albertite’, Heine → heineovský ‘of or relating to H. Heine’) and by semantic shift with no part-of-speech change (semantic motivation, e.g. Pascal → pascal). Other processes are rare: part-of-speech change with no shift in morphemics (morphological motivation, e.g. Ježiš (noun) ‘Jesus’→ ježiš (interjection) ‘Jesus, an expression of emotion – surprise, anger, shock etc.’), abbreviation (abbreviation motivation, e.g. Mikojan + Gurevič → mig ‘a military aircraft’). In Slovak, most of the eponyms are loanwords (97.4%), thus, a special position is occupied by interlingual motivation.

Adjective–noun compounds in Mandarin: a study on productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Shen ◽  
R. Harald Baayen
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Noun Compounds ◽  
Hapax Legomena

Abstract In structuralist linguistics, compounds are argued not to constitute morphological categories, due to the absence of systematic form-meaning correspondences. This study investigates subsets of compounds for which systematic form-meaning correspondences are present: adjective–noun compounds in Mandarin. We show that there are substantial differences in the productivity of these compounds. One set of productivity measures (the count of types, the count of hapax legomena, and the estimated count of unseen types) reflect compounds’ profitability. By contrast, the category-conditioned degree of productivity is found to correlate with the internal semantic transparency of the words belonging to a morphological category. Greater semantic transparency, gauged by distributional semantics, predicts greater category-conditioned productivity. This dovetails well with the hypothesis that semantic transparency is a prerequisite for a word formation process to be productive.

scholarly journals The Linguistic Features of Acronyms in Arabic

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774671
Author(s):  
Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
Over Time

This study investigates the phonological, semantic, and pragmatic features of acronyms in Arabic. Acronyms in Arabic have appeared quite recently as a result of globalization and exposure to or contact with, mainly, English via radio stations and TV channels, which are broadcasting in English and in some countries, for example, Morocco in both English and French. Through in-depth analysis, it has been observed that acronyms in Arabic are subject to different restrictions: (a) The phonological combinations are formed on the basis of Arabic templates; hence, should be compatible with Arabic phonotactics, for example, consonant clusters should be broken up by vowels; (b) the connotation of the acronyms should not be negative; and (c) in conformity with relevance theory, when the acronyms are homophonous to existing words, the former maximize contextual effects with minimum processing effort. The fact that they appear in certain contexts also reduces the processing effort. It has also become evident that the period between the establishment of the movement or party and the first use of the acronym decreases over time, provided that the acronyms are frequently mentioned in the media. The examination of acronyms in different languages shows that acronymization is quite pervasive cross-linguistically; this may suggest that not any word-formation process can easily spread; it needs to be prevalent and potentially universal.

scholarly journals Word-Formation Process on COVID-19 Related Terms as Japanese Language Variation

IZUMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
Nadya Inda Syartanti
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Observation Method

This research aims to identify the types of vocabulary in Japanese, to explore the word-formation process, and to analyse the function of COVID-19 related terms conveyed by various content creators on YouTube channels, from Japan and Indonesia. The seven YouTube channel accounts are Aki no Sora (Indonesia), po.n.go_id or Pocket Nihongo (Indonesia), Sakura Pinku (Indonesia), Wagomu (Indonesia), Omoshiroi Nihongo (Japan), Japanese Ammo with Misa (Japan), and Coto Academy (Japan that used as the data source. Data were collected using the observation method and analysed by the distribution method. The results showed that the COVID-19 related terms are dominated by the type of vocabulary kango as the form or type of vocabulary that is most widely used in matching the COVID-19 related term. Among all word-formation processes, the COVID-19 terms in Japanese identified as borrowing, compounding, and multiple processes. However, the multiple word-formation processes are dominated on COVID-19 terms in Japanese. It related to the domination of the type of kango used. From that, there are multiple functions that are included in COVID-19 terms in Japanese, namely disease information, preventive action, symptom, and announcement. Therefore, this research can be contributed to data analysis, which used morphological analysis in Japanese terms.

scholarly journals Exploring the word formation process on Rich Brian�s official music video comments

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Syifa Dwi Mutiah ◽  
Didin Nuruddin Hidayat ◽  
Alek Alek
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Music Video ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Depth Analysis

This study attempted to explore the process of word formation and its social function of slang words on Rich Brian's official music video, precisely in the comment section of the newest song of him, D.O.A that released on 25 August 2020. This study employed discourse and sociolinguistics aspects; hence, this study's research design was a descriptive qualitative. Additionally, this study's object was a one-month comment section of Rich Brian's newest song official music video. Furthermore, there were two sources of data, primary and secondary data sources. The primary data were a comment section of Rich Brian's newest official song music video, while the secondary source was from available works of literature and urban dictionary. Therefore, to collect the data, this study did the documentation from the D.O.A. official music video from one-month duration comments. As the data obtained, there were 49 slang words found. Then, they were analyzed through Yule (2010)�s theory as the basis of word formation process standard, while Zhou & Fan (2013)�s theory was used as the basis of word formation function standard. Data analysis is divided into several steps: reading, collecting, classifying, and analyzing the data. The result showed that derivation was the highest frequency of the word-formation process. It was 22%, the acronym was 18%, coinage was 16%, the conversion was 14%, blending was 12%, compounding was 8%, clipping was 6%, borrowing and multiple processes were 2% of each. Besides, the highest social function was to express emotive feeling with 49 % quantity of the frequency. The second higher was to pursue self-identity, achieving politeness was 8%. This study suggested a more in-depth analysis of non-standard languages, such as swear words or taboo words and emoticon that can be done through a social semiotic approach.

scholarly journals The comparative study between Indonesian blend words and English blend words

LingTera ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mia Rahmannia ◽  
Pratomo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Generally, blending can be defined as combining two clipped words. Kvetko in Bednarova defines blending as a word formation process similar to shortening combined with merging two different words. There are many types of blending words both in Indonesian and English context. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the comparison between Indonesian blend words and English blend words in terms of its types, its similarities and differences and also how its formed. In this paper the researcher use descriptive qualitative method as the method of the research. The source of the data is taken from some journal articles that relevant with blend words both in Indonesian and English context. The result showed that Indonesian blend words and English blend words not only have similarities in the forming word, but also have their differences that make them unique to each other. The writer hopes that the reader of this article gets more information about both Indonesian and English blend words based on its types and the similarities and the difference between them.

scholarly journals Analisis Ragam Bahasa Istilah Dalam Iklan Pariwisata Di Media Digital Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Formal Languages ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Theory Of Language

This study aimed ro describe and determine the characteristic patterns and the word formation process of various language terms used in tourism advertisements on digital media during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several new terms that are widely used by people all over the globe, and tourism adevertisements are no excpetion. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from advertisements found on social media Facebook and Instagram. The thoery used in this research is the theory of language style proposed by Chaer & Agustina (2010) and theory of word formation process by Chaer (2008). It can be concluded that: (1) the characteristic pattern of the variety of languages used in tourism advertisements on social media Facebook and Instagram during the COVID-19 pandemic is a variety of non-formal languages, and (2) the variety of terms used tourism advertisements on social media Facebook and Instagram during the COVID-19 pandemic are formed from blending, abbreviations and compounding. Keywords: Language Varieties, Terms, Advertisement, COVID-19

scholarly journals Кореферентные структуры, используемые для представления экономических субъектов в медийном дискурсе

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Сергей Ключенович
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
German Newspaper ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
A Company

The subject of study in the article is the discourse specifics of representation of economic entities in German newspaper and magazine texts of the last two decades. The purpose of the analysis is to elucidate the factors that stimulate univerbation in connection with the generation and textual integration of co-referential structures different in genesis, structural properties, semantic characteristics and stylistic potential. The study, conducted on the basis of a functional-communicative approach to language, relies on methods and results of studies on text linguistics considering text as a whole structural-semantic unit. Conclusions. 1) Mentioning of a company name is accompanied by integration of the univerb indicating the relevant industry into the text. Along with a two-member chain of co-referential nominations, a three-member chain is also possible (the location of a company is mentioned). 2) Co-referential pairs of the type “company name ‒ collective designation of employees according to headquarters location” (Siemens ‒ Münchener) are characteristic, which demonstrates the lability of univerb toponym semantics. 3) The integration of a proper name into the text requires the usage of characterizing common nouns in order to prepare the reader for the perception of unique names, which is a factor motivating univerbation. 4) Synthetic compounds of the nomina agentis type (Autobauer, Stromversorger) are widely used to describe the kind of activity of an enterprise. In such cases a lexeme with the expected semantics is eliminated (Unternehmen ‘company’, Konzern ‘concern’ etc.). The reduction of the base lexeme of a compound as well as representation of the verb lexeme in the form of nomen agentis has an impact on the semantics and stylistics of the univerb. The results of the study can be used both in research activities on problems of word-formation, semantics and in the training of business translators.

PROPER NAMES AS TERMINOLOGY IN SOCIAL SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Maximova ◽  
Tatiana Maykova
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Derivational Morphemes

Proper names reflect the interaction between society and language. They identify unique entities and are used to refer to them. At the same time, it is not uncommon of proper names to serve as a source for word-formation. It should be noted, however, that while in a natural language (notably English) proper names mostly give rise to denominal verbs or adjectives, terminologies are different. Most units that count as terms are nouns, which makes their semantics somewhat special. The paper originates as one of a series towards a typology of sociological terminology and endeavors to analyze the terms whose etymology refers to a proper name (that is, eponymic terms). The research poses the following questions: whether this type of terms is common in Social Science, what are their structural and semantic distinctions as well as mechanisms behind their motivation, whether they are culture specific. The terms were manually retrieved from a set of data of 2500 terminological units extracted from a number of dictionaries and other sources. They were further grouped by structural criteria and the nature of eponymous components and made subject to morphological and semantic analyses. The research shows that structurally eponymic terms are morphological derivatives or two-(or more)-word compounds, with their prevalence estimated at 2%. The authors come to conclusion that terms of this type feature substantial diversity with regard to their eponymous components; they are motivated through the combination of encyclopedic knowledge of the entity, represented by the eponym, and the semantics of derivational morphemes or appellative components. Mythology-based eponymous terminology is represented by two groups, the first tracing back to Antiquity or biblical tradition, and the second of later origin, which requires a specific cultural experience for the meaning to be retrieved. Further analysis shows that the latter type along with toponym-based terminology is culture-specific in relation to American culture.

scholarly journals Grammatical and Semantic Word-Formation of Toponymic Derivatives (on the Material of the Toponym “CИБИPЬ”)

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Anna M. Litovkina
Keyword(s):  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Derived Categories ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Proper Name

The paper presents morphemic-derivational structure of toponymic derivatives (toponymy-derived formations) of proper name “Cибирь”. In revealed derived words authors identify morphemes, specify the methods of their production, provide statistics on word-formation activity of morphemes in the process of secondary nomination of toponymy-derived appellatives. Based on regional material of dialectal dictionaries they define the peculiarities of toponym’s word-formation family of words, as well as its paradigmatic relations with derived categories. Horonym “Cибирь” is considered in the context of perception by regional linguistic persona in the national toponymic space. Examples of semantic toponymy-derived word-formation are given. Thereby, in Russian language world picture it is possible to identify a set of regionally marked background knowledge, perceptions of values as well as historical and cultural characteristics of the analyzed toponym.

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